WPCYA 2> BN@ZArial (TT)#|x'J2PQP"5@^//;\\o 77Aa/7//\\\\\\\\\\//aaa\ooxxofx/To\xoxofxooof///N\7\\T\\/\\%%T%\\\\7T/\TxTTT8+8a/7777BE7\fo\o\o\o\o\xTo\o\o\o\////////x\\\\\x\x\x\x\oTo\x\f\oTx\o\o\o\o\xTxTxTo\o\o\\\\\x\x\Bf7f77/fToT\%\Ex\x\\x7xEoToTN:/Z\7f\\\\\==\7{{\7%%77\77\\%777t7[[[[aee*B`a-wS\\n[Cfx`xWkRx[\[ceIfIs`Wx[rriwhe}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}//;\\o 77Aa/7//\\\\\\\\\\//aaa\ooxxofx/To\xoxofxooof///N\7\\T\\/\\%%T%\\\\7T/\TxTTT8+8a}}}%\7\\7o7}}}}%%77:\7T7}}o/7\\\\+\7{=\a7{\B[777`Z/77=\fooooooxoooo////xxaxxxxoof\\\\\\T\\\\////\\\\\\\[f\\\\T\HP LaserJet Series IItional)nal)HPLASEII.WRShxP7,h PP2pp@ Z#|x'"5@^//;\\o 77Aa/7//\\\\\\\\\\//aaa\ooxxofx/To\xoxofxooof///N\7\\T\\/\\%%T%\\\\7T/\TxTTT8+8a/7777BE7\fo\o\o\o\o\xTo\o\o\o\////////x\\\\\x\x\x\x\oTo\x\f\oTx\o\o\o\o\xTxTxTo\o\o\\\\\x\x\Bf7f77/fToT\%\Ex\x\\x7xEoToTN:/Z\7f\\\\\==\7{{\7%%77\77\\%777t7[[[[aee*B`a-wS\\n[Cfx`xWkRx[\[ceIfIs`Wx[rriwhe}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}//;\\o 77Aa/7//\\\\\\\\\\//aaa\ooxxofx/To\xoxofxooof///N\7\\T\\/\\%%T%\\\\7T/\TxTTT8+8a}}}%\7\\7o7}}}}%%77:\7T7}}o/7\\\\+\7{=\a7{\B[777`Z/77=\fooooooxoooo////xxaxxxxoof\\\\\\T\\\\////\\\\\\\[f\\\\T\HP LaserJet Series IItional)nal)HPLASEII.WRSx  @,h PX@2 Lvd p kJ      8 X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:C,;C;C;,CC%%C%hCCCC,4%CC`CC;@@H!,,,,57,CC`;`;`;`;`;wYY;R;R;R;R;,%,%,%,%`C`C`C`C`C`C`C`C`C`C`;`C`C`C`C`CJC`C`;`;Y;Y;Y;R;R;R;`C`C``C`C`C`C5C,C,,,C4`CR%R7`C`C`Cw`Y,Y7J4J4N/!C,;C;C;,CC%%C%hCCCC,4%CC`CC;@@Hhhh,C;CC,J,whhhh,,;;/C,4,`hh`!,CCCCC,e%CK,eC5I((,M?xxx,Xx `QXV~)J8/,1J2PQPU'P8/,=P2p NQW7UC2,PXU4  pQXXa$6,!,m?6\  P6QPYa$9,!,P8r94  pQZK,!,1,,2PQ,PR&HHH,hH6X@DQh@f1XC8,1jXX2PQXP [5(!,1* h52PQhP5@^!,JCCo%,,CL!,!%CCCCCCCCCC,,LLLC|`Y``YRhh4ChY~`hRh```Y,%,NC,CJ;J;,CJ%,J%oJCJJ;4,JC`CC;55F!,,,,57,CJ`C`C`C`C`C``;Y H-   8  #ixP7P#lkSOMALIA ă  H- FY 1997 Development Fund for Africa:p(#t$4,000,000 FY 1997 P.L. 480, Title II:p(#t$2,206,000  ~J -  H- Introduction.  d(#<Only a few years ago, the faces of starving Somali children were flashing nightly on the television screens  d(#across America. The United States boldly responded to this crisis with Operation Restore Hope, which  d(#=began in December 1992. At enormous cost, Operation Restore Hope and its successor United Nations  d(#(UN) operations saved countless lives. For the time being, the images of helpless Somali children have  d(#yfaded from the public view. However, widespread famine conditions and civil disorder in Somalia would  d(#cause another significant refugee crisis and lead to further instability in the Greater Horn area. The United  d(#States has a very strong interest in preventing the return to the situation that existed in Somalia in the early  d(# 1990s, which translates primarily into a humanitarian/food security emphasis. In seeking to promote  d(#regional stability, therefore, the United States has a political rationale for being in Somalia, as well.  d(#Presently, Somalia with its patchwork of factions, warring clans and subclans makes longterm, sustainable development a very difficult proposition.  d(#The relief, rehabilitation, and development assistance activities of the United States and other donors have  d(#zcontributed to major improvements in many Somali communities over the past couple of years. These  d(#efforts have been aided by auspicious levels of rainfall. More recently, rainfall has been less favorable in  d(#some areas and prospects for adequate harvests have declined. Ongoing civil and military strife have also  d(#.exacerbated the situation. Emergency assistance will continue to be required in areas where there are  d(#"pockets of famine." Despite the localized instability and uncertainty, some communities have proven to  d(#be remarkably resilient by demonstrating a thriving private sector as well as the ability to build rudimentary  d(#local administrative structures to handle the responsibilities of local government. The U.S. Government  d(#sees its role in assisting these fledgling structures to develop further in providing services needed by the Somali populace.  Hp- The Development Challenge.  d(#Somalia remains one of the very poorest countries in Africa and in the world. Life expectancy is low and  d(#Zthe estimated per capita gross national product is less than $150 per year. Somalia is a chronic fooddeficit country.  d(#LAs it has been since January 1991, Somalia continues as a failed state, with no central government and  d(#[none likely to emerge in the near future. A proliferation of political factions seek to control their domains,  d(#in many cases, solely for the benefit of their extended family and clan. Any sense of national identity that  d(#may have existed now seems to have been completely subsumed under clan loyalty. Given this highly  d(#fragmented nature of Somali society, perhaps the best hope for success is to work with nascent local  d(#administrations, wherever they develop, and help them to increase their institutional and organizational capacities and work toward replication of "what works" by spreading it into other geographic areas.  d(#kAs one of the most protracted, complex emergencies in the world, Somalia also clearly fits within the  d(#jAgency's Greater Horn of Africa Initiative (GHAI), especially as it relates to crisis prevention and conflict resolution, as well as to the Initiative's goal of food security.  H%- Other Donors.  d(#The European Union's (EU) assistance dwarfs that of any other donor. Since mid1994, the EU has made  d(#zavailable the equivalent of approximately $46 million for project activities which will be fully committed  d(#shortly. In addition, the EU Somalia Unit expects approval to program an additional $61 million which  d(#represents the remaining balance of Lome III funding pledged to the prewar Somalia Government. "h)0*0*0*z+"  d(#The combination of EU and U.S. resources represents approximately 90% of all resource flows going into  d(#jSomalia on an annual basis. On the relief side, the EU's equivalent of USAID's Office of Foreign Disaster  d(#Assistance (OFDA) during FY 1995 committed nearly $7.5 million, only slightly more than the $6.3 million  d(#provided through OFDA. Assistance from other donors is small and falling off; for instance, the United Kingdom (UK) went from $3.2 million in FY 1994 to only $850,000 in FY 1995.  H- FY 1997 Program.  d(#LGiven the prospect that Somalia will likely remain a failed state throughout the 19961997 time frame, the  d(#USAID strategy is, first and foremost, to respond quickly to signs of immediate relief needs before they  d(#develop into fullblown humanitarian crises. For the more secure areas of Somalia, USAID, through its  d(#implementing partners, will help communities in rebuilding their food security structures and health delivery  d(#networks. In addition, USAID will support activities to strengthen those elements of civil society which serve  d(#as counterforces to militia and political/clan alliances; namely local government, the private sector, and the  d(#indigenous nongovernment organizations (NGO) sector. Historically, the United States has contributed vast  d(#sums of assistance to ameliorate famine conditions caused by weather or civil strife. Thus, improving the  d(#ability of fledgling Somali institutions to cope with food security and health problems, and fostering conflict resolution and reconciliation should reduce the need for this assistance in the future.  H- Agency Goal: Providing Humanitarian Assistance  d(#>Five years after the civil war came to Mogadishu, Somalia continues to suffer from a fragile security  d(#\environment and intermittent armed conflict in some areas. More peaceful regions have witnessed a  d(#gradual, if slow, recovery. One USAID objective is to ensure the timely and effective delivery of both relief and rehabilitation assistance which focusses on ensuring adequate food supplies and health care.  ~JP- d(#USAID's efforts seek to enhance food security by increasing agricultural production in the following ways:  d(#expanding land under cultivation, minimizing postharvest losses, rehabilitating water and irrigation  d(#resources, improving seed multiplication practices, providing simple tools, strengthening farmtomarket  d(#linkages and supporting communitybased agricultural extension practices. Food resources in Somalia  d(#kcontribute to food security most effectively when directed toward pockets of vulnerability as well as  d(#rehabilitation activities. Our efforts over the past four years have seen a marked improvement in food  d(#security, enabling the programming of resources to move from primarily relief to primarily rehabilitation. A  d(#number of external factors, however, can cause a temporary movement away from food security gains,  d(#=creating the need for a quick move back into a relief mode. An example is the 19951996 growing year:  d(#(1) the most productive Guseason harvest was well below average due to a failure of rains; (2) two months  d(#lafter the harvest, an invasion of the Bay region, the breadbasket of Somalia, created an insecure  d(#/environment which discouraged planting for the next, shorter Deyrseason among farmers and also  d(#zinterfered with normal marketing channels into and out of this fertile region; and (3) security incidents continue to flare up in both the north and the south of Somalia.  d(#.Given this reality in Somalia, the Title II Emergency Food, administered by World Food Programme (WFP),  d(#must maintain flexibility to address the current and often disparate needs in each region. First, Title II food  d(#=will be targeted at pockets of vulnerability, distributed to those people in immediate need of nourishment.  d(#Second, it will be used to support local initiatives that enhance food security, such as those activities listed  d(#above. Third, it will be monetized and proceeds used to support laborintensive, quickimpact projects  d(#Laimed at relieving nutritional stress and increasing food security through increased agricultural output or improved access to food.  d(#In addition, the Famine Early Warning System III activity will concentrate on the factors that contribute to  d(#food insecurity, including rainfall data, livestock grazing practices, grain prices and export, and commercial food sales. "h)0*0*0*z+"Ԍ d(#WFP is able to maintain the required servicedelivery capability through a countrywide network of offices.  d(#Field staff are able to assess the rehabilitation needs in the different communities and monitor new or  d(#yemerging pockets of vulnerability. Because of the importance of this ontheground network, USAID has  d(#made major contributions to WFP from both Development Fund for Africa (DFA) and OFDA resources.  d(#Through the twoyear DFA grant, WFP has been able to achieve the following rehabilitation outputs: 750  d(#deep wells which provide yearround water to their villages; 650 desilted catchment areas which provide  d(#[water for humans and livestock for six months each year; 160,000 hectares of rainfed land returned to  d(#cultivation; 37,000 hectares of irrigated land returned to cultivation; 60 km of irrigation canals rehabilitated;  d(#90 villages carried out sanitation or soil conservation schemes; 38 hospitals treated 40,000 hospital patients;  d(#97 Maternal Child Health care centers (MCH) served 36,000 outpatients daily; 40,000 hospital patients  d(#.received cooked meals that promoted the curative process; 85,000 school children received a meal that  d(#promoted learning; 450 schools provided primary education to 85,000 students; and 28,000 demobilized militia received skills training. , Strategic Objective 1: Effective Delivery of Relief and Rehabilitation Assistance in the Priority Sectors of Food Security and Health  HH -  Agency Goal: Stabilizing World Population and Protecting Human Health  d(#Child survival has always been a major problem in Somalia. Mortality figures for children under the age of  d(#five were recorded as 211 per 1,000 in 1992, the twelfth highest in the world. In the absence of a  d(#functioning health care delivery system, children and mothers are often unable to obtain even the most  d(#basic health services. Common ailments, such as diarrhea and respiratory infections, which under normal  d(#circumstances could be easily treated, regularly claim lives. The nutritional status of vulnerable groups remains precarious.  d(#jUSAID is providing assistance to the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) in order to maintain a basic  d(#network of primary health care services across the country. With an emphasis on maternal and child  d(#.health care, nutritional surveillance, and health education, UNICEF aims to reduce mortality and morbidity  d(#among target groups. Increasing attention is being paid to the training of communitybased health workers  d(#and traditional birth attendants in order that basic services are available to rural populations. In addition to  d(#ktraining, provision of drug kits, vaccines, and nutrition supplements are also important components of UNICEF's network of primary health care delivery. , Strategic Objective 1: Effective Delivery of Relief and Rehabilitation Assistance in the Priority Sectors of Food Security and Health  H- Agency Goal: Building Democracy  d(#There will never be food security in Somalia without peace and stability. Therefore, the need to assist  d(#Kconflict resolution and reconciliation is critical to Somalia's peaceful future. Even though there is no national  d(#government, there are abundant opportunities to foster reconciliation at the grassroots level by supporting  d(#local administrative structures, increasing employment possibilities, and supporting indigenous NGOs. This is most compatible with the Agency's objective of democracy building.  d(#\SO 2 activities support a dozen indigenous NGOs in the areas of health, agriculture, and employment  d(#generation. In addition, the central feature of this project is strengthening the institutional capacity of these  d(#.local groups. This project has also developed a strong training unit through which indigenous NGO sub d(#?grantees receive intensive instruction in financial management, administration, and organizational  d(#\development. Through increased institutional capacity, these indigenous NGOs are prepared to make important contributions to the rehabilitation and long term development of their country.  d(#USAID has been particularly impressed with the vibrancy of the Somalia private sector and the willingness  d(#of businessmen to work across clan/faction lines. Accordingly, in addition to continuing support to the"h)0*0*0*z+"  d(#Somalia NGO community, future support by USAID will consider assistance to the small/mediumsized private sector.  d(#In addition, USAID/Somalia is working with the United Nations Development Office for Somalia on a pilot  d(#project involving local administrations. To date, several studies have been undertaken to determine the  d(#strengths and weaknesses of specific, identified local administrations. Now, with this groundwork having been accomplished, the next phase will be to begin the work of capacity building. , Strategic Objective 2: Rebuild Effective Local Capacity in Government, in the Private Sector, and in the Independent NGO Sectors "( 0*0*0* "  X-  #ixP7P#j#Xz_ p^7X#SOMALIA -FY 1997 PROGRAM SUMMARY h ddx !ddx8HZ h    &&   aEc#O P7?P# J  { Encouraging  Broadbased Economic  Growth   aE 3TAStabilizing#O P7?P#у TJWorld Population ?TBGrowth & BT@Protecting TFHuman TGHealth  Protecting the Environment  Building Democracy  W^Providing Humanitarian A^Assistance   aEQ_ f TOTALS ă   &&   aE  USAID Strategic  aE Objectives g  g  g  g  g  g     & &  1. Effective Delivery of Relief and Rehabilitation Assistance in the Priority Sectors of Food Security and Health Dev. Fund for Africa P.L. 480, Title IIy    2,500,000y   `uH1,000,000 y   y   y   `%2,206,000y   `"w3,500,000 `"w2,206,000  g  & &  2. Rebuild Effective Local Capacity in Government in the Private Sector and in the Independent NGO Sectors Dev. Fund for Africa?  ?  ?  ?  `S500,000? ?  `U "~500,000   y &&   aE Totals Dev. Fund for Africa P.L. 480, Title II  2,500,000 `m `uH1,000,000     `S500,000  `%2,206,000  `"w4,000,000 `"w2,206,000  ? xxX(#(#xxX(#(#xxX(#(#xxX(#(# ~J'-`(##J2PQP#USAID Representative: Ronald Ullrich "+++8" #J2PQP#IOACTIVITY DATA SHEET  J- PROGRAM : SOMALIA  JZ- d(#< TITLE AND NUMBER : Effective Delivery of Relief and Rehabilitation Assistance in the Priority Sectors of Food Security and Health, 649S001.  J- STATUS : Continuing  J- PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE : FY 1996: $3,500,000 DFA, $2,206,000 P.L. 480, Title II  JH- INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1995; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE : FY 1999  ~J- d(#Purpose: To improve food security, increase access to and improve the quality of health and nutrition  d(#jservices, and enhance rehabilitation and recovery efforts to meet basic human needs in Somalia as well as provide institutional development of indigenous nongovernment organizations (NGOs).  ~J - d(#LBackground: Somalia has been without a government since the ouster of Siad Barre's dictatorial regime  d(#<in January 1991. For the past five years, the Somali people have suffered through clan warfare, population  d(#jdisplacement, complete breakdown of infrastructure, limited employment opportunities, and lack of social  d(#services. For hundreds of thousands of Somalis, household food security is precarious and the health and  d(#nutrition status among vulnerable groups is poor. Food security in Somalia has been problematic due to  d(#ythe absence of a central government, insecurity, and periodic drought. USAID's activity aims at building a  d(#solid foundation for food selfsufficiency from the bottom up, enabling Somalis to adapt more readily to  d(#Lfluctuations in food supply and to the influx of Internally Displaced Peoples (IDPs) and demobilized militia.  d(#<Furthermore, the prolonged civil war in Somalia also had a devastating impact on the health delivery system  d(#/in Somalia. Mortality and morbidity are among the highest in the world. United Nations Children Fund  d(#(UNICEF), with USAID assistance, has been instrumental in reestablishing critical health care services to children and women in Somalia.  ~J"- d(#USAID Role and Achievements to Date: USAID resources support expansion of land under cultivation,  d(#Krehabilitation of irrigation and other essential water delivery mechanisms, improved transportation/marketing  d(#on rural feeder roads, and strengthening of health and education facilities. Agricultural production has  d(#reached prewar levels of basic cereals; a network of schools and health facilities have been maintained  d(#.during the life of the program; 70,000 internally displaced or vulnerable people were integrated into their  d(#home communities; and 50% of demobilized militia who received training found work using their new skills.  d(#To date, Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere (CARE) has awarded 20 subgrants, of which 10 have  d(#gone to local NGOs, totaling just over $5 million for projects in 14 of Somalia's 18 regions. Projects are  d(#divided between primary health care service delivery (24%), agricultural support and water facility  d(#=rehabilitation (28%), and employment/income generation (48%). Standards have improved considerably  d(#in the network of UNICEF supported health facilities. The Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) has  d(#had broad outreach and is expanding. Mortality and morbidity is declining among vulnerable groups.  d(#jStandards of clinic staff and health professionals have measurably improved technical and management skills. Supply of essential drugs has continued.  ~J - d(#Description: With USAID support, UNICEF will continue its efforts to strengthen health facilities through  d(#the provision of staff training and equipment to MCH centers, and health posts. In addition, UNICEF will  d(#improve the capacity of health professionals to deliver health care according to acceptable standards.  d(#UNICEF will also strengthen Somali health staff capacity to manage an effective EPI program that increases  d(#the coverage of the high risk populations in Somalia. Subgrants in the area of health focus on  d(#preventative, rather than curative, communitylevel primary health care services. Activities include the  d(#xestablishment of village health posts and maternal/child health centers, training of community health workers  d(#and traditional birth attendants, child survival interventions, and health education. Subgrants in the areas  d(#of agriculture and water aim to increase selfsufficiency in basic food production and to strengthen the  d(#livestock sector. Training is provided in improved farming techniques and animal health. Water sources are  d(#rehabilitated for both human and animal consumption and irrigation canals are rehabilitated to increase  d(#agricultural production. In the area of employment generation, activities will focus on quickimpact goals  d(#Kwhich generate economic opportunities targeting women and youth, particularly in urban areas. In addition,":*+++L,8"  d(#the World Food Program (WFP) supports communityinitiated activities that: (1) enable displaced people  d(#who have returned to their home villages to reestablish a productive and selfsufficient life by increasing  d(#-availability of and access to water for agricultural and household purposes, improving road access to rural  d(#agriculture areas, and increasing food availability through the rehabilitation of agricultural land; (2) maintain  d(#curative health care services by supporting hospital referral system for Community Health Workers (CHW)  d(#and reducing recovery time for hospital inpatients; (3) contribute to the rehabilitation of primary education  d(#by supporting continued primary school instruction and increasing the capacity of school children to learn;  d(#.and (4) contribute to the integration of demobilized militia by supporting vocational training programs and  d(#increasing participation in skills training activities. WFP implements activities at the community level,  d(#Zbuilding local capabilities through increased community participation and input. Through efforts at community  d(#\prioritization of programs and increased community contribution of local resources, with concomitant  d(#kdecreases of WFP inputs, and local cost recovery schemes, communities will be able to continue the productive activities aimed at their own food selfsufficiency.  ~J - d(#Host Country and Other Donors: No host country government exists. USAID is the sole donor for most  d(#of the activities in Somalia. UNICEF works in partnership with and the support of most local and  d(#international NGOs active in the health services sector. Governments of Japan, France, and Italy provide both monetary and food resources towards the implementation of rehabilitation and development activities.  ~J-  ~J- d(#Beneficiaries: Beneficiaries include approximately 1.5 million women and children and other vulnerable  d(#groups in the central and southern zones of Somalia. Increased productive activity by rehabilitating physical  d(#and social infrastructure and by integrating demobilized militia into civil society will have a longterm  d(#Ldevelopmental impact on all Somalis by supporting and strengthening community structures that promote  d(#<increased social cohesion. Target populations include children under the age of five, pregnant and lactating women, the elderly and handicapped, war wounded, displaced families, orphans, and the unemployed.  ~J-  ~JP- d(#Principal Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: USAID implements these activities through WFP, CARE, and the United Nations Children's Fund.  ~J- d(#Major Results Indicators: Due to the complete breakdown of civil society and looting/destruction of all  d(#zgovernment resource centers, accurate and comprehensive baseline data for Somalia is unavailable.  d(#International agencies are attempting to recreate data banks and have been compiling statistics, albeit on a rather ad hoc basic, since the Somali government's disintegration in early 1991. " hp x (#8  ~J-Major Results Indicators: hhC  ~JX- hhCBaseline`X J<ԍ#J2PQP#To be determined.`  )TargetXcl  ~J -Integrating internally displaced or vulnerableTBDpp  )TBD  ~J-into their home communities hhC  ~J-Increase agricultural production hhCTBDpp  )TBD  ~Jx- hp x (# hp (#Maintain schools and health facilitieshhCqTBDpp  )TBD  ~J@-Demobilized militia receiving training find workqTBD pp  )TBD using their new skills  ~J -Improved health and nutrition among targeted qTBDpp  )TBD groups  ~J`"-Standards for health activities and hhCqTBDpp  )TBD performance established and adhered to in health facilities  ~J$-Standardized format for data collection hhCqTBD pp  )TBD and reporting is instituted and followed. "%+++o'8" IOACTIVITY DATA SHEET  J- PROGRAM: SOMALIA  JZ- d(# TITLE AND NUMBER : Rebuild Effective Local Capacity in Government, in the Private Sector, and in the Independent NGO Sectors, 649S002.  J- STATUS : Continuing  J- PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE : FY 1997: $500,000 DFA  J- INITIAL OBLIGATION : FY 1995; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE : FY 1999  ~J- d(# hp (# hux(#Purpose: To establish a development planning mechanism for Somalia, which will contribute to its longterm rehabilitation, and sustainable and equitable development.  ~Jj - d(#iBackground: Since January 1991, Somalia continues as a failed state, with no central government and none  d(#likely to emerge in the near future. A proliferation of political factions seek to control their domains, in many  d(#!cases, solely for the benefit of their extended family and clan. In the likely absence of a national  d(#government for the foreseeable future, USAID believes that this activity to strengthen local administrative  d(#Zstructures (LAS) is of the utmost importance in moving Somalis towards greater selfreliance and improving the means of preventing conflict.  ~J- d(#USAID Role and Achievements to Date: Despite the localized instability and uncertainty, some communities  d(#have proven to be remarkably resilient. In these cases, the private sector is thriving and they are building  d(#Lrudimentary local governments. Given the highly fragmented nature of Somali society, the best hope for  d(#success is to work with these nascent institutions to develop their capacity to provide needed services in  d(#-those communities. Assessments have been completed to identify areas for capacitybuilding for the LAS. Training for LAS has already began.  ~JZ- d(#Description: USAID will assist the United Nations Development Office of Somalia (UNDOS) to carry out  d(#work with LAS in supporting a program of technical assistance and training in select districts/regions in such administrative areas as taxation, finance and public administration.  ~Jz- d(#Host Country and Other Donors: Obviously, there has been little host country involvement, to date.  d(#However, specific local communities have been actively involved. United Nations Development Programme, the European Union, and Italy have been the principal donors.  ~J- d(#Beneficiaries: Somalia administrators at the local level, plus thousands of Somali citizens who will benefit from improved regional and municipal services.  ~J- d(#Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: USAID implements activities through UN Agencies: UNDP and UNDOS.  ~JJ- hux(# hp xMajor Results Indicators:  ~J - hhCqBaselinec  Jj"<ԍ #J2PQP#To be determined. cppTarget c   ~J -Regional assessments conducted.hhCqCompleted (1995) Completed (1995)  ~J!-Regional training activities in local qTBD TBD  ) administration conducted.  ~J2#-Computer data bases established qTBD TBD  ) with updates continuing.