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Implementation of Interim Peace Accords ESF* P.L. 480 Title II    $3,087,000 $3,087,000 $2,290,000*P      P      *Total Dev. Assistance P.L. 480 Title II $6,235,000  $14,230,000 $3,500,000 $2,000,000  $10,927,000 $25,965,000 $10,927,000* Note: LAC Regional request includes $8,000,000 attributed to Guatemala Peace Accords implementation.`%%P ` `  hh#(-pp2USAID Mission Director: William Stacy Rhodes 3' #ixP7P# X m# ACTIVITY DATA SHEET ă PROGRAM: GUATEMALA TITLE AND NUMBER: More Effective and Participatory Democracy, 520SO01 STATUS: Continuing PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: FY 1997: $2,000,000 DA; $1,500,000 P.L. 480 Title II INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1995 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2000 Purpose: To strengthen democratic stability by promoting more responsive criminal justice and broader, more diverse participation in the political process. Background: The constitutional transfer of power to a popularly elected president in early 1996 was a milestone in Guatemala's transition to a more stable democracy, coming in the wake of a publicly mandated purging of the Congress and changes in leadership of the judicial system. The major constraints facing the new government as it seeks to strengthen representative democracy include: weak and inefficient government institutions, particularly the judiciary; low levels of public support and tolerance for basic democratic values such as free expression and respect for human rights; and a nascent movement of civil society organizations to provide channels for citizen participation. Early actions by the current government toward consolidation of civilian control of government, specifically those oriented toward removing corrupt officials in the security forces, bode well for the future of democratic reform. This program encompasses the Judicial Sector Reform Support project, the Democratic Institutions project (supporting the Congress, Human Rights Ombudsman, and Civil Society and Civic Education activities), and the final year of the Guatemala Peace Scholarship project. USAID Role and Achievements to Date: USAID continues to be the major donor in the sector of democratic development, although "leading edge" programs such as support for citizen advocacy have now been replicated by other donors. USAID's greatest emphasis continues to be on improving the fairness and responsiveness of the judicial system. U.S. support for training and technical assistance to the newlycreated National Prosecutors Office and judges and public defenders has enabled the judicial system to carry out over 100 oral trials, demonstrating that modern criminal procedure can be applied in Guatemala. As a result, the debate has advanced from the issue of whether to maintain the new procedural law to how to best implement its sweeping changes over the short term. The elections of 1995 were a tribute to the professionalism and impartiality that exist among the staff and delegates of Guatemala's Supreme Electoral Tribunal, an institution which has for many years received USAID training assistance. While voter turnout was low (46% for the first round, 37% for the second round), it is doubtful that participation would have been even this high without USAID and other donor assistance for getoutthevote campaigns. The National Congress has also benefited enormously from USAIDfunded technical assistance for a viable committee system and a more professionally managed legislative process. Description: USAID's program will continue to focus on the complementary objectives of creating a more responsive criminal justice system, deepening the culture of respect for human rights, and broader, more diverse participation in the political process. USAID support for the implementation of the new criminal procedure code will focus increasingly on the sustainability of the training and professional development programs required to ensure application of the new procedures. Particular emphasis will be given to development of a stronger prosecutorial function and civiliandirected criminal investigation. In the area of human rights, institutional strengthening support provided to the Human Rights Ombudsman to improve investigation and followup will be complemented by efforts to strengthen nongovernmental organizations' (NGO's) advocacy for judicial reform. A "stocktaking" of ongoing donor programs to strengthen civil society and create opportunities and channels for citizen participation is currently underway, and will provide the basis for future programming in this area. Host Country and other Donors: The United Nations Verification Mission to Guatemala (MINUGUA) is actively engaged in institutional strengthening and human rights verification. Additionally, the Government of Guatemala invests in USAIDsupported initiatives at a level of some 25%, such as through provision of key personnel and investment in computers and other infrastructure. Nonetheless, the U.S. has been and remains the single most important player in the justice sector reform effort underway in Guatemala. Beneficiaries: USAID activities in the democracy sector are targeted at historically disenfranchised populations, especially the poor rural, indigenous majority. The nature of democratic development, however, yields benefits for the entire Guatemalan population as well. Principal Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: USAID implements activities through grants to the Judicial Branch, the Public Ministry, the San Carlos University Law School, the Office of the Human Rights Ombudsman's, and the National Congress. Activities are also implemented through two private U.S. firms, Development Associates and DPK Consulting, and through a variety of U.S. PVOs, including America's Development Foundation and Covenant House International. NGO activity is through the Maternal Child Health Support Program, the Association of Social Research and Investigation, and the Interamerican Institute for Human Rights Center for Electoral Assistance and Promotion (IIDH/CAPEL). Major Results Indicators:X0ÍX0Í#x6X@;X@#X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:Target (Year 1998) Increase in export earningshh#(-$1,298,000 (1991)LL>$1,498,000 Number of Labor disputes attended by labor inspectors that are resolved through conciliation` `  hh#(-2,884 (1991)53,500 Legislative reforms required for negotiation of a free trade agreement passedhh#(0 (1991)pp255 Nontraditional agriculture exports increased(-$97.2 M 5(1991)LL>$197.4 M Light manufacturing exports increasedhh#($67.6 M pp2(1991) LL>$127 M m# ACTIVITY DATA SHEET ă PROGRAM : GUATEMALA TITLE AND NUMBER : Improve Quality, Efficiency and Equity of Primary Education Services in Guatemala, 520SO05 STATUS : Continuing PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: FY 1997: $2,595,000 DA INITIAL OBLIGATION : FY 1995 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2000 Purpose: To improve the classroom environment and efficiency in the allocation and use of resources, and to increase equity in primary education, thus contributing to the achievement of broadbased economic growth. Background: The Guatemalan public education system is highly centralized and extremely inefficient, particularly at the primary school level. National enrollment deficits range from 30% to 40%, and are even higher in areas of extreme poverty. Repetition and dropout rates are very high in the first three primary grades. Only half of students enrolled in first grade eventually graduate from sixth grade at the national level. Moreover, as one of the most inefficient systems in Central America, an average of 10.6 years of instruction is required to produce one sixth grade graduate. Access and coverage are constrained by a chronic lack of resources. The Government of Guatemala's (GOG's) budget for education, as a percentage of gross domestic product, has decreased in the last two years and is the lowest in Latin America, including Haiti. As a result, the sustainability and expansion of the pilot activities which show promising signs of improving quality, efficiency and equity of primary schooling remains a major challenge. This program includes the last year of the Basic Education Strengthening project and a new rural primary education strategy. USAID Role and Achievements to Date: USAID support includes several communitybased, activelearning interventions, bilingual education services for Mayan students, a girl's education program, management information systems and management services and training, and achievement testing. While national repetition rates have remained unchanged over the life of the interventions, third grade completion rates have increased from 48.7% in 1992 to 57% in 1995, and in sixth grade from 28.5% in 1992 to an estimated 35% in 1995. Participating teachers understand and are applying the new activelearning, bilingual and girls' program methodologies developed with USAID support. Language achievement in the oneroom, activelearning pilot schools has increased significantly, surpassing program targets. Enrollment of Mayan students increased by an estimated 14% in 1995. Description: Of the total funding requested for population and health, $xxx is planned for population activities and $xxx is planned for health activities. USAID's program is focused on three major areas: improvements in quality, through classroom services designed to improve learning; improved efficiency through decentralized management and greater community participation in the education of their children; and increased equity of educational policies and practices. Communitylevel classroom interventions include an alternative curriculum for oneroom and multigrade rural schools, expanded and strengthened bilingual education services and materials, and a program aimed at keeping girls in school and increasing girls' active classroom participation all designed to make the education system more responsive to the needs of rural, predominantly Mayan families. Educational management systems and services include a regionalized management information system (MIS) and regional and departmentallevel training and technical assistance aimed at modernizing and decentralizing educational administration and improving the effectiveness of decisionmaking. Program policy actions are intended to intensify awareness of the importance of education to sustainable development and to increase Guatemala's investment in education. Host Country and Other Donors: Several donors have funded USAID innovations in primary education. UNICEF supports bilingual activelearning rural school programs modeled on the USAID project's oneroom schools. The German Technical Cooperation Agency provides assistance to the Ministry of Education in bilingual teacher training. The World Bank third education project (19972002), currently in the design stage, will expand all current USAID pilot activities on a national level. With USAIDfunded technical assistance, Guatemala's Social Investment Fund currently supports communitybased schools in more than 1,200 communities that lack education services. Unfortunately, due to resource constraints, the Government of Guatemala's counterpart contributions to education remain insufficient.Beneficiaries: The direct beneficiaries are children both boys and girls five to fourteen years of age living in the rural areas of Guatemala; parents; teachers; central, regional, and departmental Ministry of Education officials and personnel. USAIDfunded activities currently reach about 30% of the total rural and indigenous population. Principal Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: USAID implements activities through a contract with a U.S. firm (Academy of Educational Development), grants to a local NGO (Sugar Industry Foundation), and through the Ministry of Education. Major National Results Indicators: ` `  hh#(Baselinepp25LL>TargetX` hpLx (#%'0*,.8135@8:18% (1998)pX` hpLx (#%'0*,.8135@8:58.0% (1998) Completion Rates (6th grade) hh#27.8% (1991)-pp2539.0% (1998)