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(#pX` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:ACTIVITY DATA SHEET ă PROGRAM: HONDURAS TITLE AND NUMBER : Effective Stewardship of Key Natural Resources for Sustainable Economic Growth, 522SO02 STATUS: Continuing PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: FY 1997: $ 4,100,000 DA INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1995 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: 1998 Purpose: To achieve productive and selfsustaining stewardship of Honduras' forests, water, and soils, its three key natural resources. Effective stewardship can be achieved by establishing proper incentives, empowering effective institutions, and transferring appropriate technologies. Background: Exploitation of Honduras' forests and soils without regard to sustainability is a serious problem, as dramatically illustrated by the country's 199495 electricity crisis which clearly demonstrated the fundamental linkage between water conservation and the ability to generate hydroelectricity. Both the nation's water supplies and tourism are heavily dependent on sound management of protected areas. Proper environmental management also is essential to continued and sustainable growth of agricultural and forest production. The GOH understands the importance of environmental protection and is establishing the basic legal framework for halting natural resources degradation. USAID activities include policy assistance, forestry management, enhanced hillside land use and productivity, protected areas management, and support to environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) through the Honduran Environmental Protection Fund. The main external constraints are lack of awareness and low, albeit growing, government and public priority given to environmental protection. USAID Role and Achievements to Date: USAID engages in policy dialogue and provides technical assistance, training, and capital assistance. With USAID assistance, Honduras increased the area of pine forest covered by effective management plans from zero in 1989 to 573,000 acres in 1995. The number of poor hillside farm households using environmentally sound cultivation practices rose from 16,000 in 1993 to just short of 25,000 in 1995. These households increased crop yields by 30% and onfarm income by 50% while contributing to an estimated annual 2.7 million ton decrease in soilerosion losses. The number of forest reserves and protected areas under longterm management plans increased from two in 1993 to five in 1995. Description: USAID activities focus on stemming destruction of forest and soil resources and improving management of declared protected areas. The USAID policy assistance program supports improved forest, natural resources and environmental policies. The forestry development project demonstrates sound forest management policies and practices in two large model areas, extends these practices countrywide, and strengthens Honduras' system of protected areas. USAID works with a network of NGOs and the GOH Ministry of Natural Resources to promote landuse and cropping systems that are simultaneously more productive and protective of natural resources. USAID support to the Honduran Environmental Protection Fund finances a local NGO network which improves management of protected areas and encourages local environmental initiatives throughout Honduras. Related USAID activities contributing to this objective include family planning and local water, sanitation, solid waste, and watershed protection activities. USAID activities with the justice system and the Public Ministry support the efforts of a special prosecutor for environment. Host Country and Other Donors: Close technical cooperation between USAID, the multilateral banks, Canada, and Germany, especially in forestry, is moving the GOH to a major redefinition of its role in the sector. However, with other crises facing the GOH, the environment is not a high priority, and progress is slowed for lack of financial resources. Concern for the environment is a relatively new concept in Honduras; public awareness of the issue is only beginning to become widespread and legalh)0*0*0* mechanisms for redressing abuses are weak. USAID also collaborates closely with the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) under the Honduran Environmental Protection Fund in support of environmental NGOs. Beneficiaries: Primary beneficiaries are Honduras' 150,000200,000 hillside farm families; the next generation of Hondurans who must depend upon the country's natural resource base for its future economic wellbeing; and all Hondurans who depend upon surface water for domestic and industrial uses and electricity.  Principle Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: The programs will be implemented by: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Planning Assistance, CARE, Honduran Environmental and Development Foundation, The Nature Conservancy, Catholic Relief Service, Chemonics Intl., Global Village, Katalysis, and Tropical Forest Management Trust. Major Results Indicators: ` h (#r h-(#rr7 nhhBaseline--Target Pine forest effectively managed (hectares)24,000 (1992)--860,000 (1998) Hillside households practicing environmentally sound cultivationhh11,000 (1989)--40,000 (1998) Reduction in soil erosion on treated hillside farms (tons) nhh880,000 (1989)--4,655,000 (1997) Number of declared protected areas under effective managementhh1 (1994)--33 (2000)(#(#,  0*0*0* > ACTIVITY DATA SHEET  ( PROGRAM: HONDURAS TITLE AND NUMBER: Improved Family Health, 522SO03 STATUS: Continuing PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: FY 1997: $ 9,749,000 DA; $ 4,611,000 P.L. 480 Title II INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1995 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: 1997 Purpose: To reduce infant and maternal mortality, malnutrition, and fertility, and to halt growth of HIV seroprevalence by improving delivery and increasing use of services for reproductive health, child survival, and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. Increased cost recovery, quality of care, and sustainability are crucial to achievement of the objective. Background: Improved family health is vital to the wellbeing of Honduras, a poor country struggling to address the basic health needs of a population growing at 2.7% per year. Family planning has been a major factor in reducing infant and maternal mortality in Honduras. The Government of Honduras (GOH) is committed to a series of quality and efficiency improvement measures in a decentralized health care system. Family planning efforts are constrained, however, by lack of an official GOH policy on reproductive health and by negative publicity and unfounded press statements by opposition groups. Past experience of both the GOH and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) supports the feasibility of increasing contraceptive prevalence. Another positive factor is the Catholic Church's restraint in expressing open opposition to condom usage in light of Honduras' serious AIDS pandemic, the worst in Central America. USAID activities include support to the Ministry of Health, assistance to private family planning agencies, a rural water and sanitation program, and a P.L. 480 Title II food security program. USAID Role and Achievements to Date: USAID plays a lead role in the sector, engaging in policy dialogue and providing technical assistance, training, and capital assistance. Infant mortality declined from 85 per 1,000 live births in 1979 to 50 in 1989 and is currently estimated at 45. With vaccination rates for children under one year exceeding 94%, Honduras has the best record in Central America. Rural water and sanitation programs have helped shift diarrheal diseases from the first to the third cause of death among infants. Over 70% of the rural population now have access to potable water. Children aged 1223 months, who are seriously malnourished, declined from 30% in 1987 to 24% in 1994. Although the USAIDsupported AIDS prevention program is new, condom distribution increased by 154% from 1990 to 1995. The total fertility rate declined from 5.1 in 1991 to an estimated 4.7 in 1995. Total contraceptive prevalence in women increased from 47% in 1991 to an estimated 50% in 1995. The use of modern methods of contraception is estimated at 39%. Description: Of the total development assistance funding requested for population and health, $4,893,000 is planned for population activities and $4,756,000 is planned for health activities. USAID supports a variety of interventions, including vaccination programs, oral rehydration therapy, maternal health care, construction of rural water and sanitation systems, and reform of the water and sanitation authority. Particular attention is going to achieving sustainable delivery of services. The national AIDS prevention program promotes preventive practices, including condom use. Ten USAID grants support AIDS prevention activities of Honduran NGOs, Ministry of Health entities, and the municipality of San Pedro Sula. The P.L. 480 Title II program implemented through CARE focuses on improving nutritional status and food security in the neediest regions of the country. USAID's family planning activities with the Ministry of Health and the private sector Honduran Family Planning Association are expanding access and quality of services, with the goal of increased use of modern family planning methods and greater financial selfsufficiency of the Association. Related USAID activities, which increase incomes of the poor, will contribute directly to improved family health. h) 0*0*0*ԌHost Country and Other Donors: Despite its austere financial reform program, the GOH is committed to developing highquality, health services for its citizens. Weak management systems within the Ministry of Health remain a challenge to an effective and sustainable public health system. USAID coordinates its water and sanitation activities with the InterAmerican Development Bank and the World Bank. Each donor also supports social safetynet programs through contributions to the Honduran Fund for Social Investment. USAID coordinates with the IDB on AIDS prevention assistance and interventions, and with the cooperative programs of Japan, United Nations Children's Fund, the European Union, and the Spanish Technical Cooperation on child survival interventions. Beneficiaries: Primary beneficiaries are women and children in lowincome Honduran families, which currently lack access to quality reproductive health and family planning, and child survival services. Approximately 128,000 children and adults receive nutrition supplements. Roughly 743,000 rural residents benefit from water and sanitation activities. Beneficiaries of the AIDS prevention program are the highrisk groups, including female factory workers in major cities, the Gar1funa ethnic group (of African heritage. Principle Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: The programs will be carried out through U.S. firms and private voluntary organizations (PVOs), including CARE, Management Sciences for Health, Family Health Intl., Honduran Family Planning Assn., Population Council, Intl. Planned Parenthood Federation, John Snow Inc., Futures Group, Johns Hopkins Univ., Centers for Disease Control, and Partnership for Child Health. r h-(# e m u%}xf!"5%')=,.0E357M:<>UAeMajor Results Indicators: <` ` P dxhhppBaselineTarget Infant mortality per 1,000 life birthshhpp50 (1989)40 (1997) Maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live birthspp221 (1989)180 (1997) Malnutrition among children 1223 months of age pp30.2% (1987)22.5% (1997) Rates of HIV infection in highrisk groupspp14% (1991)13% (1997) Total fertility rate (Average number of live births per women) dxhhpp5.6 (1987)4.6 (1997)  0*0*0* > ACTIVITY DATA SHEET ( PROGRAM: HONDURAS TITLE AND NUMBER : More Responsive Democratic Processes, With Greater Citizen Participation, 522SO04 STATUS: Continuing PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: FY 1997: $ 2,200,000 DA INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1995 ESTIMATED COMPLETED DATE: 1997 Purpose:  e m u%}xf!"5%')=,.0E357M:<>UA,4 <DLT$&)\+- 0d247l9;>t@eTo promote the rule of law, greater citizen participation at both national and local levels, and government that is freely elected, transparent, accountable, and responsive. To achieve this objective, USAID strengthens democratic institutions, promotes citizen participation, and introduces selected Hondurans to U.S. democratic values and systems. Background: In the past, corruption, nonresponsive and centralized government, weak judiciary, and lack of citizen participation plagued Honduran development efforts and discouraged investment. However, the situation in Honduras is changing rapidly, supported by the current President's demonstrated dedication to a "moral revolution." Continued strong U.S. assistance is a crucial factor to the success of this process. USAID activities include strengthening democratic institutions, municipal development, and democracy training in the United States. Principal constraints are resistance of some privileged elites to judiciary reform and reluctance by central government agencies to relinquish power to municipalities. USAID Role and Achievements to Date: USAID engages in policy dialogue and provides technical assistance, training, and capital assistance. Achievements to date are impressive. The Public Ministry, established in 1993, is recognized as an effective force against corruption and impunity. Cases adjudicated by the Courts involve for the first time accusations against highlevel civilian and military functionaries, some of whom have been incarcerated. In 1995, the Public Defenders program, developed with USAID assistance, gained the release of some 600 prisoners who were being held without formal charges. The Congress is currently processing legal reform bills to provide greater independence of the judiciary from vested political and economic interests, as well as a new, more transparent, adversarial criminal procedures code. Citizens are participating in the process. The public's filing of official complaints with legal authorities has reached record levels, over 20,000 in 1995 compared to less than 1,000 in 1993. While open town meetings were unheard of in 1990, average participation grew to 166 individuals per meeting by 1995. Local government is becoming more responsive to citizens needs. For example, the proportion of municipal budgets going to capital projects increased from 15% in 1991 to 44% in 1995. As a result, municipal population provided with water, sewerage and refuse collection increased from 17% in 1991 to 29% in 1995. In FY 1995, an additional 124 Hondurans received democracy training in the United States. Description: The USAIDsupported 1990 Municipal Law already has led to a restructuring in the relationship between the central and municipal governments. The strengthening democratic institutions program supports the Public Ministry, justice sector reforms, strengthening of Supreme Court and lower courts, and public participation in the justice system. The municipal development program is increasing citizen participation in local government decisionmaking and improving local governments' ability to respond to constituents. The Honduras Peace Scholarships Program continues to provide selected Honduran leaders opportunity to learn firsthand about U.S. political and economic systems, culture and values. Related USAID activities which increase income and education of the poor also enable them to participate more effectively in democratic processes. P.L. 480 Title II foodforwork activities provide roads, markets and other infrastructure as well as addressing food security constraints in the poorest municipalities in the country.  h) 0*0*0* Host Country and Other Donors: USAID coordinates closely with the InterAmerican Development Bank's administration of justice project and with the IDB and Germany in supporting municipal water and sanitation activities.  Beneficiaries: All Hondurans benefit, especially the politically, socially, and economically disadvantaged and those who historically have suffered from a corrupt and ineffectual justice system. Principle Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: USAID assistance will be implemented through U.S. and Honduran institutions and organizations, including the following: Florida Intl. Univ., Georgetown Univ., Association of Honduran Mayors, Honduran Foundation for Municipal Development, Central American University of Technology, University of San Pedro Sula, and a U.S. institutional contractor to be determined. Major Results Indicators: <` ` P dxhhppBaseline  xx!!Target <` ` P dxhhpp Percentage in public perception thathhpp@   the Judicial System is more independentpp16% (1994)`c(#"50% (1997) of vested political and/economic interests Criminal cases prosecuted by the Publicpp 0 (1993)`(#"700 (1997) Ministry and adjudicated by the Courts Community attendance at town meetingspp 0 (1990)`(#"200 (1997) Percentage of municipal budgetshh going to capital projectsxhhpp15% (1991)`c(#"60% (1997) Number of participants who have completed the "Experience America" programhhpp 234 (1986)`(# 2,795 (1997)