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Z@ `"i~'K2^88Ygg888g8888gggggggggg88V{gux`]{x.]oYxcllgxxxrd888SS8Y`Y`Y<``((Y(````;S<`]]]PSSSg8ggggg8ggggggSgd({Y{Y{Y{Y{YuY`Y`Y`Y`Y.(.(.(.(x`````x`x`x`x`r]{Yxa``r]x`c`{Z{g{ZuZuZugugx{aZggggaZ{a{g{g{g{gxgxg/(gggg8dPggogZ(ZCggZFZ/xaxaxgagk>iiffSSxSrff8SSA"xxSxexxS姧0S88xfxxxxxxxxxx8S{gci{P8ix]i`xrxxxxxxxxxxSxxxxxxofxGcxxxxxxxSxxxxxxxSxxxxSxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx8xxx8xxx8xxx8xxxxxxxxxxxxx{`ic]S{``SfMx`f.+oS{Scx]xP`fc`flMiMrcxx]x{`x8irr`lrxz88iiii{xiiirrr8fSJ8Muu]daqqZZnn{{xu{{M{aZZ5M5M҅P?k"i~'K2^7=Moo+77o777Doooooooooo77e~rl{eeu{4Vu\~~u~rblxxxxo7D7SS+lxbxoVxx77l4xuxxV\Yuooo_SSSo7ooooo7ooooooSou7~l~l~l~l~llbeoeoeoeo47474747~x~u~u~u~uxuxuxuxuxo~l{`~u~uxo{uux{Z~o{ZtZtZoooox{`Zoooo`Z{`uxuxuxux{x{x.7ouoo7uooouoZ(ZBoo\YY:x`x`~x~`~ujpotential sector for growth is agriculture, as only 15% of Tanzania's arable land is cultivated, and its  d(#>many river basins provide ample potential for increased irrigation and hydroelectric development. A  d(#new Sheraton Hotel opened in the capital in October 1995, and a U.S. firm, RJ Reynolds, completed  d(#its purchase of the stateowned cigarette factory in December 1995. South Africa is becoming Tanzania's largest trader and foreign investor.  d(#Tanzania is one of Africa's largest countries, having a surface area of 883,749 sq km and a rapidly  d(#growing population of 28 million. Over 80% of the population are engaged in agriculture.  d(#Approximately 5% to 7% of the population are infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).  d(#By the year 2000, it is estimated that 2.4 million people will be HIV positive and there will be 800,000  d(#Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) cases and over one million orphans due to AIDSrelated  d(#deaths. The child mortality rate is 84 per 1000 live births, slightly better than the average rate of 93"h)0*0*0*z+"  d(#{for all of subSaharan Africa. Adult literacy is 61%, lower than in Kenya (69%) but higher than in  d(#Uganda (48%). However, primary school enrollment has dropped from just under 100% in 197980  d(#to under 70% currently. A 1991 household survey showed that 51% of the population had incomes below the poverty line of $1 per day per person and 42% had incomes of less than $0.75 per day.  d(#In spite of its high potential and progress in recent years, Tanzania continues to be ranked among the  d(#five poorest countries in the world and it continues to be constrained by a number of key factors:  d(#Linadequate infrastructure; destructive exploitation of rangeland, forest, cropland and wildlife resources;  d(#fiscal mismanagement; corruption, lack of accountability, and poor governance; a legal framework  d(#designed to support a socialist system that is inimical to the development of a marketbased economy;  d(#an undeveloped and bankrupt financial system; a refugee crisis due to chaos in Rwanda and Burundi;  d(#and an inability to generate employment opportunities in the formal sector for more than 10% of the  d(#new entrants into the labor force. Furthermore, Tanzania is one of the most debtdistressed countries  d(#Min the world with an external debt of $6.5 billion at end 1994, two times greater than Gross Domestic  d(#Product; debt service in 1994/95 was equivalent to 32% of export of goods and services, and  d(#transfers. Since the economic reform program began, economic growth has averaged 4% a year, much  d(# better than the previous 20 years but not sufficient to make a meaningful difference in improving the lives of the average Tanzanian.  }K- Other Donors.  d(#/In 1994, the United States provided less than 5% of total bilateral assistance to Tanzania. The major  d(#bilateral donors in 1994 were Japan, Denmark, Sweden, United Kingdom, Norway, Netherlands, United  d(#>States, Finland, Switzerland and Italy. The Nordic group of donors (Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland) have been the major bilateral donors in Tanzania for the past 30 years.  }KP- FY 1997 Program.  d(#USAID has redesigned its country program and has adopted four Strategic Objectives to help Tanzania  d(#kachieve sustainable development and improve human welfare. USAID will provide support to protect  d(#natural resources, to promote the growth of the private sector, to support family planning and HIV  d(#lprevention, and to promote the transition to democratic governance. Due to the importance of the  d(#natural resource base to sustainable growth in the country, USAID will begin work in support of natural  d(#resources management and expand our role in preserving wildlife. We will continue our work with the  d(#private sector, focusing on the enabling environment, improved infrastructure, the transfer of skills and  d(#technology to entrepreneurs and business managers, and strengthened financial markets. Building on  d(#the progress already achieved, USAID will continue its work to increase use of family planning and  d(#0HIV/AIDS services. Finally, we will help build a strong foundation for the transition to democratic governance.  }K@- Agency Goal: Protecting the Environment  d(#Tanzania is home to some of the world's most important natural wonders Ngorongoro Crater, the  d(#Serengeti and vast areas of game parks and reserves of profound international significance; and Africa's  d(#highest mountain (Kilimanjaro) and deepest lake (Victoria). Tanzania is also one of the five most  d(#biologically diverse countries in Africa. In recognition of these endowments, some 25% of the country  d(#is set aside as protected areas. However, in an agrarian economy like Tanzania, rapid population  d(#[growth increases the demand on the natural resource base and results in the unsustainable exploitation  d(#>of the environment. Current land use practices in agriculture (including shifting cultivation), livestock  d(#raising (free range use), and exploitation of forest products (firewood, charcoal, construction) are  d(#degrading the environment. Not only is sustainable development threatened, but so is the country's endowment of wildlife resources.  d(#In the past, USAID provided minimal support to this sector. Our achievements include strengthening"h)0*0*0*z+"  d(#the institutional capacity of the country's only agricultural university, which has begun applying the  d(#results of research to problems identified by rural citizens. In addition, USAID supported the Wildlife  d(#Department in designing ten policies and planning documents of which five have been approved by the  d(#Government and which are in various stages of implementation. FY 1997 will be the first year that  d(# USAID will begin an expanded, concerted program to address the remaining obstacles in this sector  d(#\with emphasis on empowering communities through promotion of communitybased natural resource management. , Strategic Objective 1: Strengthening Natural Resources Management Capacity  }K- Agency Goal: Encouraging Broadbased Economic Growth  d(#NSince the start of Tanzania's economic reform program in 1985, the country has made significant  d(#0strides in reversing its decadeslong socialist approach to economic development, but enormous  d(#.obstacles to development still exist. The country has an abundance of natural resources, a diverse but  d(#favorable climate, and a developed university network graduating trained personnel. However, fiscal  d(#and monetary discipline is lacking, infrastructure is extremely poor or nonexistent, the financial system  d(#is woefully underdeveloped, and the legal and regulatory system prevents firms from graduating from  d(#!the informal to the formal sectors. While Tanzania has great potential to be a leader in Africa for economic advancement, the enabling environment is still not there.  d(#USAID's rural road rehabilitation and maintenance program has reduced transport costs in the rural  d(#areas, more than doubled business activities, increased farm income by 25% and improved access to  d(#health services and schools. It has also created a new private road building and maintenance  d(#jcontracting industry, introduced a more transparent contracting system and established a userfinanced  d(#road fund that is assuming an increasing share of the responsibility of program sustainability. At least  d(#90% of rehabilitation work is now carried out by private contractors from just 30% five years ago. The  d(#Mission's Tanzania Zambia Railroad Authority project has reduced turnaround time of trains on the  d(#01,800 kms Dar es Salaam to Zambia stretch from 21 days to seven days. Locomotive availability improved from 46% to 76%.  d(#Assistance in restructuring the financial sector has enhanced the technical and managerial skills of the  d(#Central Bank and increased its independence, prepared the groundwork for a private sector insurance  d(#Lindustry and introduced a completely marketbased foreign exchange system. Over the past two years  d(#Lunder this SO, eight private banks have opened. The newly established Business Services Center, and  d(#.its Advisory Council, have been welcomed as a practical approach to resolving technical and marketing  d(#problems inhibiting private sector growth, on a feeforservices basis. We have assisted in the  d(#establishment of Tanzania's first venture capital fund, and established a $20 million enterprise trust fund. , Strategic Objective 2: Increased Productive Employment and Income Generating Opportunities  }K - Agency Goal: Stabilizing World Population Growth and Protecting Human Health  d(#High fertility (6.3 per woman) and high rates of sexually transmitted diseases, especially HIV/AIDS,  d(#Ncontribute to elevated adult and infant morbidity/mortality in Tanzania. AIDS is estimated to be the  d(#.leading cause of death among the 20 45 year old age group. The consequences of poor reproductive  d(#health range from the obvious human welfare losses to decreased economic productivity. Increased  d(#rates of maternal/infant illness and death profoundly affect the family as a social and economic unit  d(#(Tanzanian women are the primary care givers and contribute significantly to the family's income. The  d(#resulting strains on already overburdened health, social welfare and other services are enormous.  d(#Although demand for family planning is very high (56% of all women aged 15 49 would like to limit  d(#or space births), only 11.3% of these are using modern contraception. There is increased concern  d(#=about HIV/AIDS, high awareness of the problem and increased use of condoms, although access is still"h)0*0*0*z+" problematic.  d(#Results of USAID activities include a doubling of modern contraceptive use (from six percent to 11.3%)  d(#in only three years; availability of at least three family planning methods at most facilities;  d(#contraceptives available in 90% of service delivery sites; and mobilization of 106 nongovernmental  d(#organizations (NGOs) within a unique system of networks to provide a variety of AIDS prevention and  d(#!family support activities. Use of various media to provide information on AIDS prevention and an  d(#\innovative program to sell condoms using modern marketing techniques has resulted in sales of over 10 million in less than two years, double the anticipated goal. , Strategic Objective 3: Increased Use of Family Planning and HIV/AIDS Preventive Measures  }K` - Agency Goal: Building Democracy  }K( -  d(#.Tanzania has long had a government plagued with corruption and economic mismanagement. The first  d(#ever, multiparty presidential election was held in October 1995. The new government has pledged to  d(#curb corruption and manage its resources in a more transparent manner. USAID's fourth Strategic  d(#\Objective is designed to harness the energies of individuals, NGOs and the private sector in working together toward democratic governance.  d(#Although this is a new strategic objective, the Mission has supported several democracy/governance  d(#?activities in the past. In the legal sector, USAID has strengthened the judiciary by assisting in the  d(#{institution of alternative dispute resolution. The Mission has also worked to upgrade the quality of  d(#auditing and accounting, in both the public and private sectors. Finally, the provision of international  d(#jelection observers by USAID enhanced the transparency of Tanzania' first multiparty national elections.  d(#The final report issued by these observers will be useful in improving subsequent elections held at all levels of government. , Specific Objective 4: Democracy and Governance  }K- "80*0*0*n"  X-g#Xz_ p^7EX#TANZANIA -FY 1997 PROGRAM SUMMARY  ?<#x6X@8;X@# h ddx !ddx8HZ h    &&   `FB#O P7P#J  w Encouraging  Broadbased Economic  Growthr   `F4TAStabilizing#O P7P#у TJWorld Population <TBGrowth & >T@Protecting TFHuman TGHealthr  Protecting the Environmentr  Building Democracyr  S^Providing Humanitarian A^Assistancer   `FQ_ f TOTALS ă   &&   `F USAID Strategic  `F Objectives F  F  F  F  F  F     r &&  1. Strengthening Natural Resources Management Capacity Dev. Fund for Africaf   f   f   `7d5,556,335f   f  f   `"w5,556,335    F  &&  2. Increased Productive Employment and Income Generating Opportunities Dev. Fund for Africa  ` D3,070,870      `"w3,070,870    f  &&  3. Increased Use of Family Planning and HIV/AIDS Preventive Measures Dev. Fund for Africa   `E14,041,879     `"v14,041,879  z  &v&  4. Strong Foundation for the Transition to Democracy Dev. Fund for Africa v  v  v  v  `H843,597 v  `L v  `J "~843,597z    &v &   `F Totals Dev. Fund for Africa$   ` D3,070,870$   TTU`E14,041,879$   `7d5,556,335$   `H843,597$   ^^.$   _ _ |`"v23,512,681      }K-`(##hxP7krP#3 B#c P7 P#3USAID Mission Director: Mark Wentling "0*0*0*D" COACTIVITY DATA SHEET  }K-#ixP7krP##ixP7krP# PROGRAM : TANZANIA  }KX- TITLE AND NUMBER: Strengthening Natural Resources Management Capacity, 621S001  }K - STATUS: Continuing  }K- PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: FY 1997 $5,556,335 DFA  }K- INITIAL OBLIGATION : FY 1995; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2003  }K@- d(#lPurpose: To foster the adoption of policies, legislation and practices which enhance the ability of Tanzanians to conserve and utilize natural resources in a sustainable manner.  }K- d(#Background: Although Tanzania can boast of setting aside enormous reserves (approximately 25% of  d(#the mainland has been designated as protected areas) that contain some of the world's premier tourist  d(#^attractions, weak institutions, low budgetary support and lack of political will have resulted in  d(# considerable encroachment into these areas. Furthermore, current land use practices (farming and  d(#livestock production, forest production or extraction, wildlife hunting) are unsustainable. The new  d(#>government (elected in October 1995) has stated that sustainable use of natural resources will be a  d(#^priority, and a new office of environment and poverty alleviation has been created in the Vice  d(#President's Office. Therefore, the policy environment is positive and supportive of activities under  d(#Strategic Objective (SO) 1. These activities include the ongoing Planning and Assessing for Wildlife  d(#Management and the TuskegeeSokoine University linkage project, both of which have been  d(#implemented over five years. New activities include Participatory Environmental Resources  d(#NManagement and Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere (CARE) Kagera Natural Resource  d(#Program. These latter two activities have been developed in response to the Government of Tanzania  d(#(GOT) requests that efforts be made to stem environmental destruction. Two external constraints that  d(#=may affect the ability of USAID/Tanzania to achieve the SO are: (1) continued influxes of Burundian and  d(#jRwandan refugees which will exert destructive pressure on the environment; and (2) the possible need  d(#to respond to natural disasters which might divert resources away from sustainable natural resource management practices.  }Kp- d(#USAID Role and Achievements to Date: Modest amounts of assistance were provided in this area  d(#>during the early 1990s, with anticipated increases for the latter half of the decade. USAID's support  d(#zincludes institutional strengthening, policy dialogue and legislative reform, strengthening of Tanzanian  d(#mplanning capacity, and discrete grassroots activities designed to pilot and test approaches to  d(#communitybased natural resource management. Achievements to date include strengthening the  d(#institutional capacity of the country's only agricultural university, which has begun applying the results  d(#of research to problems identified by rural citizens. Tanzania's Wildlife Department has produced ten  d(#policies and planning documents, of which five have been approved by the GOT and are in various  d(#stages of implementation. USAID has also established a partnership with the Peace Corps to place natural resource management experts in local communities.  }K - d(#Description: USAID's program has a multifaceted approach which provides: 1) support for the  d(#zoverarching enabling environment (i.e. enacting appropriate laws and policies) for sustainable use of  d(#natural resources; 2) targeted strengthening of both governmental and nongovernmental institutions;  d(#=3) increasing broad citizen awareness of the value and finiteness of Tanzania's natural resource base;  d(#and 4) adoption of sustainable resource practices by communities in pilot locations. Funding is  d(#channeled mainly through U.S. nongovernment organizations (NGOs) and universities with efforts being  d(#made to raise the capacity of local NGOs to be able to receive funds directly in the future. U.S.  d(#Government interagency collaboration is enhanced through USAID support to Peace Corps Volunteers  d(#=who work directly with communities to identify simple and lowcost ways to conserve and productively  d(#use land, water, forests, livestock and wildlife resources. An important principle guiding all USAID  d(#activities is to ensure that a balance is achieved between conservation and production goals and that  d(#resource owners and users are able to recoup a fair share of the benefits from resource use.  d(#\Sustainability is also addressed by supporting the establishment of communitybased institutions and"h)0*0*0*z+D" legal/regulatory systems that redress environmental/natural resource abuses.  }K- d(#Host Country and other Donors: The GOT has prepared a number of policies and planning documents  d(#"for the environment and key sectoral areas. Many of these still need to be revised to ensure  d(#]consistency across sectors and to be ratified by Parliament. GOT capacity to manage competing  d(# demands for natural resources and ensure that use of the environment is sustainable remains at an  d(#.embryonic stage among the major donors supporting this sector: Overseas Development Agency of the  d(#United Kingdom (ODAUK) supports ecosystem wildlife management; the Netherlands supports  d(#environmental sanitation and land use management; Finland supports forestry and land use  d(#{management; the European Union supports agroforestry; other donors have either supported the  d(#preparation of national level policy and planning documents (eg. Swedish International Development  d(#Authority, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Bank) or district and communitybased  d(#sectorspecific projects (e.g. the Netherlands, FAO, Norwegian Agency for International Development,  d(#OGermany, ODA, SIDA) in areas such as forestry, soil conservation, smallscale irrigation, and  d(#]community conservation programs for wildlife. Among the 12 donors supporting natural resource  d(#management, the United States ranks ninth in terms of annual disbursements. The Mission participates  d(#in a monthly donor focus group on the environment which fosters coordination of activities of various donors aimed at improving natural resource management.  }K- d(#>Beneficiaries: Over 80% of the country's labor force (about 12 million people) live in rural areas and  d(#are involved in agriculture, herding, forest extraction or mining activities. Legislation and policies which  d(# support sustainable use of the country's natural resources will benefit over 40% of these residents  d(#directly as well as private sector businesses involved in tourism, mining, and marketing of agricultural  d(#.and forestry products. Visible improvements will be seen in terms of reduced erosion, more productive  d(#0agriculture, increased benefits from wildlife and forest products and increased income for those communities involved with the pilot activities.  }K- d(#Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: USAID will implement activities through Peace Corps  d(#=Volunteers, CARE, Tuskegee and Sokoine Universities, African Wildlife Fund, and U.S. and host country NGOs to be determined.  }K8-Major Results Indicators:  }K-` `  hhCqBaselineTarget  }K-Increase in revenue/income hhCq0 (1995)35% (2002)  }K-Decrease in rate of natural resource decline per 0 (1995)10% (2002) annum Increase in land area managed by communities/user  }K-groups ` `  hhCq0 (1995)40% (2002)  }K-Hectares established under village forest reserves 0 (1995)3000 (2002)  }Kx- ` `  hhCq "@0*0*0* D" COACTIVITY DATA SHEET  }K-#ixP7krP##ixP7krP# PROGRAM : TANZANIA  }KX- TITLE AND NUMBER: Increased Productive Employment and Income Generating Opportunities, 621S002  }K- STATUS: New  }K- PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: FY 1997 $3,070,870 DFA  }Kx- INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1997; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2003xxX  }K- d(#Purpose: To enable Tanzanians to participate more fully in the private sector and to both derive benefits from and contribute to sustainable economic development.  }K` - d(# Background: Tanzania's economy needs to grow to develop productive jobs for an increasing rural  d(#population and urban unemployed. This strategic objective directly addresses practical impediments to  d(#financial and business development and the policy constraints which inhibit private sector growth.  d(#.Mission efforts provide direct private business support services and emphasize rebuilding of the newly privatized financial sector.  d(#kThe state of infrastructure in Tanzania is in such poor condition that it severely stifles the daytoday  d(#activities of the population and the overall economic growth of the country. The constraints that led  d(#to this state are related to existing unsustainable institutional and financial structures for the  d(#development, execution and maintenance of infrastructure facilities. The private sector, which has the  d(#inherent and proven institutional and financial capability and capacity for economic growth, was virtually excluded from these activities.  }K- d(#USAID Role and Achievements to Date: USAID's support includes involvement and participation in  d(#\the following areas: the rehabilitation and maintenance of rural and district roads; the effective and  d(#efficient operations of the Tanzania and Zambia Railroad Authority (TAZARA); and rural  d(#telecommunications. The rural road rehabilitation and maintenance program has reduced transport  d(#costs, more than doubled business activities, increased farm income by 25% and improved access to  d(#health services and schools. It has also created a new private roadbuilding and maintenance  d(#jcontracting industry, introduced a more transparent contracting system and established a userfinanced  d(#road fund that is assuming an increasing share of the responsibility of program sustainability. The  d(#TAZARA project has reduced turnaround time of trains on the 1,800 kms Dar es Salaam to Zambia stretch from 21 days to seven days.  d(#Assistance in restructuring the financial sector has enhanced the technical and managerial skills of the  d(#Central Bank and increased its independence, prepared the groundwork for a private sector insurance  d(#Lindustry and introduced a completely marketbased foreign exchange system. Over the past two years  d(#Lunder this SO, eight private banks have opened. The newly established Business Services Center, and  d(#[its Advisory Council, have been welcomed as a practical approach to resolving technical and marketing  d(#problems inhibiting private sector growth, on a feeforservices basis. USAID has also assisted in the  d(#establishment of Tanzania's first venture capital fund, and established a $20 million enterprise trust fund.  }K(#- d(#Description: Attaining this objective will be accomplished through improvements in the enabling  d(#.environment, supporting privatesector solutions to infrastructure constraints, transferring management  d(#?skills and technology to small businesses, and strengthening financial markets. Activities include  d(#improvement of rural roads, railroad, and rural telecommunications; development and training of  d(#business people, both rural and urban; strengthening business associations to function as fora for  d(#policy dialogue and change; establishing a microenterprise fund to be operated by the first indigenous  d(#0Tanzanian bank; and training and technical assistance to the Central Bank to enable it to execute appropriate monetary/fiscal and supervisory/regulatory functions. "h)0*0*0*z+D"Ԍ }K- d(# Host Country and Other Donors: The road program component is part of an integrated road program  d(#that is supported by 16 other donors and the World Bank. The Nordic countries also support TAZARA,  d(#the national railway to Zambia. USAID/Tanzania is the recognized lead donor in supporting private  d(#sector activities, and the new microenterprise project is anticipated to bring additional donor  d(#Oparticipation. USAID resources dedicated to financial sector reform are complemented by the  d(#International Monetary Fund World Bank, Nordic country programs as well as the Tanzanian Central Bank (Bank of Tanzania).  }K@- d(#jBeneficiaries: The principal beneficiaries under this SO are Tanzanian women, men and children totalling  d(#over 29 million, both urban and rural, whose access to goods and services as well as to viable means  d(#\of earning a livelihood will be increased; and over 100,000 Tanzanian entrepreneurs, managers, and  d(#0business people, who will receive both direct and indirect assistance in the management of, and increasing profitability of, their enterprises in addition to facilitating their access to commercial credit.  }K - d(#>Principal Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: Development Alternatives, Inc., is the prime contractor  d(#for implementing The Business Center component. Additionally, 8(a) firms Gardiner Kamya  d(#>Associates, Harvey and Co. Inc., and International Technology Investments Ltd., have been utilized  d(#^in venture capital operations as well as incountry training activities and specific Central Bank assignments.   }K-Major Results Indicators:  }Kh-` `  hhCBaseline ppTarget  }K0-Volume of traffic on rural roadshhC30 Vehicles/day (1990)60 Vehicles/day (1998) (#(#  }K-Rural road works contracted by hhC10% (1990)pp90% (1998) private sector  }K-Freight handled by TAZARAhhC1 million Tons Yr (1987)1.3 million Tons/Yr (1998)(#(#  }KP-Private sector GDP (%)hhC64% (1992)pp70 (1998)  }K-No. of private sector financial hhC0 (1992)pp10 (1998) institutions  }K-Value of pvt sector com'l loanshhC324 (1992)pp550 (1998) ($000s)  }K8-Gap between mkt and official FXhhC28 (1992)pp0 rates (%)  }K-Assisted businesses with sales hhC0 (1994)pp125 growth over 25%  }KX-New jobs created (The Business hhC0 (1994)pp2000 Center)"  0*0*0*D" COACTIVITY DATA SHEET  }K- PROGRAM: TANZANIA  }KX- TITLE AND NUMBER: Increased Use of Family Planning and HIV/AIDS Preventive Measures, 621S003  }K- STATUS: Continuing  }K- PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: FY 1996, $14,041,879 DFA  }Kx- INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1995; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2003  }K- d(#   B Purpose: To increase knowledge of and access to family planning (FP) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) information and services.  }K-  }K` - d(#>Background: High fertility of over six births per woman and the spread of HIV/AIDS (5% 7% of the  d(#lpopulation is infected) contribute to high infant/adult morbidity and mortality in Tanzania. Although  d(#{only 11.3% of all women use modern FP methods, 40% would like to limit births. AIDS is attacking  d(#the most productive age group (1545 years), resulting in an enormous strain on the health system and  d(#on the social structure. Reduction of fast population growth rate and controlling the impact of HIV/AIDS will contribute to sustainable economic growth.  }K- d(#USAID Role and Achievements to Date: USAID provides commodity, management and technical support  d(#to government and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), all of which implement a variety of FP and  d(#AIDS prevention education and service delivery activities. Results include a doubling of modern  d(#Mcontraceptive use (from 6% to 11.3%) in only three years; availability of at least three FP methods at  d(#most facilities; contraceptives available in 90% of service delivery sites; 106 NGOs assisted to provide  d(#AIDS information/services. Use of various media to provide information on AIDS prevention and an  d(#\innovative program to sell condoms using modern marketing techniques has resulted in sales of over  }KP-10 million in less than two years, double the anticipated goal.  }K- d(#Description: USAID focuses on two areas: family planning/child spacing and reduction of high risk  d(#births; and prevention of HIV/AIDS. Enhancing client choice of and access to safe, effective FP  d(#methods is achieved through training personnel (clinicbased and communitylevel); provision of  d(#contraceptives, equipment and supplies to clinics; and informational materials production and  d(#distribution. An extensive research agenda provides national level data on FP, AIDS and child survival  d(#N(CS). Activities in support of CS include health worker training, promotion of sexually transmitted  d(#disease (STD) and child spacing services, institution/capacity building of the Ministry of Health and  d(#NGO/private sector organizations, and promotion of an integrated maternal child health (MCH) care  d(#delivery system. Efforts to stimulate an indigenous, communitybased approach to AIDS prevention  d(#>and family support through "networks" of NGOs working together covers about 50% of the country.  d(#[Workplaces are targeted, since working adults have high rates of HIV. Social marketing of condoms and  d(#0training of NGO personnel in the identification and management of STDs are key AIDS prevention  }K@- d(#interventions. Sustainability will be achieved through host country ability to technically manage the  d(#National FP Program on its own; continued host government support of recurrent costs for clinicbased  d(#/personnel; NGO ability to raise their own funds and implement programs; and a greater emphasis on  }K!-selling commodities and services.  }K(#- d(#MHost Country and Other Doonors: The Government of Tanzania oversees the FP and AIDS programs  d(#zand supports recurrent costs for most clinicbased service providers. The private sector will receive  d(#zincreased support for delivery of community and clinicbased services (including social marketing for  d(#both FP and AIDS control). The United Kingdom, United Nations Children's Fund, World Bank,  d(#lGermany and Denmark provide extensive support for child survival interventions (other than child  d(#=spacing), including essential drugs, maternal and child health, health infrastructure and logistics. USAID  d(#and the United Nations Fund for Population Activities are the main donors in child spacing (the UK and  d(#possibly Germany have expressed interest in supporting FP activities), while the European Union will provide STD drugs and training. "h) 0*0*0*z+D"Ԍ }K- d(#zÙBeneficiaries: Men and women of reproductive age (50% of the population) who wish to space/limit  d(#=births, and prevent HIV infection or sexually transmitted diseases. Youths (25% of the population) who  d(#kare at risk of pregnancy or STDs, and are seeking services from public and private sector providers. Children who benefit from improved MCH and child health services.  }K- d(#MPrincipal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: Host government, private nonprofit companies, John  d(#^Hopkins University, University of North Carolina, Tulane University, Unversity of Michigan, and Tanzania NGOs.  }K-Major Results Indicators:  }K-` `  hhCqBaseline  )Targets  }K-Modern method Contraceptive Prevalenceq11.3/13.4% 1994  )13%/15% (1997)  }K` -Rate among all/currently married womenqTanzania Knowledge, ` `  hhCqAttitudes and Practice ` `  hhCqSurvey (TKAPS)  }K -Condom use in most recent sexual encounterq20% women/36% men xxX25%/40% (1997)  }K -with non regular partner hhCq(1994 TKAPS) "H 0*0*0* D" COACTIVITY DATA SHEET  }K-#ixP7krP##ixP7krP# PROGRAM : TANZANIA  }KX- TITLE AND NUMBER: Strong Foundation for the Transition to Democratic Governance, 621S004  }K - STATUS: Continuing  }K- PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: FY 1997, $843,597 DFA  }K- INITIAL OBLIGATION : FY 1995; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2003 #ixP7krP#  }K@-Purpose: To establish a strong foundation for the transition to democratic governance in Tanzania.  }K- d(#Background: Democratic governance (DG) issues lie at the heart of the Tanzanian development  d(#problem. Tanzania requires a government which manages resources well and transparently, and which  d(#Lcan harness the energies of individuals, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the private sector  d(#0to use the tremendous natural resources of the country wisely and effectively. The new Mkapa  d(#government must overcome a heavy legacy of corruption, economic mismanagement and oneparty  d(#socialist thinking to achieve these goals. USAID/Tanzania's Strategic Objective 4 will assist the Government of Tanzania (GOT) in overcoming these constraints.  }K- d(#USAID Role and Achievements to Date: This is a new strategic objective that encompasses a new  d(#project as well as other activities. While the Mission did not previously have a specific DG strategic  d(#objective, USAID has been active in this area for several years. In the legal sector, USAID has  d(#Mstrengthened the judiciary by assisting in the institution of alternative dispute resolution. The Mission  d(#has also worked to upgrade the quality of auditing and accounting, in both the public and private  d(#sectors. Finally, the provision of international election observers by USAID enhanced the transparency  d(#of Tanzania's first multiparty national elections. The final report issued by these observers will be useful in improving subsequent elections held at all levels of government.  }K- d(#mDescription: To achieve this objective, assistance will be directed toward: 1) improving media  d(#responsiveness and responsibility, 2) enabling the legal system to serve the public interest effectively  d(#and transparently, 3) increasing citizens' understanding and application of DG principles, 4) improving  d(#^GOT transparency and accountability, and 5) helping political institutions to better perform key  d(#representative functions. Specific activities include: 1) media workshops such as the legal system,  d(#economics, and the rights of journalists, 2) training the judiciary, attorneys and law students in  d(#/alternative dispute resolution as a means of improving access to justice, 3) working with indigenous  d(#!nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and associations to improve their outreach capacity, 4)  d(#developing a democracy unit as part of a civic education course to be used in secondary schools, and  d(#5) strengthening the audit capabilities of the Controller Auditor General. Funding for many of the  d(#kactivities is channeled through the United States Information Service (USIS) in Dar es Salaam under a  d(#.collaborative effort to utilize the strengths of the U.S. Mission to Tanzania in those areas. USAID works  d(#directly with the Controller Auditor General, and the associationbuilding activities will be administered  d(#Nby USAID. For instance, locallevel natural resources associations will be targeted by one of the Mission's environmental activities.  }K!- d(#NHost Country and Other Donors: Major donors active in DG include a World Bankled consortium,  d(#United Kingdom (UK), Canada, the Nordic countries) working on the legal and financial systems.  d(#Donors are also active in women's development (most notably the Netherlands), improving the capacity  d(# of the law school (the UK), and the media (the UK, German NGOs, African NGOs). USAID/Tanzania  d(#regularly meets with these and other donors involved in DG to share information and to collaborate on  d(#implementation. These meetings may be informal (meeting with a donor agency representative) or  d(#Mformal (the monthly Women in Development meetings attended by all donors active in that area). The  d(#host country contribution is inkind, provided through GOT assistance in the design and implementation  d(#of various activities. For example, there were several meetings with representatives of the Ministry of  d(#kEducation and the Institute for Education to discuss the design of the civic education activity, and we  d(#/will continue to require their assistance during implementation. Additionally, judges and registrars of"h) 0*0*0*z+D"  d(#Nmany courts around the country have been consulted frequently in the development of training in  d(#zalternative dispute resolution, and they will continue to be consulted as the training occurs. The GOT will also donate office space as needed.  }K - d(#Beneficiaries: Democratic governance is achieved when decisions are transparent and are made through  d(#some form of a democratic process, and where those in power are held accountable through free and  d(#fair elections. A significant part of democratic governance is civil society, which incorporates the idea  d(#{of citizen participation. Thus, the beneficiaries of the establishment of a strong foundation for the transition to democratic governance in Tanzania include all Tanzanians.  }K- d(#Principal Contractors: Through a Participating Agency Service Agreement, USIS will implement several of the activities under this SO, as noted above.  }K( - d(#@Major Results Indicators: With the exception of the Controller Audit General activity, Strategic  d(#\Objective Four is composed of new activities and has not yet been implemented fully. The Mission is currently in the process of developing impact indicators.  }KH -Indicator (baseline year):  }K-` `  hhCqBaselineppTargets  }K-Percent eligible citizens registered to vote,q 81 (1995)ppTBD (2000)  }K-national elections hhCq  }Kh-Percent registered voters voting, national q 75 (1995)ppTBD (2000) elections  }K-Disputes resolved by ADR as % of casesq 0 (1994)ppTBD (1997) settled  }K-Reduced % spoiled votes, local/national q 5 (1994/5)ppTBD (1997)  }KP-Reduced number electoral petitions filed,q127 (1995)ppTBD (2000) national elections