WPC_O 2BJZ Courier3|X'x6X@`7X@HP LaserJet 4HPLAS0.PRS 4x  @\OڈX@2z61F Zw3|X'#A\  PQgP#HP LaserJet 4HPLAS0.PRS 4x6X@7\OڈX@02-01-96 09:48a Preferred CustomerPreferred Customer 02zR&Default Para`6gWDefault Paragraph Font(6:*68÷>KNE;;#XN\  PXP##A\  PP#endnote text`6gWendnote text6*=(66K :*68÷>KNEE;#XN\  PXP##A\  PP#endnote refe`6gWendnote reference66K :*68÷>KNE>>#XN\  PXP##A\  PP#footnote tex`6gWfootnote text*=(66K :*68÷>KNEE;#XN\  PXP##A\  PP#2 0226 2h footnote ref`6gWfootnote reference66K :*68÷>KNE> > #XN\  P XP##A\  P P#toc 1K `6gWtoc 1HK6*=(66K :*68÷>KNE 4` hp x (#toc 2K `6gWtoc 2HK6*=(66K :*68÷>KNE 4 ` hp x (#toc 3K `6gWtoc 3HK6*=(66K :*68÷>KNE4 ` hp x (#2 2 2 20 btoc 4K`6gWtoc 4HK6*=(66K :*68÷>KNE 4 <` hp x (#toc 5K`6gWtoc 5HK6*=(66K :*68÷>KNE 4<` hp x (#toc 6K`6gWtoc 6HK6*=(66K :*68÷>KNE 4` hp x (#toc 7K`6gWtoc 7HK6*=(66K :*68÷>KNE 2 22P22toc 8K`6gWtoc 8HK6*=(66K :*68÷>KNE 4` hp x (#toc 9K`6gWtoc 9HK6*=(66K :*68÷>KNE4` hp x (#index 1K`6gWindex 1HK6*=(66K :*68÷>KNE4 ` hp x (#index 2K`6gWindex 2HK6*=(66K :*68÷>KNE 4 ` hp x (#252J "!0 !toa heading`6gWtoa heading6*=(66K :*68÷>KNE!"` hp x (#captionK`6gWcaptionHK6*=(66K :*68÷>KNEE#;$#XN\  P XP##A\  P P#_Equation Ca`6gW_Equation Caption66K :*68÷>KNE;%;&#XN\  P XP##A\  PP#ѫx6X@7X@<6X9`(CourierXXN\  PXP\  `*Times New RomanTTXA\  PP%\  `$Times NewRomanXN\  PXP\  `*Times New RomanTTXA\  PP%\  `$Times NewRomanXN\  PXP\  `*Times New RomanTTXA\  PP%\  `$Times NewRomanXN\  PXP\  `*Times New RomanTTXA\  PP%\  `$Times NewRomanXN\  P XP\  `*Times New RomanTTXA\  P P%\  `$Times NewRomanXN\  P XP\  `*Times New RomanTTXA\  P P%\  `$Times NewRomanXN\  P XP\  `*Times New RomanTTXA\  PP%\  `$Times NewRomanA\  PP%\  `$Times NewRomanxxP7P,xA`Universxp7/0 AZ0Univers (W1) Regularxp7/Ki AZ0Univers (W1) RegularK2PP%2A`ArialTTxp7/Ki AZ0Univers (W1) Regularx6X@7X@<6X9`(CourierXxp7/Ki AZ0Univers (W1) RegularK2PP%2A`ArialTTxp7/0 AZ0Univers (W1) Regularxp7/Ki AZ0Univers (W1) Regularxp7/0 AZ0Univers (W1) Regularxp7/0 AZ0Univers (W1) Regularxp7/0 AZ0Univers (W1) Regularxp7/Ki AZ0Univers (W1) Regular27v.6p6k7k7a8DocumentgDocument Style StyleXX` `  ` a4DocumentgDocument Style Style . a6DocumentgDocument Style Style GX  a5DocumentgDocument Style Style }X(# 2E:8v8t799a2DocumentgDocument Style Style<o   ?  A.  a7DocumentgDocument Style StyleyXX` ` (#` BibliogrphyBibliography:X (# a1Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers:`S@ I.  X(# 2"=w:;;m<a2Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersC @` A. ` ` (#` a3DocumentgDocument Style StyleB b  ?  1.  a3Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersL! ` ` @P 1. ` `  (# a4Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersUj` `  @ a. ` (# 2@ T=!>">#?a5Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers _o` `  @h(1)  hh#(#h a6Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers!h` `  hh#@$(a) hh#((# a7Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers"pfJ` `  hh#(@*i) (h-(# a8Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers#yW"3!` `  hh#(-@p/a) -pp2(#p 2C$@%A&B' CTech InitInitialize Technical Style$. k I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a) 1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Technicala1DocumentgDocument Style Style%\s0  zN8F I. ׃  a5TechnicalTechnical Document Style&)WD (1) . a6TechnicalTechnical Document Style')D (a) . 2F(C)tD*E+Ea2TechnicalTechnical Document Style(<6  ?  A.   a3TechnicalTechnical Document Style)9Wg  2  1.   a4TechnicalTechnical Document Style*8bv{ 2  a.   a1TechnicalTechnical Document Style+F!<  ?  I.   2L,F-;G.3G/Ha7TechnicalTechnical Document Style,(@D i) . a8TechnicalTechnical Document Style-(D a) . Doc InitInitialize Document Style.z   0*0*0*  I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a) I. 1. A. a.(1)(a) i) a)DocumentgPleadingHeader for Numbered Pleading Paper/E!n    X X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:Q4AO5O6pSP7{P1st levelmarks to 1st level for TOC4% S Y S  2nd levelmarks to 2nd level for TOC5%S H Y S  3rd levelmarks to 3rd level for TOC6 N  4th levelmarks to 4th level for TOC7YV T  2;S8{pQ9lQ:lWR;xR5th levelmarks to 5th level for TOC8Y V  Default Paragraph FoDefault Paragraph Font9 Document 8Document 8: Document 4Document 4;  2U<lmS=lS>lET?lTDocument 6Document 6< Document 5Document 5= Document 2Document 2> Document 7Document 7? 2\@OUAmWBlYCYRight Par 1Right Par 1@` hp x (#X` hp x (#X` hp x (#` hp x (#Right Par 2Right Par 2A` hp x (#X` hp x (#0X` hp x (#0` hp x (#Document 3Document 3B Right Par 3Right Par 3C` hp x (#X` P hp x (#X` P hp x (#` hp x (#2dDG\Ee^F`GbRight Par 4Right Par 4D` hp x (#X` hp x (#0X` hp x (#0` hp x (#Right Par 5Right Par 5E` hp x (#X` hp x (#X` hp x (#` hp x (#Right Par 6Right Par 6F` hp x (#X` hp x (#0X` hp x (#0` hp x (#Right Par 7Right Par 7G` hp x (#X` hp x (#X` hp x (#` hp x (#2mHdI(gJ$7iK$[kRight Par 8Right Par 8H` hp x (#X` hp x (#0X` hp x (#0` hp x (#Document 1Document 1I` hp x (#X` hp x (#X` hp x (#` hp x (#Technical 5Technical 5J` hp x (#X` hp x (# X` hp x (#` hp x (#Technical 6Technical 6K` hp x (#X` hp x (# X` hp x (#` hp x (#2qLlmMlnN$nOlpTechnical 2Technical 2L Technical 3Technical 3M Technical 4Technical 4N` hp x (#X` hp x (# X` hp x (#` hp x (#Technical 1Technical 1O 2qvP$KqQ$osRluSruTechnical 7Technical 7P` hp x (#X` hp x (# X` hp x (#` hp x (#Technical 8Technical 8Q` hp x (#X` hp x (# X` hp x (#` hp x (#_Equation Caption_Equation CaptionR endnote referenceendnote referenceS 2xTevUwVpwWpxfootnote referencefootnote referenceT TechnicalTechnical Document StyleU9Wg  2  1.   1-HeadingBold; Mark:ToC1ered; bold; Mark:ToC1V Cy n 3-HeadingBold; Mark:ToC3; Mark:ToC3W K} r 2kzXpxY}1yZYy[dz2-HeadingBold; Mark:ToC2red; bold; Mark:ToC2X G{  4 - HeadingBold, centered, largeY(ĸ ? *  1Zd si4#x(@tsmall italicso24 #RK+oP!4f—+ob[2H|\pz]q {^e~{_e{24Hx(@tDocument Style24 HRK+oP!4f—+ob\ST` ` ` 34Ix(@tDocument Style24 IRK+oP!4f—+ob]U V . 44Jx(@tDocument Style24 JRK+oP!4f—+ob^ WX 54Kx(@tDocument Style24 KRK+oP!4f—+ob_ YZ 2~`z|ap }b}}c~64Lx(@tDocument Style24 LRK+oP!4f—+ob`*[\   74Mx(@tDocument Style24 MRK+oP!4f—+oba]^` ` ` 84Nx(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+obb8_`@   94Ox(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+obcAab@` `  ` ` ` 2xd~eqfg€104Px(@tDocument Style24 PRK+oP!4f—+obd0c d    114Qx(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+obeJef` ` @  ` `  124Rx(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+obfSgh` `  @  134Sx(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+obg\ij` `  @hh# hhh 2hiij1k144Tx(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+obhekl` `  hh#@( hh# 154Ux(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+obinmn` `  hh#(@- ( 164Vx(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+objwop` `  hh#(-@pp2 -ppp 174Wx(@tDocument Style24 WRK+oP!4f—+obkFqr *  ׃  2)lmsno184Xx(@tTechnical Document Style XRK+oP!4f—+obl&st  . 194Yx(@tTechnical Document Style YRK+oP!4f—+obm&uv  . 204Zx(@tTechnical Document Style ZRK+oP!4f—+obn*wx    214[x(@tTechnical Document Style [RK+oP!4f—+obo'yz   2p[qrs$224\x(@tTechnical Document Style \RK+oP!4f—+obp&{|   234]x(@tTechnical Document Style ]RK+oP!4f—+obq4}$~     244^x(@tTechnical Document Style ^RK+oP!4f—+obr&  . 254_x(@tTechnical Document Style _RK+oP!4f—+obs&  . 2'tFۉuF!vhgwXό264`x(@tDefault Paragraph Font4 `RK+oP!4f—+obtww#XZ2P XP##hxP 7P#274cx(@t_Equation Caption24 cRK+oP!4f—+obuww#XZ2P XP##hxP 7P#"4dx(@t B(o24 dRK+oP!4f—+obv" 284ex(@t B(o24 eRK+oP!4f—+obw2xpYyqɍze:{e294fx(@tDocument Style24 fRK+oP!4f—+obx` ` ` 304gx(@tDocument Style24 gRK+oP!4f—+oby  . 314hx(@tDocument Style24 hRK+oP!4f—+obz  324ix(@tDocument Style24 iRK+oP!4f—+ob{  2f|6}pɏ~9ː334jx(@tDocument Style24 jRK+oP!4f—+ob|*   344kx(@tDocument Style24 kRK+oP!4f—+ob}` ` ` 354lx(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+ob~8@   364mx(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+obA@` `  ` ` ` 24-ђ~374nx(@tDocument Style24 nRK+oP!4f—+ob0    384ox(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+obJ` ` @  ` `  394px(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+obS` `  @  404qx(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+ob\` `  @hh# hhh 2xf%414rx(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+obe` `  hh#@( hh# 424sx(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+obn` `  hh#(@- ( 434tx(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+obw` `  hh#(-@pp2 -ppp 444ux(@tDocument Style24 uRK+oP!4f—+obF *  ׃  2/P454vx(@tTechnical Document Style vRK+oP!4f—+ob&  . 464wx(@tTechnical Document Style wRK+oP!4f—+ob&  . 474xx(@tTechnical Document Style xRK+oP!4f—+ob*    484yx(@tTechnical Document Style yRK+oP!4f—+ob'   2e[494zx(@tTechnical Document Style zRK+oP!4f—+ob&   504{x(@tTechnical Document Style {RK+oP!4f—+ob4$     514|x(@tTechnical Document Style |RK+oP!4f—+ob&  . 524}x(@tTechnical Document Style }RK+oP!4f—+ob&  . 2zLevel4x(@t B(o24 ~RK+oP!4f—+ob  Level2x(@t B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob  Level3x(@t  B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob   Level1x(@t  B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob#   2p؞{"ҠSection2x(@t  B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+obB  ` ` ` Section4x(@t  B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+obO ` ` ` Section3x(@t  B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+obO  ` ` `  Section1x(@t  B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob:  2/&@&fActionx(@t  B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob5 Action ` ` ` Conclux(@t  B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob yxddddy Conclusion  534x(@tDefault Paragraph Font4 RK+oP!4f—+obgg#Xw P 7XP##A\  PP#544x(@t_Equation Caption24 RK+oP!4f—+obgg#Xw P7XP##A\  PP#2'554x(@tDefault Paragraph Font4 RK+oP!4f—+ob#Xw P7XP##A\  PP#564x(@t_Equation Caption24 RK+oP!4f—+ob#Xw P7XP##A\  PP#Headingx(@tChapter Heading24 RK+oP!4f—+ob3  *  ׃  Right Parx(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+ob<@    2tZZQSubheading(@tSubheading(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob.   Normalx(@t  B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob X toa4x(@ttoa B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob` hp x (#footerx(@tfooter B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob!` hp x (#2|ݴ,Զpage number(@tpage number(o24 RK+oP!4f—+obO#Xw P7XP#a14x(@ta1 B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob((a34x(@ta3 B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob((a44x(@ta4 B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob((2Zb a54x(@ta5 B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob..  a64x(@ta6 B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob((a74x(@ta7 B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob(( a84x(@ta8 B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob(!("2Z4Za94x(@ta9 B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob(#($a104x(@ta10 B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob%&X` hp x (#0X` hp x (#a114x(@ta11 B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob'(X` hp x (#X` hp x (#a124x(@ta12 B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob()(*2*ZZZvZa134x(@ta13 B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob+,X` hp x (#0X` hp x (#a144x(@ta14 B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob-.X` hp x (#X` hp x (#a154x(@ta15 B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob/0X` hp x (#0X` hp x (#a164x(@ta16 B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob12X` hp x (#X` hp x (#2Z\Zd`ta174x(@ta17 B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob34X` hp x (#0X` hp x (#a184x(@ta18 B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob56X` hp x (#X` hp x (#a194x(@ta19 B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob 78X` hp x (#X` hp x (#a20a4x(@ta20a B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob 9:X` hp x (#X ` hp x (#2`f`a21a4x(@ta21a B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob ;<X` hp x (#X ` hp x (#a22a4x(@ta22a B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob(=(>a23a4x(@ta23a B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob(?(@a24a4x(@ta24a B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob ABX` hp x (#X ` hp x (#2XH``Pa25a4x(@ta25a B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob(C(Da26a4x(@ta26a B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob EFX` hp x (#X ` hp x (#a27a4x(@ta27a B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob GHX` hp x (#X ` hp x (#a284x(@ta28 B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob(I(J2*2a294x(@ta29 B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob(K(La30b4x(@ta30b B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob(M(Na31b4x(@ta31b B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob(O(P574x(@t_Equation Caption124 RK+oP!4f—+ob(Q(R2Z\oRheaderx(@theader B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+obUVXhx (# X` hp x (#584x(@tDefault Paragraph Font4 RK+oP!4f—+ob;Y;Z#Xw P7XP##x P7P#594x(@t_Equation Caption24 RK+oP!4f—+ob;[;\#Xw P7XP##x P7P#604x(@tfootnote reference24 RK+oP!4f—+ob]^2pqcee9614x(@tDocument Style24 RK+oP!4f—+ob_`` ` ` 624x(@tDocument Style24 RK+oP!4f—+oba b . 634x(@tDocument Style24 RK+oP!4f—+ob cd 644x(@tDocument Style24 RK+oP!4f—+ob ef 2pce654x(@tDocument Style24 RK+oP!4f—+ob*gh   664x(@tDocument Style24 RK+oP!4f—+obij` ` ` 674x(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+ob8kl@   684x(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+obAmn@` `  ` ` ` 22k694x(@tDocument Style24 RK+oP!4f—+ob0o p    704x(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+obJqr` ` @  ` `  714x(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+obSst` `  @  724x(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+ob\uv` `  @hh# hhh 2X734x(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+obewx` `  hh#@( hh# 744x(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+obnyz` `  hh#(@- ( 754x(@tRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+oP!4f—+obw{|` `  hh#(-@pp2 -ppp 764x(@tDocument Style24 RK+oP!4f—+obF}~ *  ׃  2DN774x(@tTechnical Document Style RK+oP!4f—+ob&  . 784x(@tTechnical Document Style RK+oP!4f—+ob&  . 794x(@tTechnical Document Style RK+oP!4f—+ob*    804x(@tTechnical Document Style RK+oP!4f—+ob'   2Ez814x(@tTechnical Document Style RK+oP!4f—+ob&   824x(@tTechnical Document Style RK+oP!4f—+ob4$     834x(@tTechnical Document Style RK+oP!4f—+ob&  . 844x(@tTechnical Document Style RK+oP!4f—+ob&  . 217854x(@t_Equation Caption124 RK+oP!4f—+ob864x(@tendnote reference24 RK+oP!4f—+ob874x(@tfootnote texto24 RK+oP!4f—+obheading 3x(@theading 3B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+obMC#Xw P7XP# #Xw P7XP#2=heading 4x(@theading 4B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+obPF#Xw P7XP#  #Xw P7XP#Figurex(@tFigure B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+obMC# P7P# #Xw P7XP#table of fig@ttable of figures24 RK+oP!4f—+ob;"`# P 7P#  #Xw P!7XP#` hp x (#TableTitle(@tTableTitle(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob)  2]#]Pointx(@tPoint B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+obBody Textx(@tBody TextB(o24 RK+oP!4f—+obOmniPage #1(@t B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+obn k OmniPage #4(@t B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+obx  kZ 2]]l]]&OmniPage #2(@t B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob3: Z 3 OmniPage #3(@t B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+obx  3_ OmniPage #8(@t B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+obx3 _U OmniPage #5(@t B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+obxA U P 2)]] ]o ] OmniPage #6(@t B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+obxH P Z OmniPage #7(@t B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+obx Z U) OmniPage #51@t B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob  U)   OmniPage #9(@t B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+obx  P7 2][]]FrOmniPage #25@t B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+obx P7 iO OmniPage #26@t B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+obxe iO ds OmniPage #52@t B(o24 RK+oP!4f—+ob!  ds  884x(@tDefault Paragraph Font4 RK+oP!4f—+obww#Xw P"7XP##c P#7P#2F0pqK894x(@t_Equation Caption24 RK+oP!4f—+obww#Xw P$7XP##c P%7P#904x(@tfootnote reference24 RK+oP!4f—+obS914x(@tDocument Style24 RK+oP!4f—+ob` ` ` 924x(@tDocument Style24 RK+oP!4f—+ob  . 2eeSKK934x(@tDocument Style24 RK+oP!4f—+ob  944x(@tDocument Style24 RK+oP!4f—+ob  954x(@tDocument Style24 RK+oP!4f—+ob*   "i~'^09CSS999S]+9+/SSSSSSSSSS//]]]Ixnnxg]xx9?xgxx]xn]gxxxxg9/9MS9ISISI9SS//S/SSSS9?/SSxSSIP!PZ9+ZM999+99999999S/xIxIxIxIxIlnIgIgIgIgI9/9/9/9/xSxSxSxSxSxSxSxSxSxSxIxSxRxSxSxS]SxIxIxInInInZnIxigIgIgIgIxSxSxSxZxSxZxS9/9S999Su]ZZxSg/gCg9g9g/xSbxSxSxSxSxn9n9n9]?]?]?]ZgFg/gMxSxSxSxSxSxSxxZgIgIgIxSg9xS]?g9xSi+SS88WuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddNNH2C8THNCNHC>HC^CC>.888288882T8888"282H222"":":-"""""""""8">C8C8C8C8C8dXH2C8C8C8C8H8N8N8N8N8H8H8H8H8C2C8H8N>N8C2H8B8C8C8C8H2H2H:H2H>C8C8C8C8N8N8N8N:N8H:H8">"">J,::C2888"8"8H8&>>-H8H8H8H8H8H8^HC:>2>2>2H88"H8C2>"C8>28WFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddN$<<$68">8888n8&%TT8"$JJ8T"""8d"">iiffSSxSrff8SS?"xxSxXxxS姧0 S88xcxxxxxxxxxx8S{g]ix{S8ixSi`xlxxxxxxxxxxYxxxxxxofxGcxxxxxxxSxxxxxxxJxxxxJxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx8xxx8xxx8xxx8xxxxxxxxxxxxx{]iY]S{Y`MfGx`Y.(oS{V]x]iG`x`cYccJiMrYuxPr{{`x8irr{Y]rrz88iiii{xiiirrr{8`SJ8Muu]daqqZZnn{{xu{{M{aZZ5M5M҅P?kl?xxx,"x6X@`7X@ y.X80,QgX\  P6G;P}*h88,hxP7P }*i88, C@ips7z}*h88,-hxU7Xd!S,,,SxP7P6`%O,(,<ZO PE37Pt`%Q,(,EQ_ pi7 ~)[80,ST[2PG;P  '^80,Y8^2pPG; L7!,SY,72PG;,PlR&HHH,,H6X@`7h@K?!!,Z,?xP7,P"i~'K2^88Vgg888g8888gggggggggg88V{gux`]{x.]oYxckkgxxxrd888SS8Y`Y`Y<``((Y(````;S<`]]]PSSSg8ggggg8ggggggSgd({Y{Y{Y{Y{YuY`Y`Y`Y`Y.(.(.(.(x`````x`x`x`x`r]{Yxa``r]x`c`{Z{g{ZuZuZugugx{aZggggaZ{a{g{g{g{gxgxg/(gggg8dPggogZ(ZCggZAZ/xaxxaxgagk>iiffSSxSrff8SS?"xxSx]xxS姧0 S88xfxxxxxxxxxx8S{gci{P8ix]i`xrxxxxxxxxxxSxxxxxxofxGcxxxxxxxSxxxxxxxSxxxxSxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx8xxx8xxx8xxx8xxxxxxxxxxxxx{`ic]S{``SfMx`f.+oS{Scx]xP`fc`flMiMrcxx]x{`x8irr`lrxz88iiii{xiiirrr8fSJ8Muu]daqqZZnn{{xu{{M{aZZ5M5M҅P?k"i~'K2^88Sgg888g8888gggggggggg88V{gux`]{x.]oYxckkgxxxrd888SS8Y`Y`Y<``((Y(````;S<`]]]PJSJg8ggggg8ggggggSgd({Y{Y{Y{Y{YuY`Y`Y`Y`Y.(.(.(.(x`````x`x`x`x`r]{Yxa``r]x`c`{Z{g{ZuZuZugugxnaZggggaZ{a{g{g{g{gxgxg/(gggg8dPggogZ(Z9ggZ4Z(xa{xaxgagk>iiffSSxSrff8SS?"xxSx[xxS姧0S88xcxxxxxxxxxx8S{g]ix{S8ixSi`xlxxxxxxxxxxYxxxxxxofxGcxxxxxxxSxxxxxxxJxxxxJxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx8xxx8xxx8xxx8xxxxxxxxxxxxx{]iY]S{Y`MfGx`Y.(oS{V]x]iG`x`cYccJiMrYuxPr{{`x8irr{Y]rrz88iiii{xiiirrr{8`SJ8Muu]daqqZZnn{{xu{{M{aZZ5M5M҅P?k2+O8=C gI"i~'K2^,,CSSe,,,S,,,,SSSSSSSSSS,,EcS^`MJc`%JYHx`eOhUUS```[P,,,CC,HMHMH0MM H sMMMM/C0MJsJJ@;C;S,SSSSS,SSSSSSCSP cHcHcHcHcHp^HMHMHMHMH% % % % `MeMeMeMeM`M`M`M`M[JcH`MeMeM[J`MOMcHcScH]H]H^S^S`XMHSSSSMHcMcScScScS`S`S% SSSS,Pl@SSYSH H-SSH0H `M[`M`SeMeSyU0U0USUCUCUCUSS5S0SS`M`M`S`S`M`Ms[SP@P@P@`SSS`SUSSS[JX,CC,,,WxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxN```CSS,EJJSST66S33CCS3,,CCT11TTRReCC`C[{{QQ,CC3"``C`F``C充&C,,`O``````````,CcSJT`cC,T`CTM`hV``````````H``````oYQh`9O```````C```````;````;````````````````````````````````````````````,```,```,```,`````````````cJTHJCcHM>Q9`MeH% YCcEyJ`JT9eM`MOHOO;T>[Hm^`@j[cecM`,Te[[cHJe[[b,,TTTTc`TTT[[[c,MC;,x=x]]xKP}}xxxxxxMk[[}}HHxpppXpuuXmcc`]kuxxx}}}{hccxxxx=cxMxxxHHxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx+=+xxxxx=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxkkxxxxxxxxhhhhxxuuuuxxmmmhhhh@3Uhxx"i~'K2^(,>CCwh,,,Cw,,,,CCCCCCCCCC,,w;w`T[cTO`c,4^Tyc`M`YHTc`~``V,,,CC,;C;C;,CC%%C%hCCCC14%CC`CC;;C;C,CCCCC,CCCCCCCCC%`;`;`;`;`;wY[;T;T;T;T;,%,%,%,%cC`C`C`C`CcCcCcCcC`C`;cC`C`C`CcCMC`;`C`;[;[;[C[CcPS;TCTCS;`C`C`C`C`CcCcC,%CCCC,CaJCC^CS%S0TCU(S%cCMcCcC`C`Cw`X0X0YCH3H3H3HCS0S%TCcCcCcCcCcCcC~``CU;U;U;cCTCcCHCTC`CP,CC,,,WxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxN```CCC,;66CCuCCCwwC/CCCCw/,,EECw##CCQQeCC`COooJJw,EC~/"``C`E``wwCww&wC,,`Qw``````````,C`CJCw`YC,C`;CM`hV``````````>``````oYQh`9O```````C```````;````;````````````````````````````````````````````,```,```,```,``````````````QTJQJY;T4V;cC`;,%^;YJyJc;YC`;`QMCQCCT;`;YQ`JhQQQ`Tc,C```Q;QQQQb,,CCCC`cCCC```Q,MC;,x=x]]xKP}}xxxxxxMk[[}}HHxpppXpuuXmcc`]kuxxx}}}{hccxxxx=cxMxxxHHxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx+=+xxxxx=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxkkxxxxxxxxhhhhxxuuuuxxmmmhhhh@3Uhxx"i~'K2^(,>CCwm,,,Cw,,,,CCCCCCCCCC,,wCw`Y``YPhh4@hY~`hPh`JY````Y,,,CC,CJ;J;/CJ%,J%mJCJJ;4,JC`CC;CCCC,CCCCC,CCCCCCCCJ%`C`C`C`C`C``;Y;Y;Y;Y;4%4%4%4%`JhChChChC`J`J`J`J`C`C`KhChC`C`CPJ`C`C`C`;`;`C`C`[X;YCYCX;hChChChChChJhJ3%CJCC4JyLCChJX%X5YCY4Y%`Kj`K`JhChCc`;`;`CK3J4K3JCX5X-YC`J`K`J`J`K`J``CX;Y;X;`JYC`JJCYC`C[,CC,,,WxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxN```CCC,C99CCCCCwwC/CCCCw/,,MMCw##CCQQeCC`CTooJJw,MC~/"``C`L``wwCww&wC,,`Qw``````````,C`CJCw`YC,C`;CM`h[``````````@``````tYQh`9O```````C```````C````C````````````````````````````````````````````,```,```,```,``````````````QYJQJY;Y4Y;h;`;4%h;YJ~J`;YCh;`QQCQCCY;`;YQ`JhQQQ`Yh4Ch``Q;QQQQb,,CCCC`hCCC```Q,QC;,x=x]]xKP}}xxxxxxMk[[}}HHxpppXpuuXmcc`]kuxxx}}}{hccxxxx=cxMxxxHHxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx+=+xxxxx=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxkkxxxxxxxxhhhhxxuuuuxxmmmhhhh@3Uhxx"i~'K2^!!2>>dL!!!>d!!!!>>>>>>>>>>!!ddd4dJ>FH98JH8C6ZHL;N@@>HHdHE!>>>>>!>>>>>>2><J6J6J6J6J6bTF696969696H9L9L9L9L9H9H9H9H9E8J6H:L9L9E8H9;9J6J>J6F6F6F>F>HB:6>>>>:6J:J>J>J>J>H>H>>>>>!>C>66">>6$6H:DH:H>L:L>d[@$@$@>@2@2@2@>>(>$>>H9H:H>H>H:H9dVE><0<0<0H>>>H>@>>>E8B!22!!!WddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxNHHH2>>!488>>`?))dd>&&22>d&!!22?d%%dd??==Ld2d2H2E]]==d!22`d&"ddddHHddd2Hdd5HHddddd2dddddd2!!dddddH;ddHHHHHHHHHH!d2J>8?ddHdJ2!?H2?9HNAddHHHHHHHHHHddddd6dHHHHdddddddddddddddddddHHddddddSC=NdHddd+;HHHHddddddHHH2HHdHHdddHHH,HHHH,HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH!HHH!HHH!HHH!HHHHHHHHHHHHHJ8?682J69.=+H9L6C2J4[8H8?+L9H9;6;;,?.E6QFH0PEJLJ9H!?LEEJ68LEEI!!????JH???EEEJ!92,!ddhrZz.lZrrvvnFFZ8planning toward a marketoriented economy with increasing emphasis on private sectorled growth.  d(#Economic growth has begun to rebound since the Peace Accords. The GRM has recently streamlined  d(#the investment code, making the playing field more level for both domestic and foreign investors. Multi d(#party democracy there is only two years old and the institutions of democracy are just beginning to  d(#function as they must. The emergence of a multiparty National Assembly and plans to decentralize  d(# government are additional positive indicators. Recent increases in the prevalence of corruption and  d(#signs of poor management in the public sector are troubling signs, however. The task of consolidating Mozambique's economic and political reforms is complicated by its poverty.  }K- The Development Challenge.  d(#With an official average per capita income of $90 annually, Mozambique is among the poorest countries  d(#in the world. The overwhelming majority of Mozambicans live in poverty. Eighty percent of the total  d(#population lives in rural areas, twothirds of them in absolute poverty. Rainfed subsistence agriculture  d(#Mleaves the rural poor particularly vulnerable to recurring drought and natural disasters. The average  d(#daily caloric intake in Mozambique is just 77% of the daily estimated requirement (the average for sub d(#]Saharan Africa is 93%). Chronic malnutrition is estimated to affect 30% to 40% of Mozambiques children, with 6% believed to be acutely malnourished.  d(#MMeanwhile, the population's growth rate of 2.7% per annum erodes improvements in the standard of  d(#living. Mozambiques social services were decimated by war. Onethird of all rural health units were  d(#0either destroyed or closed during the long civil war there, with the result that roughly 60% of the  d(#population still lacks access to health services. Fifty percent of child deaths in Mozambiques hospitals  d(#are attributable to common, treatable diseases. HIV infection in USAIDs program focus area is  d(#estimated to be 10%. Illiteracy rates are 25% higher than the average for subSaharan Africa and nearly 70% of the primary school network has been closed down.  }K$- d(#A sine qua non for both rapid economic growth and democratization is continued policy reform. USAID  d(#>has been a leader among donors in setting the economic and political reform agenda in Mozambique.  d(#|USAID has urged rapid privatization of stateowned firms, actively promoted private American  d(#investment in Mozambique, and pressed the GRM to move swiftly on financial sector reform and  d(#clamping down on corruption. An unusually high level of donor collaboration exists both with respect  d(#kto economic policy reform and good governance. The policy dialogue with the GRM's economic team is very productive and open as well, which sets a positive framework for assistance programs. "h)0*0*0*z+"Ԍ d(#/ԙThe GRM recently outlined an ambitious program of financial sector reform, customs and tax reform,  d(#investment promotion, privatization, decentralization, and combatting corruption. Implementation has  d(#Mslipped somewhat, a high rate of inflation continues to retard investment, and reforms of the banking  d(#^sector and customs are still not fully implemented. The donor community has placed concrete  }K - d(#\achievements in these areas at the top of the policy agenda for 1996. Mozambique, however, has a  d(#>particular vulnerability with its external debt burden of approximately $5.2 billion, or nearly four times  d(#the Gross Domestic Product ($1.5 billion), as well as its exceptionally high dependence on external assistance ($1.1 billion).  d(#zMozambique's new democracy is very fragile. Power sharing with an informed National Assembly is  d(#beginning, but will require years of nurturing and strong political commitment. Internalizing the electoral  d(#kprocess so that it becomes a permanent feature of Mozambique's new democracy will also take time  d(#and effort. Greater community participation in local decisionmaking depends upon effective  d(#>implementation of GRM decentralization goals. Delivery of social services, such as health care, also requires innovative approaches involving local community participation in order to ensure sustainability.  }K - Other Donors.  d(#The United States is one of the largest donors in Mozambique and in FY 95 committed $44 million, plus  d(#/an additional $19 million of P.L. 480 assistance. The donor community at large pledged roughly $780  d(#million last year for development assistance. Other major contributors are: the World Bank, the  d(#International Monetary Fund, the United Nations agencies, the European Union, Sweden, Denmark, Italy and the Netherlands.  }K-  }K-FY 1997 Program.  d(#0USAIDs strategy focuses on the enhancement of human productivity through 1) increasing rural  d(#household income, 2) supporting efforts to ensure that government is more accountable to its citizens,  d(#>and 3) improving the health of women and children through increased use of innovative, community d(#Lbased child health and family planning services. Increasing rural income will not only provide resources  d(#zto improve the quality of life, but will also lead to onfarm investments and expansion of nascent rural  d(#>enterprises. Good government and democracy, which require informed participation, accountability,  d(#Mand respect for human rights are inextricably linked to sustainable development. Primary health care  d(#is critical to enhancing human productivity. Healthy people contribute to increased economic  d(#productivity and participation in government and are better able to devote time and resources to improving their families wellbeing.  }K- Agency Goal: Encouraging Broadbased Economic Growth  d(#4 <DL!4 <DL!As one of the worlds poorest countries, Mozambique requires broadbased, sustainable economic  d(#growth to reduce the number of its citizens living in poverty. USAID will continue its leadership role  d(#in promoting policy reform as the foundation of its strategy to accelerate economic growth.  d(#yMozambique is well endowed with agricultural resources and possesses one of the best arable landto d(#Mpopulation ratios in subSaharan Africa. USAIDs strategy will focus on the central provinces which  d(#1provide homes for over half of the population and the highest agricultural potential. USAID, in  d(#|collaboration with its private voluntary organization (PVO) partners, undertook a food security  d(#assessment and implementation strategy in March 1996. This assessment, and the subsequent  d(#development of a food security strategy, are necessary to guide USAID's work toward fulfillment of its  d(#country strategic plan subgoal of enhancing national food security. These activities will serve as the basis for the design of a new multiyear Title III program and Title II development activity proposals.  d(#The strategy supports improved access and market development, expanded rural enterprise, and  d(#{increased agricultural production through improvements in the policy environment, technology/skill  d(#transfer, and rehabilitation of basic infrastructure. In the postwar period, USAID funded PVO activities"h)0*0*0*z+"  d(#.that provided nearly 5 million returning refugees and internally dislocated persons with seeds and basic  d(#tools to enable them to reestablish their farms. Transport access is critical to increasing rural income.  d(#Recent USAID projects have demined and opened over 600 miles of rural access roads and reopened  d(#?the bridge that links the north to the south, thereby significantly increasing local capacity to move  d(#surplus food crops to fooddeficit areas. USAID has also identified an additional 900 miles of high  d(#priority access roads for rehabilitation in its target areas that will further encourage agricultural  d(#?production, lower the cost of marketing food crops and thus contribute to improved national food  d(#security. Support for the formation and expansion of rural enterprises will provide additional opportunities for valueadded transformation, expanded services delivery and employment generation. 4 <DL!4 <DL!  }K- sStrategic Objective 1:Rural Household Income Increased in Targeted Areas  }K-  }K` -Agency Goal: Building Democracy  }K - d(#| Emerging from 16 years of civil war and singleparty socialistic government, Mozambique held  d(#successful multiparty presidential and legislative elections in 1994. A legitimate, democratically elected  d(#|opposition now has substantial representation in the parliament. Democracy and participatory  d(#government are new concepts to Mozambique and institutionalization of these concepts is in an early  d(#stage. Further assistance will be required to firmly establish these democratic principles. Mozambique  d(# is a large country with poorly developed transportation and communications systems. Furthermore,  d(#Lthe central government does not have the resources to effectively address local issues. The GRM has  d(#kembarked on a program of decentralizing authority and resources to the provincial and district levels.  d(#Local elections are also planned for 1997. During the postelection period, USAID provided assistance  d(#to help establish a multiparty parliament. New legislation is being actively and openly debated. However, the lack of transparency and accountability in government continues to be a serious problem.  }KP- sStrategic Objective 2:Government More Accountable to Citizens  }K-  }K-Agency Goal: Stabilizing World Population Growth and Protecting Human Health  d(#{Current estimates of infant, child (under 5 years) and maternal mortality suggest that conditions in  d(#MMozambique are among the worst in the world. Life expectancy is 44 years for males and 48 years  d(#lfor females. At all levels of the health care infrastructure, the health sector lacks the institutional,  d(#zhuman and financial resources to deliver quality health services, especially in the rural areas. USAID  d(#has been a world leader in developing innovative, lowcost mechanisms to deliver basic lifesaving health  d(#services to mothers and children. USAIDs comparative advantage in the health sector lies in health  d(#services delivery as evidenced by past achievements in its Primary Health Care Support Project, USAID  d(#supplied essential drugs to rural health facilities, and the provision of technical assistance and inservice  d(#training for improved management and increased use of data for planning purposes in several provinces.  d(#USAID/Mozambique and its PVO partners have earned a reputation for service delivery in emergency  d(#health and nutrition. In the postemergency period, these lowcost/communitybased health service  d(#delivery mechanisms will be improved and expanded to newly resettled areas. While the allocation of  d(#=government resources to the social sector increased dramatically last year, allocations are nonetheless  d(#\inadequate to provide basic services. Close collaboration with the PVO community has helped in the  d(#formulation of USAIDs strategy, and both USAID and the government are relying on communityled initiatives, with PVO assistance, to expand the availability of and access to adequate health care.  }K$- ,`,sStrategic Objective 3:4Use of Essential Maternal/Child Health/Family Planning Services Increased in Focus Areas(#  }KH&- "'0*0*0*)"  }K-Agency Goal: Providing Humanitarian Assistance  d(#LDrought is becoming increasingly common in Mozambique and food security for a significant percentage  d(#of the population is threatened on a regular basis. Improvements in food crop marketing and  d(#ktransportation will help to diminish this problem but, for the near term, periodic emergency assistance  }K- d(#will likely be required. USAID retains its capacity to provide humanitarian assistance using a  d(#kcombination of P.L. 480 Title II Emergency and Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance resources. The  d(#/USAID food security assessment looked at phasing down the historical support of Title II emergency  d(#feeding programs and instead increasing the role of both Title II and Title III efforts further along the relief to development continuum.  }K-sStrategic Objective 1:Rural Household Income Increased in Targeted Areas  }K` -  }K( - "( 0*0*0* "  }K- ^MOZAMBIQUE  }K- .FY 1997 PROGRAM SUMMARY ă }K-#SxP7P##hxP7P#у h ddx !ddx  Z h    &&   `F#O PE37ZP#nJ"      _ Encouragingg Broadbased  Economic  GrowthR("CXStabilizing LWorld @?Population D`Growth & BbProtecting HHuman HHealth R("8 8 8 8 "Protecting the EnvironmentR("     Building DemocracyR("5 5 5 5 "Providing FHumanitarian Assistance 5"             `Fm TOTALS     &&  USAID Strategic Objectives                &&  1. Rural household income increased in targeted areas Dev. Fund for Africa P.L. 480 Title II #*, *,  11,165,504 #t #  7,762,959 #l #R, R, R, (10,700,000 #V" V" z18,928,463 z10,700,000  z   &v&  2. Government more accountable to citizens Dev. Fund for Africafv#*,fv#tfv#fv#l l ?3,374,474fv#R,fv#V" V" }) 3,374,474z l   &ve&  3. Use of essential maternal/child health/ family planning services increased in focus areas Dev. Fund for Africa P.L. 480 Title IIe#*,e#t t t t J|14,583,565 te#e#le#R, R, R, R, R, -1,800,000e#V" V" V" V" z14,583,565 ) 1,800,000l   f &e&   `FZ Totals Dev. Fund for Africa P.L. 480 Title II|#*,  11,165,504  10,700,000|#t HP 14,583,565 t|# S 7,762,959  |#l ?3,374,474|#R, P & 12,500,000|#V" x36,886,502 x 12,500,000    }K-#hxP7P#`(# USAID Mission Director: James T. Smith (Acting) #xp7C@#у"0*0*0*""  ~J-#xp7C@# #K2PTP#DOACTIVITY DATA SHEET  J- PROGRAM: MOZAMBIQUE  JZ- TITLE AND NUMBER: Rural Household Income Increased in Targeted Areas, 656S001  J$- STATUS: Continuing  J- d(#, PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: FY 1997: $18,928,463 DFA; $10,700,000 P.L.480 Title II  J- INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1996; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2001 " ~J- d(#\"  Purpose: To increase household income of the rural poor in the central provinces of Mozambique by increasing access to markets, expanding rural enterprises and increasing agricultural output.  ~Jj - d(#Background: Mozambiques economy was shattered by years of civil war and economic mismanagement.  d(#\With the arrival of peace and stability, a concerted effort to economically develop the country is now  d(#possible. This rural, largely agrarian, society will depend upon smallholder agriculture to propel export and  d(#yoverall economic growth for the foreseeable future. Therefore, USAID will direct its resources to help in  d(#creating the conditions for improving rural incomes through laborintensive activities such as farming and  d(#expanding small and microenterprises to stimulate rapid growth of the direct incomes of the rural poor.  d(#kThis approach will produce growth with equity and contribute significantly to enhanced national food security.  ~Jr- d(#yUSAID Role and Achievements to Date: Although the Mission's Country Program Strategic Plan was only  d(#Mapproved last year, this strategic objective builds upon the highly successful Transition Program that  d(#removed economic policies constraining the private sector, supplied a broad safety net through the  d(#provision of food aid and the seeds and tools needed to reestablish agricultural production, and improved  d(#]the market infrastructure. While the focus of the Transition Program was on averting hunger and  d(#?starvation, bringing peace to the land, and reintegrating dislocated populations into the social and  d(#economic life of the country, the current strategy focuses on the development of the productive capacity  d(#<of the rural population. The resurgence of agricultural production and economic activity is readily apparent.  d(#In the past year, the country as a whole moved from producing 57% to 72% of its own cereal food  d(#requirements. The production of the important cash crops, cotton and cashews, increased 41% and 67%, respectively.  ~J- d(#Description: To increase sustainable agricultural output and expand rural small and microenterprises, the  d(#Private Voluntary Support II Project finances the work of private voluntary organizations (PVOs) to deliver  d(#improved seed and farming knowhow to smallholders and increase the valueadded processing and  d(#ymarketing of their production, while transferring business and entrepreneurial skills. Developmental food  d(#>aid programs contribute significantly to these objectives by using foodforwork and monetized local  d(#jcurrencies for the same purposes. To increase market access, the Private Sector Support Program and  d(#Technical Assistance Project is promoting an improved economic policy environment and disseminating  d(#market prices that provide incentives to agricultural production while the Commodity Import Program  d(#Lsupports the importation of U.S. capital goods. Perhaps most importantly, the new Rural Access Project  d(#is continuing to rehabilitate rural access roads, thus linking surplus foodproducing areas with food deficit areas.  d(#>P.L. 480 Title II and anticipated Title III activities fall under strategic objective one and contribute to the  d(#third strategic objective, Increased Use of Essential Maternal Child Health and Family Planning Services.  d(#The Mission has a Food Team to address food security issues and the programming of Title II and III  d(#resources. The food security objectives of access and availability are both addressed through strategic  d(#objective one; food utilization is addressed under strategic objective three. The special strategic objective of Providing Humanitarian Relief is for Emergency Programs only. "(0*0*0**"  d(#>USAID activities under Title II and III have moved from a relief focus to a developmental focus. Under  d(#lTitle II, USAID will work with its PVO partners (World Vision, CARE, Africare, ADRA and Save the  d(#Children) to design and implement programs to promote greater food access, availability and utilization.  d(#The earlier Title III commercial food aid program successfully engaged the private sector, and especially  d(#microenterprises, in the cereals market trade. If a new multiyear Title III program is approved, it will work  d(#to expand local oilseed production and processing, as well as to continue to leverage policy reforms in the  d(#areas of liberalizing prices and marketing, and de-regulating private formal and informal trade of  d(#agricultural commodities. The commodities being considered for both Title II monetization and possible Title III programs are wheat, crude vegetable oil, and possibly rice.  ~J- d(#Host Country and Other Donors: Other donors are also very active in the rural development of the central  d(#provinces. On a technical level, key donors (World Bank, United States, Sweden, Denmark, Germany,  d(#=Great Britain) meet regularly to coordinate efforts. The Ministry of Public Works and Housing effectively  d(#coordinates donor assistance into the rehabilitation of rural roads under the World Bankled Roads and  d(#Coastal Shipping Project. A donor working group is chaired by the ViceMinister of Agriculture and  d(#-Fisheries, and a subworking group coordinates the assistance of donors to the reform and implementation  d(#Mof land use policies. Donors are even more active in discussion and coordination of macroeconomic  d(#>issues (in which USAID plays a key role) and sectoral policy formulation with the Government of the Republic of Mozambique (GRM).  ~J- d(#[Beneficiaries: An estimated nine million people, 52% of Mozambiques population, live in the target areas  d(#for the USAID strategy. Virtually all of these will benefit from the improved policy environment and market  d(#information system. In conjunction with other donors, the overall multidonor roads program and market  d(#information system will improve market access for 65% of the population. Food aid assistance, either  d(#through food for work programs or monetized food commodities (programs that permit the use of local currency from the sale of U.S.provided food aid), will provide a food safety net for 2.5 million people.  ~J- d(#Principal Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: PVOs include World Vision, Care, Africare, Food for the  d(#.Hungry, National Cooperative Business Association, Heifer Project, Save the Children, World Relief, and  d(#the Adventist Relief and Development Agency. U.S. universities include Michigan State University and the  d(# University of Wisconsin. Contractors for the road rehabilitation and maintenance work are still to be determined.  ~J-Major Results Indicators:   ~J-s` `  hhCqBaseline  )Target   ~JX-Increase in real average household incomeq$ 55 per annum (1995)  )$98 per annum(2001)  ~J -Change in volume and value (corn)hhCq83,000 tons (1995)   )134,000 tons(2001)  ~J-of marketed goods (beans)hhCq12,500 tons (1995)   )20,100 tons(2001)  ~J- s` `  (cashews)hhC q22,000 tons (1995)   )35,400 tons(2001) Change in the size and number of  ~J@-small and microenterprises@N K!<ԍ#ixP7P#Survey in early FY97 to establish baseline for small and microenterprise.#x6X@8;"X@#  ~J -Increase crop production(corn)hhC q346,500 tons (1995)  )449,000 tons (2001)  ~J -(in four target provinces)  ~J!-Increase livestock productionhhCq 90,500 (1995)  )145,500 (2001) small ruminants (in four target provinces) "#d0*0*0*%"    DOACTIVITY DATA SHEET  J- PROGRAM: MOZAMBIQUE  JZ- TITLE AND NUMBER: Government More Accountable to Citizens, 656S002  J$- STATUS: Continuing  J- PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: FY 1997: $3,374,474 DFA  J- INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1996; ESTIMATE COMPLETION DATE: FY 2001  ~JJ-Purpose: To increase citizen influence on government policies and actions impacting on their lives.  ~J-  ~J- d(#kBackground: The Government in Mozambique has historically been unresponsive, due to lack of will,  d(#capacity and resources, to the needs and interests of the vast majority of the population. The central  d(#government's power and authority in much of the rural countryside is marginal at bestand parasitic at  d(#worst. In much of the countryside, traditional authorities are the most legitimate form of leadership. Over  d(#ythe last year or two, however, slow improvements in governance were discerned. In 1994, with crucial  d(#lU.S. leadership and support, the country conducted its first multiparty national elections. A more  d(#-representative legislature is now functioning and civil society is increasingly able to make its views known.  d(#Legislation supporting representative local government is now law. Given USAID's worldwide experience  d(#in the democracy and governance (DG) sector, the Agency's significant role in affecting recent DG  d(# improvements in Mozambique, and the receptivity on the part of both government and civil society to  d(#assistance in this area, this strategic objective was a natural choice. This program includes the final two years of DG activities under the Democratic Initiatives Project.  ~J:-  ~J- d(#zUSAID Role and Achievements to Date: Achievements in the DG sector include support for the 1994  d(#national elections, including training of some 32,000 political party monitors, civic/voter education reaching  d(#an estimated 1.7 million eligible voters, and logistics. The election, in which 80% to 85% of the total  d(#Lestimated electorate voted, is considered a model by international observers. Since the election, efforts  d(#have focused on strengthening the capacity and/or understanding of various actors in the political arena,  d(#including the legislature, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) representing civil society interests, and  d(#traditional authorities. USAID will continue to work, as it has in the past, very closely with other members of the U.S. Country Team to achieve further results in this area.  ~JB-  ~J - d(#yDescription: USAID activities will focus on four main areas: 1) civic education programs implemented by  d(#LU.S. and local NGOs designed to inform citizens about their rights and responsibilities, such as voting, in  d(#a pluralistic democratic system; 2) technical assistance to support decentralization through strengthening  d(#the ability of communitybased organizations to participate in local governance, and of local governments  d(#ito effectively respond to voiced priorities and interests; 3) through policy dialogue and technical assistance,  d(#xsupport to the process of raising civil society viewpoints on key public policy issues, e.g., the role of central  d(#government, to the attention of government policy makers through increased, informed public debate; and  d(#4) strengthening the electoral process through technical assistance aimed at building the capacity and  d(#kknowledge of key actors in the process, namely the electorate, political parties and the government's  d(#administrator of elections. The sustainability of these efforts is predicated on the belief that once a  d(#government becomes more accountable, those in civil society benefiting from that responsiveness will be very reluctant to see accountability decline, and will therefore act on their own behalf to preserve it.  ~Jj"-  ~J2#- d(#LHost Country and Other Donors: Based largely on USAID's past contributions to the DG sector, both the  d(#central government and civil society actors are receptive to most aspects of this program. Many of the  d(#donors active in Mozambique are involved to some extent in the sector. The World Bank and the United  d(#Nations Development Program (UNDP) will likely continue their significant DG programs. In terms of  d(#>resource levels, the USAID program ranks perhaps fourth or fifth in overall size, and second or third  d(#among bilateral programs. In terms of influence, however, the U.S. effort ranks near the top. Other major  d(#Zdonors are primarily working to strengthen central government institutions. In contrast, no significant efforts  d(#are being made through other donors to increase government accountability. It should be noted that in"(0*0*0**"  d(#the DG sector, in particular, USAID works extremely closely with other donors, in this case through the Aid to Democracy Group chaired by the UNDP.  ~J-  ~JX- d(#Beneficiaries: In order to increase the chances of measurable impact given resource constraints, USAID  d(#will focus civic education and decentralization activities in three out of the four central provinces selected  d(#as the target of the overall USAID program due to their large population concentrations and potential for  d(#[agriculturallyled economic development. Given the national scope of other activities under the program,  d(#lachievement of the strategic objective will benefit all Mozambicans. Women and other historically disenfranchised groups will be specifically targeted for impact monitoring.  ~J-  ~J- d(#Principal Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: Activities under the strategic objective will be implemented  d(#=primarily through U.S. and local NGOs. U.S. organizations involved with the current program include the  d(#zNational Democratic Institute, the International Republican Institute, the African American Institute, and the State University of New York.  ~J -  ~J -Major Results Indicators:   ~J -s` `  hhCqBaselineppTarget  ~JH -Within focus areas, perceptions ofhhCNational Level 1% (1995)National Level25% (2001) influence on public decisions by  ~J-Political actors (citizens, political party hhCLocal level 0%N K0< d(#yԍ#ixP7P#Unless otherwise indicated, "local level" refers to six to eight targeted areas, or districts, within  }K-four central Mozambican provinces.#x6X@8;"X@#ppLocal Level  ~J-leaders, national and local level hhCq (1995)pp In Target Area50% (2001)  ~Jh-assembly deputies, civil society actors)hhC q (1995)pp In Focus Area25% (2001)  ~J0-s` `  hhCq (1995)pp Nationally15% (2001)  ~J-Key macropolitical reforms implementedq  pp 7 to 13 reforms  ~J-s` `  hhCq (1995)pp implemented (2001)  ~J-Increase citizen participation inhhCNational Level 1% (1995)National 25% (2001)  ~JP-governance at the national and local hhCLocal Level 0% (1995)Local 50% (2001) levels. Citizens in focus areas who have had contact with national and local assembly deputies  ~J8-National assembly deputies hhC35% (1995)pp100% (2001) who have consulted constituents in focus areas within the last six month period  ~J -Local assembly deputies who have hhC 0% (1995)pp 50% (2001) consulted constituents in focus areas within the last six month period  ~Jx-Government and civil society hhCNational Level 5% (1995)National Level 50% (2001)  ~J@-institutions are effective andhhCLocal Level 5% (1995)Local Level 75% (2001) accountable at the national and local levels. Citizens in focus areas understand how and why public decisions are made and implemented by executive branch at the national  ~J#-and local levels #x6X@7"X@#"# ,0*0*0*%"  ~J-#xp7C@##K2PTP#DOACTIVITY DATA SHEET  J- PROGRAM: MOZAMBIQUE  JZ- TITLE AND NUMBER: Use of Essential Maternal/Child Health/Family Planning Services in Focus Areas, 656S003  J- STATUS: Continuing  J- d(# PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: FY 1997: $14,583,565 DFA; $1,800,000 P.L. 480 Title II  JH- INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1996; ESTIMATE COMPLETION DATE: FY 2001  ~J- d(# ~Purpose: To increase use of essential communitybased maternal child health services by increasing access and demand for services and improving management in focus areas.  ~Jj -  ~J2 - d(#Background: Current estimates of infant, child and maternal mortality suggest that health conditions in  d(#Mozambique are among the worst in the world. The infant mortality rate is estimated to be 140 to 173 per  d(#M1,000 children, while child maternal mortality is estimated between 260 to 275 per 1,000. The official  d(#maternal mortality rate is 300 per 100,000 life births, but the actual rate is much higher since  d(#iapproximately 60% of births occur without assistance from a trained provider (thus, data are not captured).  d(#In addition, due in part to massive population movements during and after the civil war, it is estimated that  d(#10% of the population in USAID focus areas is infected with HIV/AIDS. Access to health information and  d(#Lservice remains the major constraint to increased use of health services. Only an estimated 30% of the  d(#population has access to health care, and as many as 40% of the facilities have no trained staff. The  d(#health sector lacks the institutional, human and financial resources to deliver quality health services, as well as an adequate information base on which to make decisions and set priorities.  ~J-  ~J- d(#/USAID Role and Achievements to Date: Through its Primary Health Care Support Project, USAID has  d(#.supplied essential drugs to most rural health facilities throughout the country. The project also provides  d(#\technical assistance and inservice training for improved management and increased use of data for  d(#Mplanning purposes in three provinces. This technical assistance will continue with the new strategy  d(#approved last year. Through the Private Voluntary Organization (PVO) Support Project, USAID provides  d(#kgrants to 11 U.S. and international PVOs to improve rural health by delivering basic health, water and  d(#isanitation services. This support has evolved from an emergencyoriented approach to one stressing long d(#term development and sustainability. Under USAID's new strategy, support for the child survival activities of PVOs will continue, with increased emphasis on child survival and reproductive health issues.  d(#This strategic objective was a logical choice, one in which USAID's comparative advantage can make a  d(#significant difference, given that 1) USAIDs acknowledged leadership in maternal and child health and  d(#<years of experience supporting innovative lowcost approaches to health service delivery, 2) the Mission's  d(#credibility and experience in the sector, and 3) the GRM's receptivity and recently revised policy framework.  ~JJ-  ~J - d(#Description: This strategic objective will focus on the delivery of basic essential community based  d(#maternal and child health services and practices, such as diarrheal disease prevention and treatment,  d(#vaccination, child spacing, prenatal care, nutrition, health education, breastfeeding promotion, and  d(#HIV/AIDS and sexuallytransmitted diseases prevention and treatment. This will entail working with  d(#co