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PleadingHeader for numbered pleading paperP@n   $] X X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:``((Z(````;S>`]]]PJSJ8iiZiii8888iiiiiiSif({Z{Z{Z{Z{ZuZ`Z`Z`Z`Z.(.(.(.(x`````x`x`x`x`r]{Zxi``r]x`c`{Z{i{iuiuiuixiiiiiiiii{`{i{i{i{ixixii(iiii.fPiioiiiiiZ=Z(xrxixiiilililSliliiiiiiix`xixixix`rifP8SS888WxxxxNxxxSii8V]]iiiDDiAASSiA88SSi>>iiffSSxSrff]8SSA"xxSxXxxxuS姧 S88xcxxxxxxxxxxx8S{i]ix{S8ixSi`xlxxxxxxxxxxZxxxxxxofxGcxxxxxxxSxxxxxxxJxxxxJxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx8xxx8xxx8xxx8xxxxxxxxxxxxx{]iZ]S{Z`MfGx`Z.(oS{V]x]iG`x`cZccJiMrZuxPr{{`x8irr{Z]rr88iiii{xiiirrr{8`SJ8)///xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"Sh5^88Vii888i8888iiiiiiiiii88V{iux`]{x.]oZxcllixxxrf888SS8Z`Z`Z>``((Z(````;S>`]]]PSSS8iiZiii8888iiiiiiSif({Z{Z{Z{Z{ZuZ`Z`Z`Z`Z.(.(.(.(x`````x`x`x`x`r]{Zxi``r]x`c`{Z{i{iuiuiuixiiiiiiiii{`{i{i{i{ixixii(iiii.fPiioiiiiiZAZ.xxxixiiilililSliliiiiiiix`xixixix`rifP8SS888WxxxxNxxxSii8V]]iiiDDiAASSiA88SSi>>iiffSSxSrff]8SSA"xxSx]xxxuS姧 S88xfxxxxxxxxxxx8S{ici{P8ix]i`xrxxxxxxxxxxSxxxxxxofxGcxxxxxxxSxxxxxxxSxxxxSxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx8xxx8xxx8xxx8xxxxxxxxxxxxx{`ic]S{``SfMx`f.+oS{Scx]xP`fc`flMiMrcxx]x{`x8irr`lrx88iiii{xiiirrr8fSJ8)///xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx2&o+"Sh5^,,CTTe,,,T,,,,TTTTTTTTTT,,EcT^`MJc`%JYHy`eOhVVT```[Q,,,CC,HMHMH1MM H tMMMM/C1MJtJJ@;C;,TTHTTT,,,,TTTTTTCTQ cHcHcHcHcHr^HMHMHMHMH% % % % `MeMeMeMeM`M`M`M`M[JcH`TeMeM[J`MOMcHcTcT^T^T^T`TTTTTTTTTcMcTcTcTcT`T`TT TTTT%Ql@TTYTTTTTH0H `[`T`TeTeTyVTVTVCVTVTTTTTTT`M`T`T`T`Mt[TQ@,CC,,,WxxxxN```CTT,EJJTTT66T44CCT4,,CCT11TTRReCC`C[{{QQK,CuuuuuuC4"``C`F``x]C充mC,,`O``````````x,CcTJT`cC,T`CTM`hV``````````H``````oYQh`9O```````C```````;````;```````````````````````````````````````````,```,```,```,`````````````cJTHJCcHM>Q9`MeH% YCcEyJ`JT9eM`MOHOO;T>[Hm^`@j[cecM`,Te[[cHJe[[,,TTTTc`TTT[[[c,MC;,)%%%xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx }K-#N2P4QͷP#ъ2K SRI LANKA ă  }KX- FY 1997 Development Assistance:p(#;$11,746,000  }K- Introduction `(#(#   2The USAID program in Sri Lanka supports U.S. interests through promoting U.S. economic   opportunities, enhancing prospects for peace in the thirteenyearold ethnic conflict, and preventing   a more serious humanitarian crisis from the ongoing conflict. With the Government of Sri Lanka (GSL)   focusing on bringing an end to the conflict and economic indicators continuing to improve, USAID is playing a major role in moving the country through an important economic and social transition.  }K( - The Development Challenge  }K -   Human development progress notwithstanding, poverty persists. Nearly 13 years of an ethnicbased   !civil war has severely limited development, incurring high human and economic costs. There is a   serious malnutrition problem; the island's environment is fragile; and the distribution of the benefits   /of a growing market economy has not been equitable. There are wide disparities in socioeconomic   zstatus and access to employment opportunities. Despite Sri Lanka's relatively good health indicators,   mclose to one in four newborn infants has a low birth weight, reflecting poor maternal nutrition.   Although Sri Lankans are better educated than people in other South Asian countries, there is a   disconnect between the human resource needs of the expanding private sector and the product of the formal education system.   =Economic growth has been concentrated in urban areas, primarily in the industrial and service sectors.   Such expansion has not been sufficiently broadbased to absorb under and unemployed labor   throughout the country. Unemployment is officially estimated at 13%, but unofficially believed to be   zabout 35% if underemployment is included. Income distribution patterns disfavor the poor, and much of the poverty is concentrated in the rural areas, where about 80% of the population resides.   The primary development constraint in Sri Lanka today is the thirteen yearold ethnic conflict based   lin the North and East Provinces of the country. An escalation of this war in 1995, including major   military offensives by the Sri Lankan military and the Tamil Tigers, resulted in an enormous loss of   productive lives, an everincreasing strain on budgetary resources, and lackluster economic   performance. The ongoing civil war will continue to place a strain on limited Government resources   and threaten overall economic and political stability. The humanitarian assistance, much of it provided  }K-  0by the Government itself, needed to provide relief to the estimated one million internally displaced persons, will continue to grow over the next two years.   As the year progressed and the war worsened, so did the economy. The cost of the war significantly   Mincreased the budget deficit. Insecurity discouraged investment and tourism, both of which declined   in 1995. Despite the war, Sri Lanka's economic performance was not all gloom. The year was strong   in terms of external sector, economic growth, and foreign direct investment; but it was weak in terms   of portfolio investment (both foreign and domestic), an increasing budget deficit and inflation. The   deficit increased to 10 percent in 1994, and Sri Lanka's total outstanding debt increased to around   {$11.0 billion at the end of 1994, due primarily to accumulated foreign debt and increased domestic borrowing. Sri Lanka, however, has maintained a good record for servicing its debt.   Sri Lanka is a responsible and accountable development partner. However, without significant   Oadditional progress in economic growth and the development of better functioning democratic institutions, Sri Lanka will not be able to bring more of its people into the economic mainstream and "(0*0*0**"Ԍ  nsustain gains to date. In summary, the country's main constraints to equitable, sustainable   Ndevelopment, and graduation from development assistance are: the ongoing civil war, persistent   poverty, including high levels of childhood malnutrition, fragile economic growth, inadequate economic infrastructure, weak democratic institutions, and environmental degradation.  }K- Other Donors   In 1994, total donor assistance to Sri Lanka was about $618 million. The United States, with about   M11% of total assistance, was the second largest bilateral donor behind Japan, and the fourth largest   overall. The leading donors are Japan, the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the International   Monetary Fund, and the United States. There are 17 bilateral and 5 multilateral donors to Sri Lanka.   Total donor assistance which averaged about 9% of gross national product (GNP) or about $50 per capita during previous years, dropped in 1994 to about 5.9 % of the GNP or about $35 per capita.  }K( - FY 1997 Program  }K -   mThe goal to which USAID contributes is a democratic Sri Lanka, with broadbased sustainable   development, and conservation of natural resources. To achieve this goal, USAID has strategic   =objectives in three areas: economic growth, the environment, and democracy. Two special objectives   are for humanitarian assistance to the North and East, and prevention of HIV/AIDS. The USAID   MProgram in FY 1997 will assist poor people in improving their economic opportunities and incomes by   encouraging broadbased economic growth through micro and smallscale enterprise development. It   ^will strengthen related financial markets and increase access to credit and financing of urban   infrastructure. USAID also will help to protect the environment through policy and regulatory reform   kand local involvement in conserving ecosystems and biodiversity. Finally, USAID will help strengthen   democratic processes by enabling greater participation of all people to define their own needs and achieve their own solutions, and by encouraging more effective and efficient media and legal systems.   lOverall, the USAID program concentrates primarily on economic growth activities. Strengthening   democratic institutions, an aspect of resolving the civil war, and protecting Sri Lanka's rich natural   0resources will ensure that long term economic growth will be sustainable.In FY 1997, USAID will   Acontribute 67.3% of its development assistance budget to economic growth, 23.4% to the environment, 7.3% to democracy, and 2% to HIV/AIDS prevention activities.   In anticipation of possible reduced resources in the future, USAID Sri Lanka is developing a plan to   consolidate its program. Two of the existing strategic objectives, Economic Growth and Environment,   will be more closely integrated to take advantage of existing synergies and to be more cost effective.   The number of environment activities will decrease over the next year and a private sector orientation   .will focus on economic incentivedriven environmental practices, further complementing activities under   the economic growth objective. Within the next five years these two strategic objectives will be   combined. Currently, USAID Sri Lanka has 12 U.S.direct hire employees; this presence will be reduced to 10 in 1997.  }K -  }K!- Agency Goal: Encouraging Broadbased Economic Growth  }K`"-  }K(#-  \ Most Sri Lankans have limited economic opportunities. Average income is less than $50 a month. At   least one in six people is unemployed. The best way to increase employment and income opportunities  }K$-  for poor people is through an expanding private sector. Progress in 1995 was good, and USAID 's   technical assistance and support services to small and microenterprises led to an improvement in productivity, job creation, and profitability.   OTotal employment in targeted small and microenterprises increased by over 6,800 jobs. New enterprise creation and expansion of existing enterprises, made possible by assistance to Sri Lanka's "h)0*0*0*z+"Ԍ  capital market, created over 4,500 jobs in 1995, bringing the total jobs created to approximately   ]29,000. Over 90,000 people have increased their incomes, and employment opportunities have   been enhanced at the grassroots level by setting up microenterprise and income generation activities   through nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Also, approximately 30,000 people in urban and   /rural areas have been trained in small and microenterprise development, new and more productive farming techniques, and vocational skills.   Through 1995, USAID provided $6 million in matching technology grants to 410 firms. A private   sector technology activity enabled an increase in grantees' sales by an average of about 40%, due   /largely to increased exports. Sales gains were fueled by marketing assistance and grantees' direct employment has increased by almost 6,940, with 2,444 in 1995 alone.   Through USAID's Housing Guarantee Program, approximately 61,500 belowmediumincome families   earning less than $113 per month have been provided with long term credit for housing from October   1992 to December 1995. An additional 76,055 very lowincome families have received grants,   ?totalling $4.35 million, for the construction of new homes and the improvement of existing homes. Thirtyone percent of all housing loans have been granted to womenheaded households.   In 1997, USAID assistance will address the major constraints to access and opportunity in the private   sector: inconsistent government policies and regulations; insufficiently developed financial market   regulations; inadequate economic infrastructure; limited access to new markets and technologies;   government interference in the agriculture sector; and a shortage of adequately trained private sector   1managers. USAID will help strengthen both the rural and urban economies through small and   microenterprise development, financial markets development, promoting economic liberalization,   privatization, transferring new technology and skills, finding new and expanded markets, strengthening   formal market institutions and mechanisms, and encouraging free market agricultural reforms. In 1997, USAID Sri Lanka will invest approximately $10.1 million in this strategic objective.  }K- , Strategic Objective 1: Increased Private Sector Employment and Income  }K-  }Kp- Agency Goal: Protecting the Environment  }K-  > Sri Lanka is depleting its natural resource base at an accelerated pace. Its population density is one   >of the highest in the world, and a significant proportion of the population is largely, if not exclusively,   dependent upon natural resources for its livelihood. Sri Lanka's present and future economic growth,   zand increased employment opportunities for the poor, will depend significantly on the sustainability of   its natural resources across sectors, but particularly in the agriculture and tourism sectors. Insecure   land tenure, lack of water rights, and predominant public ownership of land are root causes of   degradation of natural resources. In many coastal areas, coral reefs and estuaries also suffer from the   disposal of untreated waste, coral mining and overfishing, and the effects of urban and industrial   \problems. Sri Lanka's ability to accelerate and sustain its economic growth is dependent upon steps   /it takes over the next five years to establish sound practices for environment and natural resources management.  }K`"-  USAID environmental activities produced very positive results in 1995. The implementation of the   revised, comprehensive National Environmental Action Plan continued, advancing the priorities set for   MGSL environmental investments over the next five years. USAID also assisted the GSL in continuing   to strengthen the institutions responsible for pressing forward with environmental policies, regulations,   and awareness. In 1995, over 88,000 people benefitted from the adoption of environmentally sound   practices, and the number of targeted hectares of land with agricultural conservation practices   increased by nearly 10,000 hectares. The percentage of targeted industries implementing pollution   \prevention and control measures was 41.3 %, far exceeding USAID's target of 15%. The number of   zhouseholds with secure land tenure and natural resources rights increased by 50,000 households in"(0*0*0**"   11995. USAID commenced activities in 10 field sites to demonstrate the practical implication of community participation in natural resource management.   USAID also supported the introduction of the Extended Cost Benefit Concept to the national planning   >process as a planning and policy development tool. Masters Degree programs in four environmental   disciplines were established in Sri Lanka, the very first such programs in Asia. And finally, USAID   >assisted the GSL in improving the Environmental Pollution Licensing (EPL) Scheme. The EPL scheme   will help reduce industrial pollution through regulations and fines, combined with incentives for reducing pollution through waste minimization and water treatment.   With USAID's support, Sri Lanka successfully completed a comprehensive, internationally acclaimed   Mcoastal zone management plan which, when implemented, will protect the coastal area's rich natural   Mbioresources. As tourism drives continued developments along the coastal areas, and as industrial   development increases, it will be vitally important to support environmental policies which stem the   >current trend of environmental degradation. If the depletion of natural resources across the country continues, the 70,000 jobs which rely on the tourism industry will be in jeopardy.   In 1997, USAID will support the GSL's continued efforts to implement the National Environmental   Action Plan. The program will address policy reform and institutional strengthening in the areas of   natural resource management, biodiversity conservation and sustainable use, urban and industrial   environmental management, and energy conservation and efficiency. USAID also will help raise   \awareness of environmental issues at the local level while promoting community based management of natural resources. In 1997, USAID will invest about $3.5 million in the Sri Lankan environment.  }K- , Strategic Objective 2: Improved Environmental Practices to Support Sustainable Development  }K-  }KP-Agency Goal: Building Democracy   Ordinary Sri Lankans have relatively limited opportunities to participate in, let alone influence, decision   making that affects their political, social, and economic wellbeing. Although great progress has been   achieved by Sri Lanka in some social indicators, unemployment, poverty, social unrest, ethnic conflict,   and dependency on government continue to threaten the sustainability of progress made to date.   !Broader participation, improved public information, and more responsive and capable democratic   institutions are essential for broadbased citizen empowerment and Sri Lanka's goal of becoming a modern developed society.   Concepts of individual freedoms, tolerance for other points of view, and the protection of minorities'   rights need to be reinforced. The lives of people living in the North and East have been profoundly   kaffected by the war. There is still a relative paucity of fora and institutions that engage the voices of   .ordinary people in discussions with local and national decisionmakers. Decentralization of government   0authority to the local level has made little progress, and in fact has stalled. An escalation of the thirteenyearold ethnic conflict during 1995, has increased the sense of powerlessness.   In 1995, USAID began implementation of activities to increase access to justice and to improve the   Omedia. The number of backlog cases in the courts of appeal decreased by 2,660 in 1995, far   0exceeding the target of 1,000. Also demonstrating an increase in people's access to justice, the   number of people using mediation boards totalled 200,000 in 1995. Assistance to improve greater   protection and promotion of citizen's rights is being provided by the Sarvodaya Legal Services   Movement which runs districtlevel legal aid clinics for the public and conducts legal awareness   programs for local government officials and council members. The grant also supports a human rights   program to raise awareness among school children, teachers and local government officials, about the   general concepts of human rights and, more specifically, of women's and children's rights. The   program has the capacity to attract as many as 1,000 children in one day. To date, eleven such   Mprograms have been held across the country. In 1995, public awareness and training programs for"h)0*0*0*z+"   over 30,000 people, including judges and lawyers, have enhanced their knowledge of human rights issues and the rule of law.   In 1995, USAID also supported practical training and technical skills components of the University of   Colombo Journalism Program. Students are introduced to the media community through structured   0practical internships to improve the quality of professional education and ultimately, the quality of journalism in Sri Lanka.   lUSAID is beginning an activity to strengthen NGOs and local government in 1996. This activity will   work to strengthen local citizen groups and NGOs as a means to empower people and encourage   zbroader participation in the identification and implementation of development activities. It also will help   strengthen local governments to work with citizen's groups and their representatives on development   issues. In 1997, USAID will continue to help improve legal institutions, both formal and informal, to   increase citizen's access to legal services, dispute resolution, and protection of fundamental rights.   >Finally, USAID will assist in improving the professionalism of the media, and in increasing the access   of ordinary people to information which will help them participate in decisions which affect their lives. Overall investment in this strategic objective will be approximately $1.1 million in FY 1997. , Strategic Objective 3: Greater Empowerment of People to Participate in Democracy  }K- Agency Goal: Providing Humanitarian Assistance  }K0-   The thirteenyear old ethnic war in the Northern and Eastern Provinces, has left many people homeless   and unemployed. Approximately 57,000 civilians have been killed and thousands more injured. Many   local and international NGOs have been active in providing limited humanitarian assistance to the   civilians in the conflict areas. However, much remains to be done, and an end to the conflict does not   appear imminent. Pending a peace accord, USAID will provide grants to international private voluntary   =organizations (PVOs) and local NGOs to provide assistance to families in the conflict areas to help them return to normal lives with adequate food and incomes.   Over the past ten years, USAID has provided grants to PVOs and NGOs for humanitarian assistance.   These grants have helped to improve the nutrition and income of families through home garden   projects; provided water and sanitary facilities including volunteer community leadership development;   helped to establish income generating activities in domestic dairy and goat farming; provided vocational   ktraining; assisted with farm production to increase food availability for residents in the conflict areas;   and finally provided assistance to internally displaced families and children living in camps outside the conflict areas to improve their health, nutrition, and psychological development.   To date, humanitarian assistance has benefitted 85,566 people affected by the ethnic conflict in the   Northern and Eastern provinces of Sri Lanka. In addition, feeding and employment programs were   \implemented for urban slum dwellers, and rehabilitation activities for 3,084 mentally handicapped and 4,494 physically handicapped people were supported.   >In 1995, USAID also provided humanitarian assistance to address problems in the North through two   grants with international PVOs, the International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC) and Terres Des   Hommes. IFRC provided assistance to 48,000 displaced persons living in 220 camps. This assistance   included mobile health units in the nonconflict areas. Terres Des Homes provided assistance to 1,350   Adisplaced children. In 1996, USAID expects to support the production of artificial limbs for approximately 1,500 civilian war victims, and to continue its support to the internally displaced.  }K'-   , Special Objective 1: Provide Humanitarian Assistance to the NorthernEastern Provinces Humanitarian Crisis "h)0*0*0*z+"Ԍ }K- Agency Goal: Stabilizing World Population and Protecting Human Health  }K-   While Sri Lanka is categorized as a low prevalence country, an increasing threat of HIV/AIDS is   apparent. It can be mitigated by focused assistance to the NGO community. Approximately 85   /percent of the NGOs involved in HIV/AIDS work are implementing general education and awareness   activities. Moreover, coordination between the NGOs and the GSL has been insufficient. In 1997,   USAID will continue to support policy advocacy, capacity building and public education by NGOs, and   the AIDS prevention work of the International HIV/AIDS Alliance in Sri Lanka. Investment in this special objective will be $300,000 in 1997.  }K-  NTo date, 665,000 people have been exposed to issues of HIV/AIDS and drug abuse by seminars,   workshops, training, information, education, and communication materials. Six counseling centers,   managed by a local PVO, have been established in the Central and North Central Provinces, and sixty   volunteers have been trained as counsellors. Vocational training and rehabilitation have been provided to malechild prostitutes in a major tourist resort area.  }K -   , Special Objective 2: Enhanced Capacity for Local NGO and Communitybased Organizations to Design, Implement and Evaluate Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV Prevention Programs. "h)0*0*0*z+"Ԍ }K-ԙK2 SRI LANKA  }K-lX` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:& ACTIVITY DATA SHEET  }K- #ixP7ͷP#  }K- PROGRAM: SRI LANKA  }KX- TITLE AND NUMBER : Improved Environmental Practices to Support Sustainable Development 383S002  }K- STATUS: Continuing  }K- & [ PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE : FY 1997: $3,470,000, DA  }Kx- INITIAL OBLIGATION : FY 1996; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE : FY1998  }K-l ă Purpose: To improve environmental practices to support sustainable development.  }K` -  Background: If economic growth is to be sustainable, close attention must be given to the country's   current trend of resource depletion. The reliance of the rural majority on natural resources for their   livelihood makes sound management of resource endowments imperative. Because of inadequate   zincentives for environmental resource management there is a low compliance of environmental laws. The results of this situation are:   0encroachment into parks and protected areas: unsustainable agricultural patterns, conflicts over   !irrigation water; uncontrolled urban and industrial pollution; and inefficient energy use. There are   .adverse impacts on health from declining air and water quality, loss of biodiversity in forest and coastal   necosystems, soil depletion and erosion, energy shortages, and other longterm detrimental environmental impacts.  }K-  MUSAID Role and Achievements to Date: As a direct result of USAID assistance, Sri Lanka now has a   Mnational framework for environmental policies and programs within its overall economic development   kstrategy. Evidence of this may be seen in the development and revision of the National Environmental   Action Plan (NEAP), and the 1993 passage of strict Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)   methodology. A strong foundation of current and future environmental institutions has also been   established. Since it was established in 1991, the Ministry of Environment has grown to its current   stature as national environmental policy coordinator. Four Master's Degree Programs, including Asia's first in environmental economics, are now producing in excess of 100 graduates each year.   kThe environmental NGO movement has benefitted substantially from USAID assistance and is playing   an increasingly important role in setting the national environmental agenda and seeing it implemented   ?at the grass roots level. Pollution prevention and waste minimization approaches have now been   accepted as essential elements of a national industrialization program. Four hundred and eightythree   user groups involving 67,400 members were formed to share control of various natural resources with   Ntheir local governments in two pilot watersheds. Since 1993, a total of 71,000 low income people   have participated in communitybased resource management activities including improved sanitation and income generating schemes.  }K -  Description: USAID activities will continue to develop institutional and policy capacity within the GSL   to achieve national level impact on citizen's health, well being, and livelihood. USAID will provide   technical assistance, training, limited commodity support, and pilot demonstrations in five key areas:   policy reform and institutional strengthening, biodiversity conservation, urban and industrial and   kenvironmental management and land and water resources management. USAID will continue to work   Nwith NGOs to increase local resource management at the community level and introduce pollution prevention and control technologies to the private sector.  }K'-  2Host Country and Other Donors: USAID plays a leadership role in the donor community on   environmental matters, sponsoring donor coordination meetings and supporting such efforts within   Environment Ministry. USAID will continue to work closely with the World Bank on the development   Mand implementation of the NEAP and development of the Bank's two major planned investments in Sri"h) 0*0*0*z+u!"   Lanka's environmental sector: The Colombo Environmental Improvement Project, and the Environmental   Action 1 Project. This will result in a leveraging of over $100 million of World Bankfinanced resources by the end of FY 1997. ADB is developing a national water resources management planning system.  }K -  Beneficiaries: Direct beneficiaries include the people whose health and quality of life are improved due   Mto improved environmental practices, in all sectors, but particularly those people living in communities where communitybased resource management is taking place.  }K@-  \Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: USAID will implement activities through the Environment   !Ministry, private companies (i.e. International Resource Group (IRG) ) and U.S. and host country NGOs.  }K` -Major Results Indicators:  }K -"V"88jBaseline @@ Target(# Number of people benefitted by adoption  }KH -V"-"88 of environmentally sound practiceso100,030(1994) 13,000(1997) Expanded hectares of targeted land  }K- with conservation-""88 practicesio 5,979(1994)  10,000(1997)(# Percentage of industries implementing  }K-"2"88 pollution prevention/control measuresio10%(1994) 53%(1997) (# Percentage of municipal solid waste disposed through environmentally  }K- sound systemsio 0% (1994)40% (1997)(# "h) 0*0*0*z+u!"Ԍ }K->& ACTIVITY DATA SHEET  }K-#ixP7ͷP#PROGRAM : SRI LANKA  }KX- TITLE AND NUMBER : Greater Empowerment of People to Participate in Democracy, 383S003  }K - STATUS : Ongoing  }K- & [ PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE : FY 1997: $1,700,000, DA  }K- INITIAL OBLIGATION : FY 1996;   ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE : FY 2000  }K-Purpose: To increase people's empowerment to participate in democracy.  }K-  Background: Sri Lanka has a long democratic tradition, and its constitution guarantees a wide range   of fundamental rights, comparable to rights guaranteed in many democracies. A well established legal   |system exists to enforce the rule of law. A system of provincial and lower level councils was   established to devolve greater power to provincial and local governments. Nevertheless, the   weaknesses of basic democratic institutions (e.g. local government / judicial system) constitute a major   constraint to sustainable development. Sri Lanka still faces challenges in its efforts to develop a more   broadly based democracy. Long standing ethnic tensions have been exacerbated by low growth and   \lack of employment opportunities and, as the political process failed to produce a solution, resulted in   !a costly ethnic conflict. Devolution of power to local government has made little, if any, progress   kleaving most citizens few means of expressing their needs and interests, thus reducing their level of   participation and limiting the means available to them for addressing their problems and improving their lives.  }K-  \USAID Role and Achievements to Date: USAID's democracy activities focus on empowering ordinary   citizens to participate in the development and political decisions which affect their lives. In doing so,   \USAID strengthens the role of NGOs by increasing their ability to advocate for policies and programs   ]that enhance the quality of life for all citizens, especially vulnerable populations. USAID has made   considerable progress on increasing people's access to justice. USAID has worked closely with U.S.   and Sri Lankan NGOs on human rights issues, rule of law and justice through training programs and   seminars for 54,321 judges and lawyers. Contributing activities toward increased effectiveness of   dispute resolution systems have commenced, and a subgrant to the Courts of Appeal of Sri Lanka is   working with formal and informal dispute resolution mechanisms. This includes automation of the court   administration system to efficiently monitor and analyze bottlenecks and delays in the court system.   The backlog of cases in Courts of Appeal declined from 14,000 in 1994 to 11,340 cases in 1995. This greatly exceeds the target of cleared backlog cases, providing many Sri Lankans with access to justice.   USAID support for training of the mediation boards has had a large impact. The mediation boards have   played a significant role in informally settling minor disputes among generally less affluent Sri Lankans.   Public confidence in the boards has been won and the credibility and success of the mediation boards   to date is evidenced by the continuing increase in the number of people using the mediation boards. In 1995, the number of people using the boards increased from 184,000 to 203,988.   |Humanitarian assistance was delivered to 85,566 people affected by the ethnic conflict in the   Northern and Eastern provinces of Sri Lanka, including feeding and employment programs for urban slum dwellers, and rehabilitation activities for 3,300 mentally and 4,500 physically disabled people.  }K$-  Description: USAID will work directly with local NGOs at the community level and assist them to   .promote, protect and refine participatory democracy, encourage more responsive government activities   Mand educate and enable citizens regarding their rights and responsibilities. Programs will incorporate   training components, technical assistance and grants to strengthen organizations in advocacy, needs   assessments, financial management, and project design and implementation. USAID will also   strengthen local governments by assisting them to assess local needs and set development priorities. USAID will continue to provide technical assistance and training to senior journalists and editors to "h) 0*0*0*z+u!"   kexpose them to international practices and improved management techniques. USAID will also help to   upgrade the university journalism program. And finally, USAID will contribute to more efficient formal   and informal dispute resolution mechanisms through improving the court administration systems,   upgrading the skills of judges and lawyers in case management, and supporting legal aid clinics and community legal awareness programs.  }K-  Beneficiaries: Direct beneficiaries include disadvantaged citizens who have been left out of the   mainstream of social and economic development, NGOs that can enlist and empower other citizen's   groups; Local Governments, especially "Pradeshiya Sabhas", institutions both formal and informal,   which improve citizen's access to legal services, dispute resolution and protection of fundamental rights; and media organizations.  }K` -  zPrincipal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: USAID will implement activities through private nonprofit organizations (i.e. The Asia Foundation) and U.S. and host country NGOs. 2"2 88  }KH -Major Results Indicators:  }K-2 Q88TTs 88_BaselineTarget(# Q*L88 TTs(#T  }K0-*L*Q88Increased expenditure by local T(1995) To be'(1997) To be (#  }K-government T determined' determined(#  }K-Percentage of people with access T(1995) To be'(1997) To be (#  }KP-  to legal services and inform T determined' determined (# ation  }K-Percentage of people who believe T(1994) To be'(1997) To be (#  }Kp-local government is responsive Tdetermined'determined(#  }K8-to their needs T(#Ɛ }*- \\ O +   c !ddx 4  !ddxP( ( c  N J   dB8 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE INDICATORS J  dB8 BASELINE J  dB8 TARGETS NN JJ   dBTotal employment in targeted enterprises :,J  K:i17,642 (1994),J  K:i40,142 (1997)N J  Employment generated by companies raising new capital on the Stock Exchange:   K:i10,000 (1984)   K:i37,000 (1997)p, w  Prevalence of stunting and wasting amongst preschool childrennJ  }K-31.4% (1994))w  K:i 29.0%(1997)p  w   dB80 w 0  O#d6X@8;OS@#