џWPC‘) ћџ2GЋB ZэЮG2 NIGERIA Stella A. J. GoingsStella A. J. GoingsџЫ џXєx Œ @ЩЧ;X@Default ParaјШ6ї/Default Paragraph Font('вШљ*'аШЏ2&„'-цШE;;б#єx Œ @ЩЧ;X@#бггггггггб#Тd Œ @ЩЧ;є@#бtoc 1&„'-јШ6ї/toc 1Ш ЗD_$ТШ=('D…'- вШљ*'аШЏ2&„'-цШEђшааааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџАќ!(#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџBААааггггггггааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ` И hРpШ xа (#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааћџ2A 2y2Ћ2н2 toc 2&„'-јШ6ї/toc 2Ш ЗD_$ТШ=('D…'- вШљ*'аШЏ2&„'-цШEђшааааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ` ќ!(#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџBААааггггггггааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ` И hРpШ xа (#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааtoc 3&„'-јШ6ї/toc 3Ш ЗD_$ТШ=('D…'- вШљ*'аШЏ2&„'-цШEђшааааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ` И ќ!(#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ ААааггггггггааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ` И hРpШ xа (#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааtoc 4&„'- јШ6ї/toc 4Ш ЗD_$ТШ=('D…'- вШљ*'аШЏ2&„'-цШEђ ш ааааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџИ ќ!(#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ ААааггггггггааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ` И hРpШ xа (#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааtoc 5&„'- јШ6ї/toc 5Ш ЗD_$ТШ=('D…'- вШљ*'аШЏ2&„'-цШEђ ш ааааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџhќ!(#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ ААааггггггггааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ` И hРpШ xа (#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааћџ2“2s ŠЅ 2/ 2atoc 6&„'- јШ6ї/toc 6Ш ЗD_$ТШ=('D…'- вШљ*'аШЏ2&„'-цШEђ шааааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџАќ!(#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааггггггггааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ` И hРpШ xа (#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааtoc 7&„'- јШ6ї/toc 7Ш ЗD_$ТШ=('D…'- вШљ*'аШЏ2&„'-цШEааггггггггtoc 8&„'- јШ6ї/toc 8Ш ЗD_$ТШ=('D…'- вШљ*'аШЏ2&„'-цШE ђшааааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџАќ!(#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааггггггггааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ` И hРpШ xа (#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааtoc 9&„'-јШ6ї/toc 9Ш ЗD_$ТШ=('D…'- вШљ*'аШЏ2&„'-цШE ђшааааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџАќ!(#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџBААааггггггггааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ` И hРpШ xа (#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааћџ23 2Х 2ї 2)и[index 1'-јШ6ї/index 1Ш ЗD_$ТШ=('D…'- вШљ*'аШЏ2&„'-цШE ђшааааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџА` ќ!(#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ ААааггггггггааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ` И hРpШ xа (#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааindex 2'-јШ6ї/index 2Ш ЗD_$ТШ=('D…'- вШљ*'аШЏ2&„'-цШE ђшааааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ` ќ!(#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџBААааггггггггааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ` И hРpШ xа (#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааtoaЏ2&„'-јШ6ї/toaюШ ЗD_$ТШ=('D…'- вШљ*'аШЏ2&„'-цШE ђшааааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџАќ!(#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ ААааггггггггааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ` И hРpШ xа (#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааcaption'-јШ6ї/captionШ ЗD_$ТШ=('D…'- вШљ*'аШЏ2&„'-цШEE;ааб#єx Œ @ЩЧ;X@#бггггггггб#Тd Œ @ЩЧ;є@#бћџ2Ш!Юe232e1—!_Equation CaјШ6ї/_Equation Caption'D…'- вШљ*'аШЏ2&„'-цШE;;б#єx Œ @ЩЧ;X@#бггггггггб#Тd Œ @ЩЧ;є@#бheader„'-јШ6ї/headerШ ЗD_$ТШ=('D…'- вШљ*'аШЏ2&„'-цШEђш ааааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџАРа (#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ ААааггггггггааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ` И hРpШ xа (#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааfooter„'-јШ6ї/footerШ ЗD_$ТШ=('D…'- вШљ*'аШЏ2&„'-цШEђ!ш"ааааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџАРа (#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ ААааггггггггааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ` И hРpШ xа (#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааб#Тd Œ @ЩЧ;є@#бааћџ2U)0[њ!џџџџџџЋєx Œ @ЩЧ;X@< Œ 9€`("Courier 10cpiXєx Œ @ЩЧ;X@< Œ 9€`("Courier 10cpiXТd Œ @ЩЧ;є@< Œ 9€`("Courier 12cpiєєx Œ @ЩЧ;X@< Œ 9€`("Courier 10cpiXТd Œ @ЩЧ;є@< Œ 9€`("Courier 12cpiєєx Œ @ЩЧ;X@< Œ 9€`("Courier 10cpiXТd Œ @ЩЧ;є@< Œ 9€`("Courier 12cpiєТd Œ @ЩЧ;є@< Œ 9€`("Courier 12cpiєєixа№P7ћєP,xа№A€`&Univers (Scalable)єTxа№P 7ћP,xа№A€`&Univers (Scalable)єixа№P 7ћєP,xа№A€`&Univers (Scalable)єћџ2‡))#|dб#єixа№P7ћєP#бггСрЂь'СУ УNIGERIAФ Фƒ У У FY 1997 Development Fund for Africa: $7,500,000 Ф Ф У УIntroduction.Ф Ф Sustainable development in Nigeria is in the vital interest of the United States because of the size and economic activity of its population and NigeriaРРs demonstrated and potential impact on the stability of other West African countries. This is given further weight by the political necessity of maintaining order in this major oilЉproducing country and commercial hub whose economy and population movements influence the entire subЉSahel region. The United States also has major business interests in Nigeria. Nigeria is subЉSaharan AfricaРРs most populous nation (exceeding 100 million) and is growing at an estimated 2.8% annually ЉЉ a rate of increase that threatens to undermine its economic development and the stability of the entire region. Nigeria has been a military dictatorship for 30 of its 35 years, having briefly experimented with democracy In 1979, 1983 and again in 1993. The country has been "decertified" by the President for each of the last three years for nonЉcooperation with United States antiЉnarcotics programs. The current military dictatorship has attracted worldwide condemnation for its disregard of the electoral will of its citizenry, as well as its record of human and civil rights abuses. The current regime has made little demonstrable progress toward returning the country to democratic rule, leading to increasing and potentially widespread civil unrest. The nationРРs traditionally energetic nonЉgovernmental sector, led by beleaguered proЉdemocracy organizations and the private mass media, is the single most important dissenting civil voice. USAID/NigeriaРРs exclusively nongovernmental program supports basic health care delivery to the poorest Nigerians, and the strengthening of civil societyРРs contribution to democratic participation and respect for civil rights. USAID plans to close its office in Nigeria within the next two years. A joint USAID/STATE review of future programming will take place in late FY 1996. У УУУ ФФThe Development ChallengeФ Ф. Nigeria is one of the worldРРs most troubled countries. Its huge population, while still predominantly rural, has shifted away from being agricultural and has rapidly urbanized in the last two decades. Nigeria now has areas of untenably high urban density in the Southwest, Southeast and NorthЉcentral states ЉЉ concentrations of primarily urban poor living in circumstances that enhance the tensions of class, tribal, ethnic and religious differences. It is these unreconciled differences, in a declining and corrupt economy, that fuel persistent conflict ЉЉ erupting with increasing frequency in urban settings. The competition to control oil, in this context of unresolved differences, has compromised development. These internal conflicts now threaten the integrity of the nation. NigeriaРРs economy has been in a downward spiral for two decades. The per capita gross domestic product (GDP) has declined from a high of $1,000 in the midЉ1980РРs to an estimated $285 today. Since January 1993, the inflation rate has spiraled upward from 22% annually to 87% today, and the consumer price index, fixed at 100 in 1985, is now near 2000. NigeriaРРs health and social sector services deteriorated in the midst of the political crisis following the 1993 election annulment. The plight of NigeriaРРs vulnerable women and children has worsened. Malnutrition is now commonplace, infant and maternal mortality rates continue among the highest in the world, and immunization coverage has declined to below 30%. NigeriaРРs governance crisis has a human cost. The repressive military regime threatens the very fabric of Nigerian society. Proscriptions, imprisonment, harassment and intimidation are routinely used to frighten and chill the press, labor unions, political and human rights activists ЉЉ indeed, many who would speak on behalf of civil society. Through community programs of civil education, alternative social service delivery, and human rights awareness, legitimate Nigerian nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are attempting to build the confidence and competence of Nigerian communities as well as providing needed avenues of expression and social services. They are NigeriaРРs best hope for catalyzing solutions to its national predicament. The allЉprivateЉsector USAID/Nigeria program, while continuing to support basic health and child survival services, is now building on its extensive NGO partnerships to fully engage in strengthening NigeriaРРs civil society contribution to democratic participation and respect for human and civil rights. ŒУ УOther Donors.Ф Ф USAID and the donor community have catalyzed and are building on the ascendancy of the NGOs working at the community level. The military regime and its supporters' lack of political resolve to meet essential social needs created an unprecedented opportunity for NGO development. The United States is the largest bilateral partner in health. Germany, Israel, the United Kingdom and the European Community have smaller programs. Like the U.S. Government, all of these bilateral donors are reviewing both the size and funding levels for their programs. Most have followed the U.S. lead and are limiting their work to the social sectors and to NGOs. Other major contributors include the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the United Nations agencies (UNICEF, UNFPA and UNDP), the Ford Foundation, the Carter Center (Global 2000) and the African Development Bank. Many donors have worked sporadically in Democracy/Governance (DG) programs but there is now a stated commitment to go further. In this effort, the British, Canadians and the Ford Foundation are our natural partners. У УFY 1997 Program. Ф Ф USAID/NigeriaРРs program strategy responds to prevailing conditions in Nigeria and supports the U.S. policy of pressured engagement and selective sanctions. Through its unifying subgoal of community mobilization, the program addresses both the dire need for essential health care services and the need to strengthen civil societyРРs contribution to democratic participation. Sustainable integrated health care delivery is effected through an activity in improved maternal and child health practices. USAID and State will conduct an assessment review at the end of FY 1996 to determine if family planning services and HIV/AIDS prevention activities will continue to be funded in FY 1997, based on the degree of progress toward improving the political environment and prospects for program sustainability. A second effort in democracy governance is a platform for strengthening democratic participation and respect for human and civil rights. It focuses support on the more politicized elements of civil society, as well as on community mobilization of NGOs including women's decision making and empowerment. The USAID\Nigeria program is part of a U.S. policy of preventive diplomacy that recognizes NigeriaРРs strategic importance as an oil producer, major population concentration and regional military power. It directly addresses the factors limiting development: first, an exploding population that outstrips national resources and second, extraordinary high infant, child and maternal mortality. By assisting NGOs to provide essential health services such as immunizations, control of diarrhea, and maternal health services, the life prospects for Nigerians are improved and population growth is reduced. Of paramount importance is the role of NigeriaРРs historically influential civil society. NigeriaРРs NGOs and independent press remain committed to democratic participation and respect for human rights. They also remain committed to a transition to democracy and are strategically positioned to assist in civic and electoral education, and election monitoring if and when NigeriaРРs stated electoral transition process becomes credible. They look to the U.S. Government for moral and material support. У УAgency Goal: Stabilizing World Population Growth And Protecting Human Health Ф Ф The major constraints to program implementation are the size and diversity of NigeriaРРs population and the logistic requirements in a country of this size. For child survival, a major constraint is the unwillingness of the military regime to reliably provide child immunizations and basic health care for those most vulnerable. Given these facts, the program has, nevertheless, made substantial gains through consolidation of its NGO relationships and completion of a comprehensive baseline assessment. РР Strategic Objective 1: Improved Maternal and Child Health Practices У УAgency Goal: Building DemocracyФ Ф Since independence, Nigeria has struggled with nation building. Deeply inhibited by its political and cultural legacy as well as the fault lines of class, ethnic and religious difference, Nigeria has allowed its military to dominate for 30 of its 35 years, and now its very national integrity is threatened. Many Nigerians are committed to genuine democratic participation and are prepared to actively advance that agenda ЉЉ even in the face of a hostile government. These elements of civil society ЉЉ notably Democracy/Governance (DG) NGOs and the independent media (but others as well) ЉЉ are the best hope for Nigeria today. Community mobilization and civic education to bring pressure for democratic participation and respect for civil rights is an appropriate USAID strategy. There are two primary constraints to DG activities. First, there is significant factionalization. Second, there is the danger of continued or increased government harassment and attempts at suppression ЉЉ a fact that is recognized but has not deterred most of our potential partner NGOs. Early efforts include: A survey of potential community based DG activities beyond the "Big 6РР organizations currently receiving DG assistance; Nigerian women supported and educated through participation in international meetings; First Nigerian WomenРРs Political Empowerment Р РbrainstormingРР sessions held; вŒ""""""""џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџŒвNGO support for expanded USAID role in DG; Advocacy/lobbying sessions for community mobilization groups. РР Strategic Objective 2:ТИ И И ТStrengthened Civil Society Contribution to Democratic Participation and Respect for Civil Rights СрЂь'СУ УNIGERIAƒ Ср_ь СFY 1997 PROGRAM SUMMARYƒ ааааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџА` И hРpШ xа (#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААаай 2 йФ Ф в | VZZVd8ttt„Р@@@@@@@ VZZVd8ttt„Р@@@@@@@| вм*šŽ šŽ *мммааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџАџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааб#Txа№P 7ћP#бй й USAID Strategic Objectivesмм Encouraging Economic GrowthммStabilizing Population Growth and Protecting Human Health мм Protecting the Environmentмм Building Democracyмм Providing HumanЉitarian Assistance.мм Totalм*@Ž @Ž *ммм1: Increased Nigerian NGO capacity to deliver integrated health care Љ Dev. Fund for Africa ммаамм аа4,300,000мммммммм аа 4,300,000м*œŽ       œŽ       *ммм 2: Strengthened Civil Society, Contribution to Democratic Participation and Respect for Civil Rights. Љ Dev. Fund for Africaмммммммм аа 3,200,000мммм аа 3,200,000 м*ИŽ       ИŽ       *мммTotals. Љ Dev. Fund for Africaммммаа 4,300,000ммммаа 3,200,000ммммаа 7,500,000 мм ааУУUSAID Mission Director: Stephen SpielmanФФаа Ср•ь#Сб#єixа№P 7ћєP#бACTIVITY DATA SHEETƒ У У PROGRAMФ Ф: NIGERIA У УTITLE AND NUMBER: Ф Ф Improved Maternal and Child Health practices, 620ЉSO01У У STATUS: Ф Ф Continuing У УPROPOSED OBLIGATION:Ф Ф $4,300,000 DFA У УINITIAL OBLIGATION:Ф Ф FY 1995; У УESTIMATED COMPLETION DATEФ Ф: FY 2000 УУPurposeФФ: To promote a healthier and more productive society through the provision of integrated maternal and child health services through sustainable, community level nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). УУBackgroundФФ: Rates of infant, child and maternal morbidity and mortality are high in Nigeria. Public sector services are extremely limited. This program works with Nigerian NGOs to enhance their capacity to deliver and sustain integrated health care delivery services. The program recognizes the link between the health of mothers and their children and includes an emphasis on women. УУUSAID Role and Achievements to DateФФ: NGOs are provided with training, institutional development and technical assistance to assure the delivery of quality services for the care of sick children, maternal child health services, immunizations, malaria control and oral rehydration therapy. USAID has led other donor efforts in the development of private sector (voluntary and commercial) alternatives to deliver support through umbrella organizations in USAID focus states. УУDescriptions:ФФ USAID supports the delivery of child and maternal health services as a component of an integrated health care package. Implementing U.S. Cooperating Agencies (CAs) and their Nigerian NGO partners work in geographic focus areas in the Northwest, Southeast and Southwestern states. Activities target reducing the infant, child and maternal mortality rates by promoting immunizations, use of oral rehydration therapy for diarrhea treatment, malaria control and appropriate home based treatment of the sick child. The improved participation of women in decision making, NGO capacity development and enhanced organizational sustainability are crossЉcutting strategies. УУHost Country and Other Donors:ФФ The United Nations Childrens Fund provides a broad range of infant, child and maternal health inputs through the public sector. Their Bamako Initiative Project (a collaborative project with the British Overseas Development Agency) focuses on support at the local level. Substantial vaccine contributions have been made by Japan and Germany, and the Israeli government supports an exchange program for health management training. УУBeneficiaries:ФФ Infants, children under the age of 5 years and their mothers. USAIDЉsupported programs target 14 focus states with a total estimated population of 55 million. УУPrincipal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies:ФФ USAID implements activities through a participating agency service agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and U.S. Cooperating Agencies (CAs) who work in turn with Nigerian NGOs. Major CAs include the Basic Support for Institutionalizing Child Survival Project, Wellstart, Initiatives, Johns Hopkins University and the International Center for Research on Women. в T VZZVР@@@ VZZVР@@@T вмШ†Ш†мммааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџА` И hРџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааУУMajor Results IndicatorsФФ: ммУУBaselineФФммааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџА` џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааУУTargetФФ 1мШ†Ш†мммааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџА` И hРџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааImproved Immunization Coverage: i.e. PolioммааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџА џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААаа20.7% (1990)ммTBDааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџА` џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААаам††мммааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџА` И hРџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааIncreased rate of children with correct home management of diarrhea ммааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџА џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААаа60% (1990)ммTBDааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџА` џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААаамШ†Ш†мммааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџА` И hРџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааReduced prevalence of stunting in the under 5 age groupммааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџА џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААаа43.1% (1990)ммTBDааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџА` џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААаамм______________________________ 1 To be determined Ср•ь#Сааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ` И hРpШ xа (#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааACTIVITY DATA SHEETƒ ааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџА` И hРpШ xа (#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџААааУ У PROGRAM: Ф ФNIGERIA У УTITLE AND NUMBER:Ф Ф Strengthened Civil Society Contribution to Democratic Participation and Respect for Human and Civil Rights, 620ЉSO02 У УSTATUSФ Ф: Continuing У УPROPOSED OBLIGATION:Ф Ф $3,200,000 DFA У УINITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1996; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2000Ф Ф ааУУPurposeФФ: To Strengthen Civil SocietyРРs Contribution to Democratic Participation and Respect for Civil Rights. УУBackground:ФФ Through its healthЉbased program, USAID/Nigeria has built an extensive and credible relationship with the Nigerian NonЉGovernmental Organization (NGO) community. Similarly, the United States Information Agency (USIA) and the U.S. Embassy have built important linkages to the progressive elements of Nigeria's civil society. USAID's relationships have more recently expanded to include a broad range of community mobilization and democracy activists groups with interest and potential to assertively engage in strengthening democratic participation and greater respect for civil rights. While fully aware of the risks of government attention, harassment and potential suppression, these Nigerian NGOs, the independent press and private Nigerian institutions are challenging the legitimacy of the military regime and its violations of basic rights. Operating at the community as well as national level, they are emerging as the leaders in this struggle and look to the USG for support. УУUSAID Role and Achievements to DateФФ: The Democracy and Human Rights Fund (116e) and other complementary programs have proven to be a valuable tool in providing material and moral support to Nigeria's energetic, if vulnerable, democracy advocates. The USAID/Nigeria health program has further contributed to this effort by utilizing a broad range of community NGOs and leaders to advance efforts in the health sector, and has provided training in social mobilization, women's empowerment, advocacy and leadership. Now these organizations and leaders to varying degrees, seek a stronger and more effective role in the growing effort to strengthen democratic participation and respect for civil rights. USAID/Nigeria's credibility as a constructive friend to the Nigerian NGO community is an important achievement upon which to build. УУDescriptions:ФФ The project will provide modest operational and strengthening grants, limited commodities and targeted technical assistance to Nigerian private organizations and persons that will contribute to the strengthening of democratic participation and greater respect for civil rights in Nigeria. The recipients will include Nigerian nonЉgovernmental organizations working for democratic participation and greater civil rights awareness, private governance thinkЉtanks, the independent press, progressive opinion leaders and other appropriate groups and individuals. The U.S. Information Agency and the U.S. Embassy/Nigeria will join USAID/Nigeria in identifying committed and credible grant recipients. УУHost Country and Other Donors:ФФ Donors have had only modest activities addressing democratic participation and respect for civil rights. The donor community has announced its intent to expand such activities. Our most important partners will be the Ford Foundation, the National Endowment for Democracy, the Canadian High Commission and the British Council/Overseas Development Agency. Other foundations (e.g., Friedrich Ebert) may also contribute to a common effort. УУBeneficiaries:ФФ The People of Nigeria УУPrincipal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies:ФФ To Be Determined. УУMajor Results IndicatorsФФ:СИ И ССССhh#ССРР(СС-СУУBaselineФФ 1СШШ7СС  <СУУTargetsФФ 1 To be developedСИ И ССССhh#ССРР(СС-ССpp2СTBDСШШ7СС  <ССxxAСTBD ____________________ 1 To be determined.