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A. a.(1)(a) i) a)DocumentҲa1DocumentE+GJDocument Style| ?w=(Ghg!*GF *  ׃  2qea2DocumentE+GJDocument Style| ?w=(Ghg!*G*    a3DocumentE+GJDocument Style| ?w=(Ghg!*G0     a4DocumentE+GJDocument Style| ?w=(Ghg!*G   . a5DocumentE+GJDocument Style| ?w=(Ghg!*G  2Ke p p ca6DocumentE+GJDocument Style| ?w=(Ghg!*G  a7DocumentE+GJDocument Style| ?w=(Ghg!*G ` ` ` a8DocumentE+GJDocument Style| ?w=(Ghg!*G ` ` ` Tech Init"65Initialize Technical Style"*GJgE  1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Technical2 } -^ a1Technical+GJTechnical Document Stylew=(Ghg#*G 4!     a2Technical+GJTechnical Document Stylew=(Ghg#*G *    a3Technical+GJTechnical Document Stylew=(Ghg#*G'   a4Technical+GJTechnical Document Stylew=(Ghg#*G&   28 $  .  a5Technical+GJTechnical Document Stylew=(Ghg#*G&   . a6Technical+GJTechnical Document Stylew=(Ghg#*G&!"  . a7Technical+GJTechnical Document Stylew=(Ghg#*G&#$  . a8Technical+GJTechnical Document Stylew=(Ghg#*G&%&  . 2/}j epLsPleading$65Header for numbered pleading paper*GJgE%'(   ,#6X@@##x6X@X@# X  y*dddyy*dddy HH1 HH2 HH3 HH4 HH5 HH6 HH7 HH8 HH9 H10 H11 H12 H13 H14 H15 H16 H17 H18 H19 H20 H21 H22 H23 H24 H25 H26 H27 H28   Heading 2(65Underlined Heading Flush Left(*GJgE)* Heading 1)65Centered Heading(Ghg)*GJgE+,* Ã  Bullet List65Indented Bullet Listhg**GJgE-.` ` ` 2XaV1Jg+65Z| ?w=(Ghg+*GJgE/0Headingg,65Chapter Heading=(Ghg,*GJgE31 2 *  ׃  Right Par-65Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbers*GJgE<34@    Subheading65Subheadingw=(Ghg.*GJgE.5 6  2^qn1-Headg/65bold| ?w=(Ghg/*GJgE78 1-Photos065Return, "Photos" UL, bold: indent*GJgE9: Photos: ` ` ` 1-textg165bold| ?w=(Ghg1*GJgE;< Text: 1-Lineg265Full baseline, followed by Head text*GJgE=>yxdddy 2 !"#Default Para65Default Paragraph Fonthg3*GJgE O?O@#XN\  PXP##A\  PP#a12E+GJRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersGhg<*G!8AB@   a22E+GJRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersGhg<*G"ACD@` `  ` ` ` a32E+GJRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersGhg<*G#JEF` ` @  ` `  2$%&T'a42E+GJRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersGhg<*G$SGH` `  @  a52E+GJRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersGhg<*G%\IJ` `  @hh# hhh a62E+GJRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersGhg<*G&eKL` `  hh#@( hh# a72E+GJRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersGhg<*G'nMN` `  hh#(@- ( 2$( 0a82E+GJRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersGhg<*G(wOP` `  hh#(-@pp2 -ppp Ыx6X@X@<6X9`("Courier 10cpiX6X@@<6X9`("Courier 10cpix6X@X@<6X9`("Courier 10cpiXXN\  PXP\  `*Times New RomanTTXA\  PP\  `*Times New RomanTTxp7,xA`&UniversScalable^H  @S ^@>  9`(2Courier 7pt (Land PX SC)^X~xP7XP,xA`&Univers (Scalable)XTxP7P,xA`&Univers (Scalable)xp 7,xA`&UniversScalable2$$#|x#xp7#  FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA ă  FY 1997 Assistance to Central Europe Request:p(#C $16,000,000 The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), the poorest country of the former Yugoslavia, was the only former republic to gain independence peacefully. Although FYROM declared its independence in 1991, the United States did not establish full diplomatic relations until September 13, 1995. The FYRMacedonians have assertively pursued policies aimed at reforming the economy and strengthening democratic institutions. Despite the hardships imposed by external forces (UN sanctions against Serbia and the Greek embargo), FYROM persisted in implementing the key reforms urged by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund in their proposed stabilization program. The Development Challenge. FYROM is suffering from many of the same ills as other East European countries going through the transition from a centralized to a market economy and from a socialist to a democratic society. With most of the agricultural land already privately owned and with fewer industrial environmental disasters, FYROM has certain advantages over its neighbors. However, the country dealt with the effects of compliance with the United Nationsmandated sanctions against Serbia, which accounted for 60% of its markets prior to the disintegration of Yugoslavia, and which also served as a conduit to other East, Central and West European markets. Further, the country had to deal with the effects of the trade embargo imposed by Greece from February 1994 to October, 1995, in response to the declared constitutional name (Republic of Macedonia), the use of national symbols, and alleged territorial ambitions. Current government estimates put the cumulative price of the sanctions and Greek embargo at over $2 billion. The FYROM government faces the additional challenge of having to create institutions to perform national functions previously performed by the federal government in Belgrade. Lastly, ethnic tensions remain a critical factor in the ability of the government to maintain its integrity and stability. Despite these numerous obstacles, FYRMacedonians appear to have the natural and human resources, and have demonstrated the political will, to transform their economic and political systems. In its first two years of implementation, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bankmandated stabilization program has produced positive effects. Inflation has been brought under control; the annual inflation rate was 1,925% in 1992, fell to 229% in 1993, 54% in 1994 (compared to the 70% rate projected by the IMF) and down to 16% in 1995 (again exceeding the IMF targets). In July 1995, FYRMacedonia reached an agreement with the Paris Club of official creditors that provides $288 million in debt relief and ratified an understanding on the allocation of responsibility for the external debt of the former Yugoslavia (nonallocated debt). FYRMacedonia accepted responsibility for 5.4% of the nonallocated debt, as well as for debt that was owed or guaranteed by entities located on its territory. USAID expects that FYRMacedonia will have the institutional and other resources to continue its own transition. Current plans are to phasout SEED Act assistance within the next several years. Other Donors. With the repayment of the arrears to the World Bank, FYROM is now receiving assistance from international financial institutions such as the World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the IMF and the World Bank's International Development Association. And as a result of the signing of the Greek/FYROM Accord on September 13, 1995, FYRMacedonian participation in the EC PHARE program is expected to increase. Germany was the largest provider of assistance to FYRMacedonia (primarily in humanitarian assistance and commodities). FY 1997 Program. While the core FY 1997 program represents a continuation of multiyear programs begun in FY 1995, it also reflects the progress being made by FYRMacedonia in the transition to a democratic system and a market economy. In the area of democracy, for example, the focus of the initial project activities was on national elections, creation and development of political parties, and the legal framework for independence. The focus is now shifting to the local level with activities targeted at building capacity of local government, civic organizations, and grassroots political organizations. In the financial sector, the focus is shifting from national oversight of the banking system (banking supervision) to capacity building within the commercial banking sector, and from development of national tax laws to the administration of tax collection systems. Lastly, in the area of privatization, the focus is shifting from nationallevel management of the privatization process to capacity building at the individual business level, and provision of mechanisms for obtaining access to credit. Strategic Goal: Economic Restructuring Despite the stresses of the UN sanctions against Serbia and the Greek embargo, the FYRMacedonian Government has maintained its commitment to economic reform and has complied with (or even bettered) the stabilization program developed in conjunction with the IMF and the World Bank. Fiscal reforms were successfully implemented: most subsidies were eliminated; government foreign currency reserves were increased; and wages were brought under control. Structural reforms, although moving more slowly, were nonetheless significant, with a majority of nonagricultural, sociallyowned enterprises privatized, and with the major bank (accounting for 70% of assets and liabilities) restructured. USAID played a key role in many of these reforms. USAID worked with the Privatization Agency to establish the procedures for privatizing public enterprises. Most viable small and medium enterprises have now been incorporated into the process. USAID trained staff on valuation techniques, advised them on privatization options, wrote a guide for potential foreign investors, and issued investment kits to prepare companies for foreign investment and for stock market listings. In the financial arena, USAID assisted in creating a bank supervision function at the central bank, participated in a World Bank assessment of the four largest banks, and provide advice on the restructuring of the largest bank. One advisor to the Bank Rehabilitation Agency provided assistance in the definition of that agency's functions and in the training of new staff. USAID also provided legal experts to advise on revisions to laws on the central bank, commercial banks, and savings houses. Under a SEED contract, business resource centers are now assisting new entrepreneurs in basic business skills. A program of microlending has been initiated, and rural, userowned credit institutions are being developed for farmers. Considerable effort will be needed to ensure that new entrepreneurs gain the skills needed to ensure survivability. More emphasis needs to be placed on the completion of legal and banking systems reforms. Further work is needed in privatization, including privatization of the agrikombinats (agriindustrial complex) and the 388 companies that were excluded from the original privatization law based on their "strategic" nature. The major constraints on privatization are lack of interest by potential foreign investors due to (1) uncertain economic conditions; (2) lack of adequate financial institutions; and (3) an uncertain regulatory environment. Strategic Objective:Accelerated Development and Growth of Private Enterprises Strategic Goal: Democratic Transition As with reforms to a market economy, FYR Macedonia has shown a strong and enduring commitment to the transition to a democratic society. USAID activities have contributed significantly to this transition. USAID has been involved in institutionbuilding in indigenous NGOs. Catholic Relief Services is developing parent/teacher associations in ethnicallymixed schools throughout the country. This activity has become a model for other neighboring countries dealing with ethnic issues at the local level. The FYRMacedonian Government has recently established a requirement that all schools in the country have such associations. Delphi STAR is working to develop indigenous women's organizations. As part of the Democracy Network Project, the Institute for Sustainable Communities is focussing on environmental NGOs. The International Center for NotForProfit Law is assisting in improving the NGO related legal and regulatory environment and The National Forum Foundation is providing national, regional, and international internships , regional workshops and conferences. The National Democratic Institute is working on ways to ensure greater citizen involvement in the political process. A new public administration project is working with local governments to develop their institutional capacities. Given a series of new laws affecting local government, USAID will establish pilot programs in five cities, and will work with the Association of Mayors to ensure that local leaders can meet the challenges. Most of USAID's democracy projects are just initiating multiyear programs, so their efforts at enhancing democracy are still in the early stages. Changing people's perceptions of their ongoing responsibilities to participate actively in their government is not something accomplished quickly. Further assistance is needed in public administration. Legislation and procedures are needed in formalizing the structure of the national government. Administrative procedures need to be established to address government regulatory responsibilities, including public participation; while assistance is needed to develop a modern civil service system for government employees. Strategic Objective:Increased, BetterInformed Citizens' Participation in Political and  F` `  Economic DecisionMaking Strategic Objective:Legal Systems That Better Support Democratic Processes and Market ` `  Reforms  #^H  @S ^@#*#X~xP7XP# Ã FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA =FY 1997 PROGRAM SUMMARY *#TxP7P# ă r ddx` 88888 ddx` 88888 r &  & Strategic ObjectivesEconomic Restructuring Democratic TransitionSocial StabilizationCrosscutting / Special InitiativesTotal&. . &Privatization&. . &Fiscal Reform &. . &Private Enterprise10,250,00010,250,000&. . &Financial Reform&. . &Energy&. . &Citizens' Participation 2,700,000 2,700,000&. . &Legal Systems 2,650,000 2,600,000&. . &Local Government&. . &Crises&. . &Social Benefits &. . &Environmental Health &. . &Crosscutting / Special Initiatives 400,000 400,000&~     ~     &TOTAL10,250,000 5,350,000   400,00016,000,000` `   USAID Representative: Linda Gregory#xp 7# ACTIVITY DATA SHEET Ð  PROGRAM: FYR Macedonia TITLE: Private Enterprise, 180S001.3 STATUS: Continuing PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: FY 1997: $10,250,000 SEED Act INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1993; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2000 Purpose: Accelerated development and growth of private enterprises. Background: FYRMacedonia initiated its privatization process in June 1993 with passage of the Law on Transformation of SociallyOwned Enterprises. A privatization agency was created in December of that year, charged with managing the privatization process. A methodology for valuation of companies was developed, and valuators were trained and licensed by the agency. Small and medium companies (SME) were to submit their privatization plans by December 1994; large companies were given an additional year. A total of roughly 1,200 companies were targeted for privatization. Agricultural kombinats were excluded from the process, due to the need to resolve the issue of land ownership first. [Most agricultural production has been on individual farms which remained in private hands through the social era.] "Strategic" companies (utilities, public service monopolies, etc.) were also excluded in this first privatization program, since their privatization process would need to address more complicated issues of regulation in the public interest. As of the end of January, close to 900 companies had completed the process, while another 250 companies were in the pipeline. Legislation on denationalization of land, and the related privatization of agricultural kombinats, is now under consideration by the government. While the largest number of companies are in the trade sector, most of the new company owners and managers are anxious for assistance in making the transition to a private, market economy. USAID Role and Achievements to Date: A team of USAID advisors worked directly with the Privatization Agency, assisting them in developing the privatization process, in developing information materials for potential foreign investors, and in publicizing, both domestically and internationally, the opportunities for investment in FYRMacedonian businesses. One of the advisors produced a publication entitled "Doing Business in FYRMacedonia" which has been distributed all over the world. Another advisor was instrumental in getting press coverage for FYRMacedonia's privatization process in several European business publications. And advisors to the central bank and to the bank rehabilitation agency have assisted in the restructuring and reform of the commercial banking sector, a vital factor in attracting new investment, whether foreign or domestic. Description: Shifting its focus from the privatization process to the encouragement of the newlycreated private sector, USAID has a developed a number of activities aimed at providing businesses with the technical and managerial skills to succeed in the new arena of a market economy. A business resource center has been established to respond to individual requests for assistance from the new private sector; a cadre of experts, both short and long term, can perform a "diagnostic" assessment of a company and then target assistance to areas which will have the greatest impact on profitability. A program is being designed to provide technical assistance to commercial banks which will be coping with sizable lines of credit targeted to small and medium enterprises. Another project is establishing a mechanism for offering credit to very small entrepreneurs (microlending), while yet another is working to create memberowned financial institutions in rural areas, to provide access to credit for farmers and others in rural areas not fully supported by the commercial banking system. The farmertofarmer program provides grassrootslevel assistance to farmers on a onetoone basis, while a sheeporiented project is attempting to expand production and marketing of milk and cheese from the very large population of sheep breeders. Critical to the success of the new private sector is the ability to deal with the social impacts of the needed restructuring. USAID is funding an advisor to the pension program, which is allocated 15% of the sales proceeds from privatization. Host Country and Other Donors: USAID program are intermeshed with donor activities throughout the portfolio. On the business resource centers, we are coordinating closely with the UK Know How Fund, which is financing two small centers in regional cities, as well as with the World Bank, which is using our centers for advice to potential borrowers for new credit lines coming on line. This project has also negotiated agreements with both British and Dutch retired executive programs, to provide a framework for shortterm assistance from those sources. In the area of commercial banking, USAID activities are being coordinated with small training programs being implemented by the European Bank (EBRD) and the UK Know How Fund. Lines of credit for SME's are being established by EBRD, the World Bank, and Germany. In the agricultural area, USAID activities are coordinated closely with the World Bank's Private Farmer Support Project. And the assistance to the pension program are being closely coordinated with similar assistance being provided by the World Bank in related social assurance programs (welfare, health, and unemployment). Beneficiaries: Although USAID programs will specifically benefit new private sector companies, pensioners, bankers and farmers, the benefits will accrue to all FYRMacedonians through development of an improved economic climate and increased employment and productivity. Principal Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: USAID programs are being implemented by Crimson Capital, Carana Corporation, KPMG Peat Marwick, Opportunity International, the World Council of Credit Unions (WOCCU), Volunteers in Overseas Cooperative Assistance (VOCA), Land O'Lakes, Financial Services Volunteer Corps (FSVC), and the U.S. Information Agency (USIA). Implementors for new projects in SME development and commercial banking have not yet been identified. Major Results Indicators:* Volume of business support services available to private sector from selfsustaining local institutions Pension fund selfsustaining and current on disbursements Government regulatory processes in place to address obstacles to SME growth Number of sociallyowned enterprises privatized Number of loans made to private sector enterprises by commercial banks Number of rural credit associations established Reduction in disease rates for sheep; expanded production of milk and cheese *These are illustrative indicators. ENI missions are in the midst of the complex process of developing meaningful, measurable countryspecific indicators and targets, which will be completed by June 1996. ACTIVITY DATA SHEET   PROGRAM: FYRMacedonia TITLE:  Citizens' Participation, 180S002.1 STATUS: Continuing PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: FY 1997: $2,700,000 SEED Act INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1993; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2000 Purpose: Increased, betterinformed citizens' participation in political and economic decision making. Background: Following its independence in 1991, FYRMacedonia made a commitment to a democratic system. Initial elections were assessed as being largely fair and open by international observers, as were the second national elections held in the fall of 1994. Turnout at the last national election was approximately 78%. A draft law on elections at the national level was defeated in parliament just before the last election, resulting in the election being conducted according to an old Yugoslavian law. The law on local governments was passed late last year, and elections are expected to take place late in 1996. Two prerequisites for such elections include a law on territories (defining the municipalities) and a law on local elections. Passage is expected in the summer or fall. While there are numerous indigenous NGOs in FYRMacedonia, they have not been as active as in other countries. The press is not generally viewed as independent or unbiased, with the largecirculation papers viewed by many citizens as being under the thumb of the national government. Most citizens have not yet come to recognize the responsibilities of citizenship, and do not take an active role in government, neither at the local nor the national level. USAID Role and Achievements to Date: USAID advisors provided substantive input to the draft law on national elections. A number of parent/teacher organizations have been successfully established at schools in FYRMacedonia, with the full backing of the Ministry of Education. This program is serving as a model for similar programs elsewhere in the region. Electronic mail connections have been established among women's organizations in the former Yugoslav republics. Over 900 domestic monitors were trained and participated in the last national elections, with full accreditation by the State Election Commission. Media training has been provided to a number of journalists. And seed funding has been provided to a number of media organizations, environmental NGOs, and other domestic organizations for democracyrelated activities. Description: USAID has initiated several longerterm projects aimed at enhancing the capacity of indigenous NGO's to participate in the daytoday job of governance. USAID activities have encouraged the development of political parties, have assisted in the development of a domestic capacity for election monitoring, have helped in the establishment of civic organizations, have trained journalists and media professionals, and have provided seed funding for new activities by indigenous NGO's. Advisors have also assisted in the creation of parent/teacher associations, and in the establishment of regional networks for NGO's throughout the Central and East European region. And a new project, initiated in 1995, is providing handson assistance to units of local government, to develop their capacity to govern. Host Country and Other Donors: Donor assistance in this area has been rather limited. Dutch Interchurch Aid assisted in the creation of an indigenous civic organization (the FYRMacedonian Center for International Cooperations) which has been active in local communitylevel issues (such as income generation, basic health, nutrition, food for the poor, and sanitation). The European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO) has provided funding for humanitarian activities implemented by indigenous NGO, as has the International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC). A number of donor humanitarian activities have used indigenous NGO's as a conduit for distribution of food and other relief supplies, which has had a secondary benefit of building capacity within those organizations. Beneficiaries: USAID activities seek to benefit all citizens by encouraging greater citizen participation in all aspects of political and social life, whether through professional associations, civic organizations, special interest groups, or political parties. Activities also benefit the government by assisting in the development of appropriate mechanisms for public participation and of awareness of the importance of such participation to a modern democracy. Principal Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: USAID activities have been implemented through a number of contractors and grantees: Catholic Relief Services (CRS), Delphi Star, the International Republican Institute (IRI), the National Democratic Institute (NDI), Development Associates Inc. (DAI), the Institute for Sustainable Communities (ISC), The National Forum Foundation (NFF), and the International Center for NotForProfit Law (ICNL). Media programs have been implemented through the U.S. Information Agency (USIA). Training programs have been designed by Partners in Developmental Education and Training. Major Results Indicators:* Law enacted on regulation of nongovernment organizations Number of draft laws introduced after citizen participation in their development Number of NGO's actively participating in the legislative process Enactment of administrative procedures laws for the national government Percentage of news articles representing opposition views Rating of elections as free and fair by local and international monitors *These are illustrative indicators. ENI missions are in the midst of the complex process of developing meaningful, measurable countryspecific indicators and targets, which will be completed by June 1996. ACTIVITY DATA SHEET  PROGRAM: FYRMacedonia TITLE: Legal Systems STATUS: Continuing PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: FY 1997: $2,650,000 SEED Act INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1993; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 1999 Purpose: Legal systems that better support democratic processed and market reforms. Background: Following independence in 1991, the new government of FYRMacedonia made the decision to move FYRMacedonia to a democratic society and market economy. This transition was slowed to some extent by the need to first address the immediate needs of setting up a new national government to deal with many governmental functions previously handled by the central Yugoslav government in Belgrade. Nevertheless, in coordination with the World Bank (IBRD) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), FYRMacedonia developed a stabilization program and started to lay the legal groundwork for a marketoriented democracy. Despite the economic shocks associated with the UNmandated imposition of sanctions against Serbia (previously FYRMacedonia's major market) and the later imposition of an embargo by Greece (FYRMacedonia's only remaining outlet to both eastern and western markets), FYRMacedonia remained committed to reform. Targets for fiscal reform (control of inflation, buildup of foreign currency reserves, reduction/elimination of government subsidies, control of wages, etc.) were met or exceeded. Structural reforms moved more slowly, especially in the areas of the financial sector (commercial banking) and privatization. But an ambitious legislative agenda has resulted in most key legal reforms being in place by the end of FY 1995, although several important areas remain to be resolved. USAID Role and Achievements to Date: USAIDfunded advisors made major contributions to the formulation of new tax laws, which were enacted in January 1994. Legal advisors provided in dept assessments which influenced the preparation of laws on banking, bank supervision, the court system, judicial ethics, and elections. USAID advisors have also provided direct assistance to the Central Bank in the development of bank supervision procedures. Description: USAIDfunded advisors are working with FYRMacedonian counterparts to improve bankruptcy laws and procedures, to revise collateral laws, and to develop a comprehensive, and Westernoriented, commercial code, to ensure a proper legal framework for the new market economy. A Treasury advisor is assisting the Revenues Office in the development of tax collection procedures, in order to increase revenues and improve tax compliance by the new private sector. And advisors are working with the Ministry of Agriculture on the key issues of government subsidies to the agricultural sector, which currently accounts for about 70% of the agriculture component of the national budget. Host Country and Other Donors: USAID activities have been closely coordinated with other donors, especially the World Bank and IMF. In the area of bank supervision, both USAID and the IMF have provided resident advisors to the Central Bank, who work together to provide training and to develop manuals for bank examinations. In the area of agricultural policy, USAID activities have meshed closely with the World Bank's private farmer support project. Beneficiaries: USAID activities will benefit the people of FYRMacedonia (by ensuring a more equitable and transparent tax collection process), private businesses (by providing a legal and regulatory framework for commercial transactions), farmers (by enhancing the competitiveness of agricultural production), and the government (by increasing revenues for the national budget). Principal Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: USAID activities are implemented through two nongovernmental organizations: the International Development Law Institute (IDLI) and the American Bar Association's Central and East European Law Initiative (CEELI). Both Deloitte and Touche and Carana Corporation have provided assistance in the area of bankruptcy law, while IRISCentral Europe has provided assistance in development of a collateral law. In addition, two asyet unidentified contractors will provide support in the areas of agricultural policy and commercial law. Major Results Indicators:* Commercial code in line with market economy principles is enacted Alternative dispute resolution procedures are in place and actively used by private sector businesses Laws and regulations are enacted which minimize the negative distortions of agricultural subsidies Percentage increase in revenues collection *These are illustrative indicators. ENI missions are in the midst of the complex process of developing meaningful, measurable countryspecific indicators and targets, which will be completed by June 1996.