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3'3'StandardHPLAS0.PRS 4x   Њ#ixP7P# mk NAMIBIA ă  }K- FY 1997 Development Fund For Africa:p(#m$10,810,551  }KX-  }K - Introduction.  d(#.Namibia, now in its sixth year of independence, is actively engaged in a multiracial effort to consolidate  d(#its new multiparty democracy and remove the last vestiges of a century of colonial rule and decades  d(#of apartheid, the results of which are socioeconomic disparities and inequalities. The U.S. Government  d(#{is providing resources to improve basic education and adult nonformal education systems and to  d(#improve management training. Resources will also be provided to protect Namibia's fragile natural  d(#resource base at the community level and to strengthen the legislative branch of government to ensure  d(#an open and free democracy. It is in the U.S. Government's interest to assist Namibia in strengthening  d(#and maintaining a viable, multiparty democracy and in improving the economic and social condition  d(#^of its people. The United States played an important diplomatic role in helping Namibia achieve  d(#?independence. Namibia is not only a potential model for democracy and development in southern  d(#Africa, but a positive force for conflict resolution throughout the region. Conversely, if Namibia fails  d(#as a democracy or in its efforts to increase growth and improve social equity, this could have a  d(#destabilizing effect throughout southern Africa. Namibia's failure to achieve its development goals  d(#kwould also be a major setback to the cause of economic and social progress in this important region.  d(#Namibia is in a strategic area of southern Africa and its capacity to make a peaceful transition from  d(#minority domination politically and economically to majority rule and empowerment improves the stability of the entire southern Africa region.  }K- The Development Challenge.  }K-  d(#/Namibia's highly skewed distribution of income favors the five percent minority that receives 70% of  d(#zthe Gross Domestic Product (GDP), that occupies most of the cultivable land and that enjoys incomes  d(# on a par with developed countries. This is contrasted with the majority black population which lives  d(#predominantly in the rural north on less productive communal lands, relies on subsistence farming,  d(#survives on annual incomes of $100$200 per annum and has limited access to basic social services.  d(#Namibia's statistics on underfive child mortality (164 per 1,000), illiteracy rates (60%), high  d(#unemployment (40%), and high population growth rate (3%) compare with those found in relatively  d(#least developed countries (RLDCs). The rising incidence of HIV/AIDS is also a growing concern. In  d(#addressing the inequality issue, USAID focuses on increasing the social, economic and political  d(#/opportunities of the majority population through interventions in four areas: adult training and human  d(#{resources development; primary education; environment and natural resources management; and  d(#kdemocratic institution building. Namibia will continue to have substantial requirements for training and  d(#Otechnical assistance until such time as there is a critical mass of educated, trained and skilled  d(# Namibians. Twothirds of USAID assistance is channelled through U.S. and local/indigenous private and nongovernmental voluntary organizations.  d(#\In FY 1995, there were impressive achievements and progress in the area of policy and planning. A  d(# major cabinet reshuffle brought talented new people into the Government of the Republic of Namibia  d(#(GRN) and resulted in a split of the education portfolio into two separate ministries: (1) Basic Education  d(#and Culture and Higher Education and (2) Vocational Training and Science and Technology. The GRN  d(#completed its first National Development Plan (NDP#1) in early November 1995 following extensive  d(#.consultations and donor involvement. NDP#1 approval was followed by a successful first Round Table  d(#donors' meeting in Geneva in late November 1995. The GRN has met one of its major Round Table  d(#0commitments by completing a draft national family planning policy paper, which is currently being  d(#vetted within the Government. Namibia's first Planned Parenthood Clinic was opened in January 1996.  d(#!In addition, the GRN is moving ahead on introduction of legislation to reverse generations of race  d(#discrimination and legislation on equality of women, which will update old South African laws in  d(#accordance with its Constitution. The GRN is firmly committed to development as evidenced by the"h)0*0*0*z+"  d(#\large allocation of budgetary support to education (25%) and health and social services (17%). This  d(#reflects its strong commitment to the primary objective of NDP #1 human resource development and  d(#|investment in people. Regionally, the GRN is actively involved in Southern Africa Development  d(#jCommunity (SADC) at various levels. Namibia has been asked to spearhead the newly created Regional  d(#Parliamentary Forum for SADC countries and USAID will be working closely with the Speaker of the  d(#House the Interim President of the Forum to identify ways to assist him to carry out this important mandate.  d(#Since FY 1991, most of USAID/Namibia's resources have been invested in education. Recently, the  d(#USAID focus expanded into a comprehensive human resources development strategy which provides  d(#\funds for degreelevel training in United States colleges and universities and shortterm management  d(#jtraining. New, grade 1 curricula have been developed in school readiness, math, environmental studies,  d(#and language. These curricula have been translated into 11 Namibian languages and are in use in 925  d(#schools, reaching 65,258 students. In FY 1995, additional regional Natural Resources Management  d(#Support (NRMS) funds enabled the expansion of USAID/Namibia's environmental focus on community  d(#level activities linked to income generation. Policy discussions with GRN officials have resulted in GRN  d(#action to present legislation which, when passed, will allow communities to derive direct income  d(#zbenefits from their natural resources assets. Work with local women's groups on better utilization of  d(#natural resources has resulted in grass thatching operations that generate income in lieu of the former  d(#jdestructive "slash and burn agricultural practices", and trained community game rangers are now based  d(#lin three major regions of the country to help protect wildlife, including endangered species. In FY  }Kh- d(#1995, previously ad hoc smallscale democracy and electoral support activities were incorporated into a comprehensive, democracy program.  d(#The GRN has exhibited fiscal and monetary prudence and to date has been reluctant to borrow to  d(#finance its development plans. In August 1995, the Ministry of Finance commissioned a study and  }KP- d(#published a "white paper", Towards a Sustainable Fiscal Policy, which set forth its policies for  d(#zmacroeconomic management and the efficient and equitable allocation of resources to achieve social  d(#objectives. External debt has been reported as $600 million, most of which is preindependence debt  d(#=owed to South Africa, denominated in Rand. Namibia has one of the lowest debt ratios in Africa. Since  d(# independence real gross domestic product has grown at an annual average of 3.6% compared to a  d(#]population growth rate of 3.1%. The country's balance of payments position is strong, and since independence the GRN has recorded five years of surpluses.  d(#To achieve sustainable development, the Government and its development assistance partners,  }KX- d(# including the United States must be willing and able to provide the level of resources required to fully  d(#sustain Namibia's development effort. USAID envisions that it will require ten years (through 2005)  d(#Mof sustained U.S. assistance to develop a critical mass of skilled Namibians able to fully participate in the economy and to achieve meaningful results in all three areas of focus.  }K@- Other Donors.  d(#\GRN figures for external donor assistance fluctuate between $78 and $100 million per annum. In FY  d(#1995 USAID, with obligations of $15.3 million, was the third major bilateral donor after Germany and  d(#zSweden. The NDP#1 indicates that bilateral donors provide up to 80% of all external aid, followed by  d(#multilateral organizations who account for 18%, with the remaining two percent being provided by  d(#nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Per GRN statistics, 50% of development spending for the  d(#period 1995/1996 is from external donors. Recently, the GRN has requested donors' technical  d(#zassistance to support its efforts to improve aid coordination and tracking of funds in order to improve  d(#the effectiveness of all development activities. In the past year, the United Nations Development  d(#Program has held bimonthly meetings with donors to discuss development issues. These have included discussions of NDP#1 and the Round Table.  }Kh)- "h)0*0*0*z+"Ԍ  }K-FY 1997 Program.  d(#?USAID's goal is the strengthening of Namibia's new democracy through the social, economic and  d(#|political empowerment of its majority population. This is being accomplished through institution  d(#building, training and education, by assisting local communities to better manage their natural resources  d(#and by increasing dialogue and accountability between parliament and the citizenry. The United States  d(#has a key interest in fostering an environment for a viable democracy and regional stability in southern  d(#lAfrica, and Namibia's constructive, indeed exemplary, role as a major player in the region is being  d(#Nenhanced through U.S. assistance. Management training and skills development will create more  d(#!opportunities for the majority population to increase incomes and participate fully in the country's  d(#development. With increased control over surrounding natural resources, poor, rural communities will  d(#receive higher revenues from tourism and other natural resources, while conserving wildlife and other  d(#resources. In FY 1997, program emphasis will be on human resource development, where USAID  d(#\supports longterm, basic education and short and mediumterm training and skills development, and voter education.  }K -  }KH - Agency Goal:` ` Encouraging Broadbased Economic Growth (#`  }K- d(#The challenge is to help Namibia reverse a century of colonial and apartheid rule in which the country's  d(#[human and physical resources were exploited for the benefit of a small minority. Prior to independence,  d(#{the educational system was designed to support the unskilled labor requirements of the apartheid  d(#system, rather than to provide the necessary human resource base to promote equitable social and  d(#economic development. USAID's program helps Namibians and the Namibian government address the  d(#injustices of "separate development," which relegated the majority of the population to a life without  d(#dignity or opportunity while creating racebased disparities even more severe than those experienced  d(# within South Africa. USAID also focusses on Namibia's potentially bright future as a democracy and  d(#on the need for preparing Namibians to lead their country into the 21st century and prosper as a nation in a highly competitive international environment.  d(#Results expected by the end of FY 1997 include introduction of the new, lower primary curriculum,  d(#reaching 10% of students in the most disadvantaged areas of the rural north where the majority of the  d(#population resides; upgraded skills of teachers in 10% of the most disadvantaged schools, through on d(#zsite training to enable correct usage of the new curriculum and materials; a minimum of 38 historically  d(#disadvantaged men and women having completed USAIDsupported training, including internships and  d(#^degree/diploma training at accredited U.S. institutions; and fifteen new adult training programs introduced and implemented by NGOs.  }K- ,`  Strategic Objective 1: ` Improved Training Opportunities for Historically Disadvantaged Namibians(#  }K - ,`  Strategic Objective 2: ` Improved Delivery of Quality Primary Education to Grade 14 Learners in the Most Disadvantaged Schools(#  }K`"- Agency Goal: Building Democracy  }K(#-  }K#- d(#Namibia established itself at independence as a modern democratic state with a liberal constitution and  d(#strong commitment to protecting the civil liberties of all its citizens. However, this democracy is fragile.  d(#Whereas the GRN has upheld the basic tenets of the constitution, established a National Assembly and  d(#ya second house of Parliament, as required by the constitution, and has conducted free and fair elections  d(#at all levels (national, regional and local), the GRN has been slow in removing old laws that inhibit their  d(#objectives for equality. In addition, linkages between legislators and citizens have remained weak.  d(# Furthermore, many of Namibia's new political institutions still lack the capacity to operate effectively,  d(#Mdue primarily to lack of trained personnel and undeveloped systems and procedures. In addition, the"h)0*0*0*z+"  d(#need for transparency and for a political system that is accountable to its citizens are new concepts in this newly emerging democracy.  d(#^USAID's strategy is to strengthen the Namibian Parliament's accountability to the people by (1)  d(#improving public participation in public hearings and other fora; (2) training Parliamentarians and staff;  d(#and (3) strengthening advocacy capacity in civil society. By the end of FY 1996, the number of  d(#=Parliamentary hearings will increase from two to five, and the amount of legislation introduced reflecting  d(#\the concerns and needs of citizens will increase by 200%. Three ad hoc committees will have been  d(#created to facilitate citizen input in the public fora. In FY 1997, the GRN's ability to support local and  d(#!regional elections will depend on USAID funding, onethird of which is targeted in support of this  d(#agency goal. A major assumption for our support in this area is that the GRN and the country's major  d(#political parties remain firmly committed to the building of a multiparty, democratic state and to the  d(#protection of the human rights of all its citizens. We have no reason to doubt the assumption. The  d(#GRN, opposition parties and the Parliament have repeatedly stressed this commitment. Support for  d(#nongovernment organization (NGO) efforts in advocacy will also be supported under Strategic  d(#!Objective #1 in order to improve the capacity of service and trainingoriented NGOs to represent constituency needs in the formulation of GRN policies and programs.  }K-  Strategic Objective 4 :` Increased Accountability of Parliament to All Namibian Citizens(#  }K- Agency Goal: Protecting the Environment  }Kh-   d(#Namibia, like most countries in southern Africa, faces critical environmental challenges that are  d(#!exacerbated by frequent drought. Unlike its neighbors, Namibia has two major deserts within its  d(#borders, 65% of its land mass is unsuitable for cultivation of any kind and the country lacks interior  d(#perennial rivers. Owing to the latter, Namibia is heavily dependent on rainfall. Competition between  d(#Lhumans and animals (domesticated and wild) for water and suitable terrain is intense. Given this fragile  d(#kecosystem, USAID is assisting the GRN to develop strategies to maximize the renewable aspects of its natural resources and is assisting communities to capture benefits of wildlife and natural resources.  d(#By the end of FY 1996, income from communitybased activities, totalling $350,000, will directly  d(#benefit 1,250 households, who will share these resources. A minimum of 200 men and 90 women will  d(#zhave participated in local management structures and training. Two Namibian organizations will have  d(#the capacity to provide communitybased natural resources management and environmental education  d(#information, and 15 interregional field trips and study tours involving NGOs, private institutions and  d(#\GRN staff for the purpose of information exchange on NRMS issues will have been completed. Also  d(#10,000 hectares will be under management by local communities in the targeted areas of USAID focus, and the number of natural resource management structures built will have increased fourfold.  }Kx- ,`H  Strategic Objective 3:`  Increased Benefits to Historically Disadvantaged Namibians From  }K@-Sustainable Local Management of Natural Resources (# "`"0*0*0*$"  }K- mNAMIBIA  }K- .FY 1997 PROGRAM SUMMARY ă  }K-#SxP7P##hxP7P# h ddx !ddxX Zh    &&   `F#O PE37ZP#J"      _ Encouragingg Broadbased  Economic  Growth("CXStabilizing LWorld @?Population D`Growth & BbProtecting HHuman HHealth ("8 8 8 8 "Protecting the Environment("     Building Democracy("5 5 5 5 "Providing FHumanitarian Assistance 50"             `Fm TOTALS   X &&  USAID Strategic Objectives              0 &&  1. Improved Training Opportunities for Historically Disadvantaged  `F~ Adults Dev. Fund for Africa #*, *, *, *,  6,963,698 #t # #l #R,M! #MV" V" V" V" }) 6,963,698 l   &e&  2. Improved Delivery of Quality Primary Education to Grade 14 Learners in the Most Disadvantaged Schools Dev. Fund for Africa6e#*, *, *, *, *,  1,100,0006e#t t t t t T.377,2426e#X01Í ÍX11Í ÍX11Í ÍX1*Í Í6e#l6e#R,M!6e#MV" V" V" V" V" ) 1,477,242l l   &ee&   `F3. Increased Benefits to#O P7ZP# Historically Disadvantaged Namibians from Sustainable Natural Resources  `Fԩ Dev. Fund for Africa *e#*,e#te#     1,563,697e#le#R,M!e#MV" V" V" V" V" ) 1,563,697l   6 &e&  4. Increased Accountability of Parliament to all Namibian Citizens Dev. Fund for Africa#*,#t#   #l l l 805,914#R,M!#MV" V" V"  805,914     & &   `FJ Totals Dev. Fund for AfricaA! #A$  8,063,698A! #At R 377,242A! #A 1,563,697A! #Al  805,914A! #AR, P M! #MV" | 10,810,551     }Kl- d(##hxP7P#*NOTE: Funding for Strategic Objective 3 comes from a regional attribution from the Initiative for Southern Africa and will be justified and obligated within the regional program. ` (#USAID Mission Director: Edward J. Spriggs "T 0*0*0* " COACTIVITY DATA SHEET  }K- PROGRAM: NAMIBIA  }KX- d(# TITLE AND NUMBER : Improved Training Performance and Education/Training Opportunities for Historically Disadvantaged Namibians, 673S001  }K- STATUS: Continuing  }K-PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE : FY 1997: $6,963,698 DFA  }Kx- INITIAL OBLIGATION : FY 1995; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE : FY 2001  }K@-  }K-  Purpose: To develop a critical mass of trained managers in both the private and public sectors.  }K` - d(# Background: Two major constraints to Namibia's ability to attract foreign investment are the lack of  d(#=historically disadvantaged Namibian entrepreneurs with mainstream business skills and the lack of well d(#{trained Namibians in middle and upperlevel management in mainstream companies and the public  d(#>sector. Strategic Objective #1 addresses these problems. The planning capacity of the Government  d(#\of the Republic of Namibia (GRN) to carry out many of its development objectives is constrained by a  d(#lack of mid level managers to implement its program. In May 1994, USAID funded an assessment of  d(#khuman resources development to identify the gaps within both the public and private sectors and the  d(#?type of intervention that could be undertaken. Using a regional activity called "Human Resources  d(#Development for Africa", USAID is undertaking a two year pilot activity that will be followed by a longerterm bilateral activity based on successful pilot activities and lessons learned.  }K0-   }K- d(#] USAID Role and Achievements to Date: The current shortterm management training intervention  d(# addresses a critical need for managerial training in both the public and private sectors. To date, two  d(#advisory boards have been selected to oversee each of the major components public and private  d(#and twentyfive candidates have been identified for shortterm management training courses. Most of  d(#Mthe identified courses will be held in the United States and are of three months duration, with shorter  d(#courses identified for neighboring countries and one incountry seminar is planned. As designed, the  d(#pilot activity focuses primarily on the private sector, which will benefit from twothirds of the $3 million  d(#funding and will be under the direction of the U.S. private and voluntary organization (PVO). A  d(#Cooperative Agreement with a U.S. PVO was signed in December 1995 to implement the private sector  d(#component and oversee incountry, third country and U.S.based training. To date, private sector and  d(#public sector management boards have been established for the activity, and several of the estimated  d(#mtotal of 160 managers have commenced training. USAID is among the top five bilateral donors providing assistance in the human resources category.  }K- d(#0 Description: The objectives of this intervention will be to develop various modules for shortterm  d(#management training programs (up to one year duration) which will, over the life of this activity,  d(#produce some 400 welltrained, highly competent managers in both the public and private sectors,  d(# many of whom will, after learning advanced business skills on the job, elect to use this expertise to  d(#lform their own companies. USAID's intervention will build on the lessons learned during the "pilot"  d(#\phase to identify the types of internships and firms/organizations for placement of selected trainees.  d(#Medium and long term technical assistance will be used to plan more incountry workshops and  d(#seminars on management and allow USAID to reach more beneficiaries. Technical assistance will  d(#|identify and assist local institutions (public and private) to strengthen their capacity to conduct  d(#management training programs and to design curricula and materials for that purpose. In the public  d(#|sector, USAID will continue to identify ministries and parastatals in need of managerialtraining  d(#assistance, although the primary focus will continue to be on the private sector. Training opportunities  d(#in the public sector will be identified in conjunction with recipient organizations and will require that  d(#each organization has a training assessment plan in operation. In the private sector, shortterm  d(#management training will assist Namibian companies to meet their diversity objectives. Programming  d(#Mof more incountry workshops on management and strengthening of the capacity of local institutions to carry out such training will be a secondary focus of this longerterm intervention. "h)0*0*0*z+"Ԍ }K- d(#ԙ Host Country and Other Donors: The Ford Foundation is also working in this area, assisting the  d(#Namibian National Chamber of Commerce and Industry to establish an Affirmative Action Advisory  d(#kService that will help businesses make the transition to a more open approach. The UN Development  d(#Program (UNDP) is assisting the GRN to identify human resources development requirements. USAID,  d(#which is among the five largest donors, has been working with the GRN National Planning Commission  d(#to develop a comprehensive humanresources plan as part of their National Development Plan just  d(#published for the five year period: 19962000. The UNDP convenes monthly donor meetings for  d(#coordination and informationsharing purposes. The GRN, which is extremely committed to humanresources development, also facilitates donor meetings.  }K- d(# Beneficiaries: Most current and future historically disadvantaged Namibian managers in the private  d(#sector and a substantial portion of those in the public sector. By focussing on the training of these  d(#ONamibians, USAID assistance will assure that more Namibians can contribute to the economic development of their country.  }K - d(#0 Principal Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: Currently, USAID is implementing training activities  d(#through U.S. PVOs, including World Education, Inc., the African American Institute, and AFRICARE, as well as through Namibian government partners and local NGOs.  }K- Major Results Indicators:  }K-` `  hhCqBaselineppTarget  }Kh-Number of target organizations that hhCXq 0 (1995)pp4 (1997)(# use staff development plans that support enhanced roles for trained  }K-historically disadvantaged NamibianshhCq  }K-Number of historically disadvantaged hhCXq17 (1995)pp160 (1997)(# men and women successfully completing  }K-USAID supported traininghhCq  }K-Intermediate Results:  }Kp-Number of candidates nominated forhhCq 33 (1995)pp160 (1997) USAID training programs by target organizations  }K-Number of USAID supported privatehhCq0 (1995)pp15 (1997) and public sector organizations involved in organizational transformation " 0*0*0*t"" >OACTIVITY DATA SHEET  }K- PROGRAM: NAMIBIA  }KX- d(# TITLE AND NUMBER : Improved Delivery of Quality Primary Education to Grade 14 Learners in the Most Disadvantaged Schools, 673S002  }K- STATUS: Continuing  }K- PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE : FY 1997: $1,477,242 DFA  }Kx- INITIAL OBLIGATION : FY 1995; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE : FY 2005 X   }K- d(#  Purpose: To increase the Namibian Government's capacity to implement its new lower primary curriculum while improving learner outcomes in the most disadvantaged schools.  }K( - d(#Background: The education system that the Government of the Republic of Namibia (GRN) inherited  d(#at independence was fragmented along racial and ethnic lines, with vast disparities in the allocation  d(#lof available resources. The education system had been administered by 11 different racebased  d(#!departments of education. Education was designed to support the apartheid system rather than  d(#zprovide the necessary human resource base to promote equitable social and economic development.  d(#>The majority of teachers were unqualified, particularly at the lower primary level grades 1 through  d(#\4. Initial GRN reform efforts and donor attention focused on the upper grade levels (grades 8 10) to  d(#0maximize immediate impact. Over the last two years, with USAID assistance, attention has been refocused on the foundation of the education system the lower primary level.  }K0-   }K- d(#USAID Role and Achievements to Date: The Basic