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PleadingHeader for numbered pleading paperP@n   $] X X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:?@"Sh5^88Sii888i8888iiiiiiiiii88V{iux`]{x.]oZxcllixxxrf888SS8Z`Z`Z>``((Z(````;S>`]]]PJSJ8iiZiii8888iiiiiiSif({Z{Z{Z{Z{ZuZ`Z`Z`Z`Z.(.(.(.(x`````x`x`x`x`r]{Zxi``r]x`c`{Z{i{iuiuiuixiiiiiiiii{`{i{i{i{ixixii(iiii.fPiioiiiiiZ=Z(xrxixiiilililSliliiiiiiix`xixixix`rifP8SS888WxxxxNxxxSii8V]]iiiDDiAASSiA88SSi>>iiffSSxSrff]8SSA"xxSxXxxxuS姧 S88xcxxxxxxxxxxx8S{i]ix{S8ixSi`xlxxxxxxxxxxZxxxxxxofxGcxxxxxxxSxxxxxxxJxxxxJxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx8xxx8xxx8xxx8xxxxxxxxxxxxx{]iZ]S{Z`MfGx`Z.(oS{V]x]iG`x`cZccJiMrZuxPr{{`x8irr{Z]rr88iiii{xiiirrr{8`SJ8)///xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx2B0&i+>xZ"Sh ^(,>CCwh,,,Cw,,,,CCCCCCCCCC,,w;w`T[cTO`c,4^Tyc`M`YHTc`~``V,,,CC,;C;C;,CC%%C%hCCCC14%CC`CC;;C;,CCHCCC,,,,CCCCCCCCC%`;`;`;`;`;wY[;T;T;T;T;,%,%,%,%cC`C`C`C`CcCcCcCcC`C`;cC`C`C`CcCMC`C`C`C[C[C[CcCTCTCTCTC`C`C`C`C`CcCcCC%CCCCaJCC^CTCTCT%T%cOcCcC`C`Cw`YCYCH4HCHCTCTCTCcCcCcCcC~``CV;,CC,,,/N```CCC,;66CCuCCCwwC/CCCCw/,,EECw##CCQQeCC`COooJJwC,EkmkmmmC~/"``C`E``ww]CwwmwC,,`Qw``````````x,C`CJCw`YC,C`;CM`hV``````````>``````oYQh`9O```````C```````;````;```````````````````````````````````````````,```,```,```,``````````````QTJQJY;T4V;cC`;,%^;YJyJc;YC`;`QMCQCCT;`;YQ`JhQQQ`Tc,C```Q;QQQQ,,CCCC`cCCC```Q,MC;, ++0000++8"Sh5^88Vii888i8888iiiiiiiiii88V{iux`]{x.]oZxcllixxxrf888SS8Z`Z`Z>``((Z(````;S>`]]]PSSS8iiZiii8888iiiiiiSif({Z{Z{Z{Z{ZuZ`Z`Z`Z`Z.(.(.(.(x`````x`x`x`x`r]{Zxi``r]x`c`{Z{i{iuiuiuixiiiiiiiii{`{i{i{i{ixixii(iiii.fPiioiiiiiZAZ.xxxixiiilililSliliiiiiiix`xixixix`rifP8SS888WxxxxNxxxSii8V]]iiiDDiAASSiA88SSi>>iiffSSxSrff]8SSA"xxSx]xxxuS姧 S88xfxxxxxxxxxxx8S{ici{P8ix]i`xrxxxxxxxxxxSxxxxxxofxGcxxxxxxxSxxxxxxxSxxxxSxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx8xxx8xxx8xxx8xxxxxxxxxxxxx{`ic]S{``SfMx`f.+oS{Scx]xP`fc`flMiMrcxx]x{`x8irr`lrx88iiii{xiiirrr8fSJ8)///xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx2t0`M5"Sh5^(,>CCwo,,,Cw,,,,CCCCCCCCCC,,wCw`Y``YQhh4@hY~`hQh`JY````Y,,,CC,CJ;J;/CJ%,J%oJCJJ;4,JC`CC;CCC,CCCCC,,,,CCCCCCCCJ%`C`C`C`C`C``;Y;Y;Y;Y;4%4%4%4%`JhChChChC`J`J`J`J`C`C`JhChC`C`CQJ`C`C`C`C`C`C`JYCYCYCYChChChChChChJhJC%CJCC4JyLCChJYCYCY4Y%`j`J`JhChCc`C`CJ4JCJCYCYCYC`J`J`J`J`J``CY;,CC,,,WxxxxN```CCC,C99CCCCCwwC/CCCCw/,,MMCw##CCQQeCC`CTooJJwC,MkmkmmmC~/"``C`M``wwxCwwmwC,,`Qw``````````x,C`CJCw`YC,C`;CM`h[``````````@``````tYQh`9O```````C```````C````C```````````````````````````````````````````,```,```,```,``````````````QYJQJY;Y4Y;h;`;4%h;YJ~J`;YCh;`QQCQCCY;`;YQ`JhQQQ`Yh4Ch``Q;QQQQ,,CCCC`hCCC```Q,QC;,)## xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx }K-   8 #ixP7ͷP#e$ GUINEABISSAU ă  }K-x(#(#'f FY 1997 Development Fund for Africa: Z8(# $5,407,414 FY 1997 P.L. 480 Title II: Z (##$834,000  }K -  }K-Introduction.  x=GuineaBissau, a small, ethnically and religiously diverse West African country, continues to strengthen  xits democratic processes and to grow economically. While still fragile, these gains are increasingly  x^important as a hedge against political instability which is rising in the region. GuineaBissau is  ximportant to the U.S. as a model of peaceful, fundamental economic and political transformation for other countries in the region.  x?USAID plans to close its offices in Guinea Bissau within the next 16 months. Following FY 1997, USAID plans to continue a small, nonpresence program through its nongovernmental partners.  }K - The Development Challenge.  xWorld Bank data for 1994 indicate that GuineaBissau's per capita income of $234 places it among  xNthe least developed nations of the world. An official external debt load of $813 million, more than  x/three times its gross domestic product (GDP), makes the country one of the most heavily indebted in  xthe world. Recent information indicates some improvement in government expenditures and borrowing  x>and a consistent GDP growth rate of around 3%. GuineaBissau has recently completed a peaceful  x{transition from a oneparty Marxist system to multiparty democracy. Broader participation is also  xbeing seen in policy, legal, regulatory, and judicial reforms arising from increasing consultation with  xrepresentative groups, also strengthening and empowering the private sector. The magnitude of these  xchanges and their evolving nature make it imperative to continue assistance in order to consolidate  xongoing efforts and accrue gains to economic growth and democratization. At this stage, policy, legal,  xregulatory and judicial reforms are not sufficiently strong to promote sustainable private sectorled economic growth.  xThe economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, with almost half the total land area under cultivation.  xAgriculture, fisheries and forestry represent almost 52% of the GDP (1994). However, with its  x[valuable natural resources, GuineaBissau could provide a much higher living standard for its population  xif these resources, particularly fisheries and forestry resources, were managed in a more sustainable  xway. Both of these resources are coming under pressure from the international and domestic private  xsectors and subsistence farmers. The country also lacks enough people with adequate technical and  xprofessional skills and higherlevel quantitative and analytical skills to undertake and sustain  x>implementation of the necessary reforms in both the social and economic sectors. Lack of technical  xand professional skills constrains the private sector, and with the lack of expertise and knowledge by policymakers, decisionmaking is often distorted by misleading and/or unreliable statistics.  }K - Other Donors.  xMIn 1994 the United States was the second largest donor (after Sweden) to GuineaBissau, providing 21% of bilateral donor resources. Other major donors included France, China, and Japan.  }K$- FY 1997 Program.  x The focus of the FY 1997 program will be to implement ongoing activities to assure sustainability and  xmto bring activities which require a U.S. presence to a logical termination. USAID's strategy will  xcontinue to focus on promoting private sector trade and investment in GuineaBissau through improved  xgovernance in order to consolidate GuineaBissau's broadbased economic growth. Through ongoing  xsupport to private sector associations, the USAID program will strengthen the civil society. Support"h)0*0*0*z+"  xwill continue to the courts and legislature for drafting and adjudicating laws more conducive to private  xsector economic growth. Finally, USAID will continue working with the GOGB to support policy reform  xin agriculture, private sector support services to financial institutions, the tax system, forestry codes,  xNand commerce. USAID will also assist with privatization efforts and decentralization of decisionmaking.  x"The USAID program will allocate 78% of its DFA funding in FY 1997 to stimulate broadbased  xeconomic growth; 19% of the funds will be allocated to democratic participation to address the  xgovernance component of the strategy; 2% will be allocated to protecting the environment and a very  xzsmall amount will be allocated to stabilizing population growth through decreasing the spread of AIDS and supporting family planning.  }K` - Agency Goal: Encouraging Broadbased Economic Growth  xkUSAID's goal in GuineaBissau is to foster marketoriented economic growth that is broadbased and  xzsustainable. USAID's single strategic objective reflects this longerterm aspiration by focusing on the  xincrease in private sector trade and investment in the critical growth subsectors through improved governance.  xUSAID's efforts in recent years have taken advantage of the newly created enabling environment,  xencouraging and supporting the emergence of organized private interest groups. These efforts have  xresulted in the creation of a significant number of private business associations. The combined efforts  x{of these associations have contributed to remarkable economic growth since 1990, culminating in  x1994 when GuineaBissau registered an estimated increase in real GDP of 7%. This growth has been  xdue in large measure to strong improvement in net agricultural private exports and buoyant private  xcommercial activity. Thanks in part to past USAID assistance, cashew nuts are the leading export and  xthe key foreign exchange earner for the country. Assistance to producer and trade associations will  x.continue in order to ensure effective transmission of needed skills and knowledge to the private sector,  x1thereby improving its ability to influence policymakers in the ongoing policy, legal, judicial and regulatory reforms that govern private economic activities in a freemarket economy.  }K8- x USAID also contributes to this Agency goal through the P.L. 480 Title II program being implemented  xby a U.S. private voluntary organization (PVO). This PVO, Africare, is carrying out a small, and  x mediumsized enterprise development program in the southern region of GuineaBissau. The Title II xfinanced program is wholly complementary to the overall USAID strategy, especially in providing direct  x{support to the private sector, including individual entrepreneurs, microenterprises and smallscale  xproducer associations working in USAID's six critical growth subsectors. The program, carried out in  xover 20 demonstration villages, provides training in technical and managerial skills to support the  xprivate sector. It also has established agricultural and agribusiness training centers in two rural  xlocations to better organize and train smallscale producers and processors in production techniques,  xmarketing, and business development. Graduates of these centers serve as resource individuals and  x[groups for other rural entrepreneurs. The program includes an experimental, smallscale credit program to address a key constraint to private sector growth in rural areas.  Strategic Objective 1: Increase Private Sector Trade and Investment Through Improved Governance  }K#-  }K$- Agency Goal: Stabilizing World Population Growth and Protecting Human Health  xM p USAID will provide very modest support to a U.S. private voluntary organization (PVO) to combat the  xspread of AIDS by financing commodities for social marketing in GuineaBissau. The program will also  x1continue training in information, communication and education in AIDS prevention for the NGO  x"community and public sector. Modest support to a national family planning nongovernmental organization (NGO) for both family planning and AIDS prevention will also continue. "h)0*0*0*z+"Ԍ xlԙ Strategic Objective 1: Increase Private Sector Trade and Investment Through Improved Governance  }KX- Agency Goal: Building Democracy  xzUSAID will devote 19% of its DFA funding to help build democracy in GuineaBissau. Following three  xyears of carefully planned and executed constitutional changes and electoral law reforms (extensively  xsupported by USAID) GuineaBissau made a highly successful transition from a oneparty Marxist  x\dictatorship to a multiparty democracy in 1994. The transition was well planned and executed, with  xjGuineaBissau scoring an impressive list of achievements. Two rounds of free and fair elections during  x July and August 1994 produced the country's first multiparty legislature and the first democratically  xlelected president. The civic education conducted through the mass media during the preelection  xNprocess was highly effective, resulting in an orderly election. The media was also successful in  xdisseminating the messages from the various political parties to potential voters. The political behavior  xof the young opposition parties was mature and constructive, facilitating peaceful transition with no irregularities or human rights abuses.  xUSAID has been assisting the Ministry of Justice and the Supreme Court to restructure and  x[decentralize. One major change has been the creation of sector courts (essentially small claims courts)  x|around the country. Restructuring of the regional courts, the next higher level for adjudicating  xcommercial law, is now the focus of the GOGB and USAID. USAIDfinanced training and technical  x?assistance to the judicial system are helping it to strengthen its independence from the executive branch and its credibility with the Guinean population.  Strategic Objective 1: Increase Private Sector Trade and Investment Through Improved Governance  }K- Agency Goal: Protecting the Environment  x/USAID will allocate 2% of its Development Assistance resources to this Agency goal. Our focus on  x/the sustainable management of the fisheries and forestry sectors shows strong commitment to help  xprotect the environment, especially in the fragile conditions of the Sahelian region of SubSaharan  xAfrica. To assist the GOGB, USAID has helped raise GOGB and private sector awareness about  xunsustainable industrial fishing activity by foreign vessels under licensing agreements. To increase  xindigenous participation in all aspects of the fishing industry, USAID will be assisting the GOGB to  xarticulate and implement a management plan for the fisheries sector. USAID also will work with the  xGOGB, private sector, small farmers and local authorities to help them develop a forestry sector  x=strategy which will allow GuineaBissau to sustainably use its forestry resources, balancing competing pressures from the timber industry, energy demand (charcoal and firewood) and itinerant agriculture.  Strategic Objective 1: Increase Private Sector Trade and Investment Through Improved Governance  }K!- "!0*0*0*F#" >ACTIVITY DATA SHEET  }K- PROGRAM: GUINEABISSAU  }KX- TITLE AND NUMBER: Trade and Investment Promotion Support, 657SO01  }K - STATUS: Continuing  }K- PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: FY 1997 $5,407,414 DFA $834,000 P.L. 480 Title II  }Kx- INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1995; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 1998  }K- x Purpose: To increase private sector trade and investment in the GuineaBissau critical growth subsectors through improved governance.  }K( - xBackground: For the first decade after independence, the Government of GuineaBissau (GOGB)  xfollowed a commandeconomy development model guided by a single political party. This was a major  xMfactor in leaving GuineaBissau as one of the poorest and least developed countries in the world. A  xshadow structural adjustment program, started in 1986, opened the economy to private sector  xactivity. From 1987 to 1989, real gross domestic product (GDP) increased over 5.8% per year. By  x{1990, however, real growth rates dropped to about 3% per year, largely due to an inexperienced  xprivate sector and mixed Government performance. Despite steady but slow progress, the 19901993  x.period was characterized by a less aggressive economic reform program, a less than independent and  xpoorly functioning judiciary, and a less than fully democratic and transparent government which did  xznot attract investors. The year of 1994 registered a remarkable record of estimated real GDP growth  xof 7%. This was due in part to the 100% devaluation of the African Financial Community Franc (CFA)  xin neighboring countries, which reduced inflation and significantly reduced costs for the private sector.  xkIt was also due to other stabilization and adjustment reforms. The advent of a multiparty democracy  xand a new, inexperienced government has slowed GuineaBissau's growth once more to slightly more than 3%. Nonetheless, the GOGB met International Monetary Fund and World Bank targets for 1995.  }K- xUSAID Role and Achievements to Date: USAID recognizes that sustainable development and economic  x>growth require building lasting individual, institutional and societal capacity to identify and respond to  x|changing circumstances, new needs and evolving opportunities. Changing policies, laws and  xregulations have motivated a growing private sector, fueling real economic growth and increasing  x=broader participation of Guineans in policy decisions and lawmaking. More directly, USAID's assistance  xto nascent agricultural producers and women's economic activity associations has increased income  xto their members, doubling the farmgate price paid to cashew producers and helping family units to  xmarket processed nuts rather than raw nuts. Through support to the Association of Small Merchants  xNand Traders, USAID has increased the number of private sector firms which are able to fully and  x|competitively participate in and benefit from GuineaBissau's economic opportunities. USAID's  xassistance to the judiciary and Ministry of Justice has created access by rural populations to an  x\independent, objective adjudicator of civil conflict which responds and integrates traditional law with modern law.  x>Through these activities USAID has helped to create the beginning of a strong civil society of private  xinterest groups, a more independent mass media, human rights advocates, private legal practice, a bar  xassociation, and an increasingly independent judiciary including an independent organization of magistrates.  }K%- xkDescription: Virtually all USAIDfinanced activities are carried out under this strategic objective (SO).  x?Through technical assistance and training, the Trade and Investment Promotion Support activities  xkfacilitate and implement: (1) policy formulation; (2) legal and regulatory reform; (3) judicial reform; and  x(4) assistance to the private sector to ensure that private sector interests are known and respected in policy, legal, regulatory and judicial reforms, and to ensure that the private sector responds to new "h)0*0*0*z+"Ԍ xeconomic opportunities in the critical growth subsectors. USAID has identified six critical growth subsectors: cashew nuts, fruits, vegetables, rice, forest products, and fish products.  xThese subsectors are those areas of the economy that are creating and will continue to create  x]economic growth in GuineaBissau, improving the economic wellbeing of the vast majority of the country's population.  }Kx- xHost Country and Other Donors: Other major donors operating in GuineaBissau are Sweden, The  xEuropean Union, France, United Nations Development Program, China, Japan, United Nations Children's  x Fund, World Health Organization, Portugal, Food and Agriculture Organization, The Netherlands, and  xCanada. These donors assist in governance, structural adjustment and stabilization programs,  xagriculture, health and family planning, education and infrastructure building. GuineaBissau is a small  xjpoor country with considerable needs, in that regard the representatives of USAID and the other donors  xlmeet or communicate with others regularly to exchange views, and to share program and project  xkinformation in order to complement each others work when and wherever possible. The GOGB has  x.consistently supported USAIDfunded activities with inkind contributions such as personnel, equipment and other materials.  }K- xBeneficiaries: Primary beneficiaries are the private sector, represented by associations (including  xwomen), other social and legal interest groups and specific ministries (Fisheries, Commerce, Agriculture, Justice and Energy, Industry and Natural Resources).  }K0- xPrincipal Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: USAID implements its activities through a consortium  xof firms, with LabatAnderson, Inc. being the prime contractor. Other members of the consortium are:  x?Management Systems International; New York State University at Albany; Africare; and the Land Tenure Center at the University of Wisconsin.  }K-Major Results Indicators:  }K-(#'f*}(#'f**6Baseline}}Target  }K-*}(#'f*}(#'fNo. of Commercial Firms Registered**61,919.0 (1991)}}2,400.0 (1998) Export Earnings ($million/FOB)  }K8-ԩ Cashews**614.1 (1991)}}17.6 (1998)  }K-ԩ Fish and Fish Products**62.6 (1991)}}3.3 (1998)  }K-ԩ Total Exports**60.4 (1991)}}25.5 (1998)  }K-No. of foreign and domestic **628.0 (1991)}}36.0 (1998) firms granted customs exemptions under new investment code "0*0*0*Z" #hxP7ͷP##hxP7ͷP#  d(#  }K-Ye GUINEA BISSAU .FY 1997 PROGRAM SUMMARY  }K - \ h ddx !ddx Z h    &&   `F#O PE37P#Xh"      _ Encouragingg Broadbased  Economic  Growth "Wx CXStabilizing @?Population @4Growth and BbProtecting HHuman HHealth  "8 8 8 8 "Protecting the Environment "     Building Democracy "5 5 5 5 "Providing FHumanitarian Assistance 5 "             `F@ m TOTALS    & &  USAID Strategic Objectives             8   & &  1. Increase Private Sector Trade and Investment Through Improved Governance Dev. Fund for Africa P.L. 480 Title II #*, *, *, *,  4,220,301 *, #t t t t ^4,304 #    130,549  #l l l l ?1,052,260 l #R, R, R, R, R, 2n834,000 #V" V" V" V" ) 5,407,414  834,0008     &&   `F Totals Dev. Fund for Africa P.L. 480 Title II0#*,  4,220,301  P *,#t ^4,304 t r # 130,549   #l ?1,052,260 l l#R, J| 2n834,000#V" ) 5,407,414  834,000 V"     }KP-#hxP7ͷP#`(#USAID Mission Director: Cheryl A. McCarthy à  }K-