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Taking into account both the  xlow development base Guineans are starting from and the current positive trend toward economic  xkgrowth and democratization, it is estimated that USAID assistance will be required for another fifteen  xto twenty years to ensure sustainability. Guinea is now well positioned to become a strong development partner, and with continued assistance, can achieve its development goals.  }K( - Other Donors.  }K -  x/In 1994, Guinea's largest bilateral donor was France, followed by the United States, which provides  xapproximately 26% of all bilateral assistance. Japan, Ukraine, and Germany also are major donors.  xMultilateral donors include the World Bank, the African Development Bank, the European Union, and the International Monetary Fund.  }K- FY 1997 Program.  xUSAID will assist the GOG to improve the economic and social wellbeing of all Guineans by enhancing  xGuinea's human resource base while promoting economic growth in the nonmining sector. Supporting  x]education and human resources development will not only allow Guinean citizens to contribute to  x>economic growth, but also will enhance their ability to participate fully in the transition to democracy.  xEnhancing family planning services and introducing a maternal and child health program will reduce  xpressure on the country's resources and slow the rate of environmental degradation. Overall,  x continued development assistance to Guinea will help ensure that the GOG continues on the path to  xdemocratization and liberalization of the economy. The current program also provides an increased  x=level of direct support to U.S. private voluntary organizations (PVOs) working towards the development of civil society, improved governance capacity, and a marketbased economy.  }K- A gency Goal: Encouraging Broadbased Economic Growth  xGuinea's traditional reliance on its mineral exports has undermined sustainable, broadbased economic  xgrowth due to an unpredictable world market and the limited number of Guineans who benefit from  x\mining activities. Because an estimated 80% of Guineans are engaged in agricultural production, the  xcountry's potential for developing a comparative advantage in this sector is high. By reducing barriers  x!to agricultural production and marketing, and thereby increasing rural incomes, USAID supported efforts can benefit the greatest number of Guineans while fueling growth nationwide.  xBy constructing rural access roads, USAID has succeeded in reducing high transportation and  xmarketing costs in rural areas. As a direct result of this activity, 746 kilometers of rural roads have  xkbeen completed, and the cost of transporting agricultural goods on these roads has decreased 34%.  xzTime travel between markets has decreased by 86%, and the value of produce in markets served by  xMthese roads has increased 39%. In addition, more than 10,500 loans of $266 on average have been  xmade to rural entrepreneurs. Sixtyeight percent of loan recipients are women, and the overall  xrepayment rate is an impressive 100%. These achievements have led directly to a greater flow of  xzgoods and services in affected regions. However, transport, cold storage and packing costs remain  xzprohibitively high, while limited credit options for largescale enterprises continue to constrain growth  xin this sector. Interest rate policy reform and improvements in financial services are therefore still  xneeded, as well as better rules for the establishment of private businesses that will lower the cost of agriculturerelated services."h)0*0*0*z+"Ԍ x ԙTo overcome these obstacles, in 1994 USAID supported the establishment of a farmers' association  x>called the Agricultural Marketing Foundation that has since engaged the GOG in a dialogue on export  xand other agriculturerelated policies. Members are provided valuable information on pricing strategies  xand marketing. A loan guarantee fund, which became operational in 1995, is simultaneously  xaddressing the need for greater access to credit. With ongoing support, these two institutions will  xcontinue to successfully promote export contracts and help modernize agricultural production and  }K-marketing techniques, which will lead to increased trade, investment, and productivity in this sector.  }Kx-  xGuinea's highly illiterate human resource base is another major constraint to economic growth and  xdevelopment. A 71% illiterate population means poor management in the public and private sectors,  xlimited ability to take advantage of agricultural export opportunities, reduced capacity to understand  x>and use family health services, and slower adoption of democratic principles. USAID's emphasis on  x/increased primary school enrollment and female education is anticipated to strongly affect growth in  xagricultural productivity and microenterprise development, especially in view of the significant role  xwomen play in these areas. Expanded family education also will contribute directly to lowered fertility rates and improved health status.  }KH - xRemarkable  progress made in the education sector since 1990 reflects both the GOG's commitment  xto education reform and the success of a collaborative donor effort. USAID has provided both  xbudgetary and technical assistance to the Ministry of PreUniversity Education, resulting in a  x]reallocation of GOG resources that has doubled the budget for primary education, improved staff  x>planning and management, and led to the redeployment of over 1,800 teachers to the primary school  x^level. Primary school enrollment has increased by approximately 173,000 new students, with  xincreases exceeding 60% in the number of girls and rural children starting first grade. With an  xkestimated 4% average annual increase in the gross enrollment rate, some 155,000 new students will  xbe enrolled in FY 1996. However, delays in the transfer of funds from the central budget to the  xministerial level, a lack of adequate internal controls, high repeater and dropout rates, and cultural  xbiases against girls' education remain obstacles. Future funds, therefore, will be used to continue the  xpolicy and management reforms already undertaken by the GOG, to sustain growing enrollment and  xkgraduation rates, and to assist the GOG in developing a standardized achievement testing system so that results such as literacy rates associated with improving the quality of education can be measured.  }K- xStrategic Objective 1: hhGrowth in Agricultural Markets(#h  }K- hxStrategic Objective 3: hhIncreased Enrollment in Primary School, with an Emphasis on Rural and Female Participation(#h  }K- Agency Goal: Stabilizing World Population Growth and Protecting Human Health  xGuinea's population growth rate of 2.8% annually constrains progress toward economic development  xand democratization by increasing pressure on already scarce resources. To reduce fertility and  xprevent the spread of disease, USAID assistance supports the distribution of family planning  x/commodities through public and private sector facilities, and promotes awareness of family planning  x>options and HIV/AIDS through mass media information campaigns. USAID also supported the GOG's  xadoption of a national population policy advocating smaller family size in 1992, and a program of  xworking with religious leaders to address resistance to messages on family planning and disease  xprevention. As a result of these efforts, the message "Abstinence, Fidelity, Prudence" was developed  xand prominent religious leaders now actively support family planning and disease prevention in Guinea.  x30% of the population has gained access to family planning services. This is expected to increase  xusage levels and condom sales have more than quadrupled during the last four years, including a 70% increase in the last year alone.  xMHowever, reproductive behavior changes slowly and depends on the continued availability of health  xkservices. Therefore FY 1997 funds will be used to continue existing activities ad well as to design a"h)0*0*0*z+"  xzcomprehensive program for improving mothers' and children's health. This program will be integrated  xinto existing healthcare systems, thereby increasing Guinea's low rate of child survival. Over the long term, this will ensure the sustainability of USAIDsupported activities in this sector.  }K - xStrategic Objective 2:` Increased Ability of Families to Determine Household Size (#  }K- Agency Goal: Protecting the Environment  }Kx-  xUSAID works with rural populations in watersheds in the fragile northeastern Fouta Djallon Highlands,  x1the source of headwaters for four major rivers in West Africa. The program is improving the  xkmanagement of natural resources to prevent the negative effects of environmental degradation such  xas soil erosion and the depletion of water resources. These activities have already resulted in the  ximprovement of local wells that make potable water available throughout the year, thereby reducing  xthe spread of disease and enabling women to devote more time to farming activities rather than  x^fetching water. These activities also improve the quality and quantity of water supplies in the  xneighboring countries bordering the four rivers. This is a multidonor effort in which USAID focusses on three of the twelve watersheds  }KH -  }K-xSpecial Objective 2:`  Protecting the Environment(#  }K- Agency Goal: Building Democracy  }Kh-  xUSAID's experience worldwide is that the transition from a statist to a democratic society hinges on  xthe role of advocacy groups that can champion democratic principles and influence institutional  x.behavior. Solid economic growth requires the decentralization of decisionmaking processes to include  x\citizens at the local level. Activities in this area will therefore focus on increasing the participation of  xall Guinean citizens in the nascent democratization process and helping to develop an environment of good governance.  xBoth Guinea's high illiteracy rate and legacy of authoritarian rule pose obstacles to the development  d(#?of a democratic society. USAID therefore plans to strengthen the capacity of locallevel citizens'  d(#organizations to articulate and represent their members' interests through training in basic literacy and  d(#management skills, as well as democratic principles. After completing a 1995 study to assess the  d(#capacity of existing governance structures and the current level of democratization in Guinea, USAID  d(#Nplans to support training and workshops that encourage participation in political life and decision d(#\making processes in FY 1997. Through these interventions, the USAID program will promote greater  }K -citizen participation in the political process and increased accountability.  }K-   }K-Special Objective 1:`  Fostering Civil Society Development and Good Governance(#  }K@- Agency Goal: Providing Humanitarian Assistance  d(#=Food security in Guinea is impaired by low income levels, poor market access, poor nutritional practices  d(#kand population pressures. USAID therefore is using P.L. 480 Title II resources to monetize wheat and  d(#/vegetable oil for investment in a program to promote food security. Specifically, the program aims to  d(#{improve maternal health, child nutrition, food production, and utilization and consumption practices  d(#through community education and training. These activities will be implemented by two U.S. PVOs, Africare and Opportunities Industrialization Centers International.  }KH&- Strategic Objective 1: hhCGrowth in Agricultural Markets(#h  p "'0*0*0*)"  p  uGUINEA <FY 1997 PROGRAM SUMMARY\ h ddx !ddx 8Z h  2  &(&   `F#TxP7MP##,?xP7D,P##TxP7MP##O P7P#nJ"    w Encouraging Broadbased  Economic  Growth"EZStabilizing CWPopulation CLGrowth and EzProtecting KHuman KHealth "P P P :Protecting the Environment"    )Building Democracy"7 7 7 $Providing ^Humanitarian  Assistance 7R("          sTOTALS2    &(&  USAID Strategic Objectives&  &  &  &  &  &    R &&  1. Growth in Agricultural Markets Dev. Fund for Africa P.L. 480 Title II  #-D -D  2,622,966 #w w w #  I57,179 #      #TD TD TD /1,024,000 #n" n" A 2,680,145 A 1,024,000  &  &&  2. Increased Ability of Families to Determine Household Size Dev. Fund for Africa #-D -D -D -D#w w w R6,278,641#   #       #TD TD TD TD#n" n" n" A 6,278,641 l   &e&  3. Increased Enrollment in Primary School, with an Emphasis on Rural and Female Participation Dev. Fund for Africax#-D -D -D -D  4,343,384 -De#w w w w we#    e#         e#TD TD TD TD TDe#n" n" n" n" A 4,343,384l    &e&  4. Fostering Civil Society Development and Good Governance Dev. Fund for Africa>#-D>#w>#>#    W1,590,180>#TD>#n" n" A 1,590,180  P   &H&   `F Totals Dev. Fund for Africa P.L. 480 Title II#-D   6,966,350 + #w P 6,278,641# I57,179   H#  W1,590,180  H#TD L /1,024,000H#n" |14,892,350 A 1,024,000P  >H  }K&-#ixP7ͷP#USAID Mission Director: John Flynn#O P7P#ѐ }K-(#\#ixP7ͷP# " 0*0*0* A"  }K->OACTIVITY DATA SHEET Ã  }K-PROGRAM: GUINEA  }KX- TITLE AND NUMBER: Growth in Agricultural Markets, 675S001  }K - STATUS: Continuing  }K- PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: FY 1997: $2,680,145 DFA $1,024,000 P.L. 480 Title II  }Kx- INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1995; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 1999  }K- d(#Purpose: To increase growth and efficiency in agricultural markets by improving the current policy and  d(#regulatory environment, developing effective financial and investment services, promoting product marketing, and transferring sustainable production technologies to farmers. ` `  }K( - d(#Background: Agricultural development offers the best opportunity to reduce the Government of  d(#Guinea's (GOG) dependence on revenues from the mining sector. The agriculture sector accounts for  d(#24% of Guinea's gross domestic product (GDP) and employs 80% of the labor force. While  d(#agricultural output in Guinea compares favorably with that of other subSaharan African countries,  d(#.public expenditures for agriculture have not generated the expected increases in valueadded activities and overall productivity.  }K- d(# USAID Role and Achievements to Date: USAID supports growth in agricultural markets through four  d(#main activities: constructing rural roads to open isolated productive areas to local and regional  d(#markets, lending to rural microenterprises, promoting sustainable agricultural production through  d(#support for improved soil and water management techniques, and enhancing the capacity of the GOG to promote and facilitate private sector participation in agricultural marketing and production.  d(#mAs a result of these activities, more than 760 kilometers of rural roads have been built to date.  d(#]Transportation costs and transport time have been decreased by over 35%, and more goods are  d(#available at lower costs. 10,500 microenterprise loans have been made, twothirds of which are  d(#Oowned and operated by women. To date the repayment rate on loans is 100%. The value of  d(#beneficiaries' assets has doubled. Their consumption and buying power have increased, and they are  d(#generating employment for thousands of employees. Simultaneously, the USAIDsupported Agricultural  d(#zMarketing and Investment Foundation is promoting agribusiness development through market analysis  d(#and business services. In order to promote lending to larger agribusinesses, USAID also is supporting  d(#zthe Agricultural Marketing Loan Guarantee Fund by providing training and insuring 37.5% of the value  d(#?of loans made to members of the Marketing Foundation as an incentive for lending by commercial banks.  d(# USAID activities also enhance soil fertility, check erosion, support reforestation, and help producers  d(#in isolated areas to find markets for their goods. Partially as a result of these efforts, onion production  d(#in areas targeted by the activity increased by 1300% in 1995. Honey production and marketing increased by 800%, and similar results are expected for potato production.  d(#mFinally, USAID supports enhanced agricultural sector management through improved planning,  d(#monitoring and evaluation of policy impact, increased government accountability, and transparency of  d(#the decision-making process. Under these activities, the Ministry of Agriculture's financial and  d(#>management systems continue to improve, while Guinea's Central Bank has developed a framework  d(#for supervising, monitoring, and regulating private financial institutions to increase the amount of credit available to medium and largesized rural businesses.  }K'- d(#>Description: USAID supports activities designed to reduce excessive transportation costs in moving  d(#agricultural produce to markets, to improve access to credit, to transfer sustainable production  d(#technologies to farmers in one of the most ecologically fragile areas in Guinea, and to foster an  d(#Oimproved policy and regulatory environment. USAID is also using P.L. 480 Title II resources to"h)0*0*0*z+A" monetize wheat and vegetable oil for investment in programs to promote food security  d(#USAID works with the Ministry of Agriculture and small and mediumsized construction firms to  d(# rehabilitate secondary roads in 13 areas throughout the country. These roads will open agricultural  d(#areas affecting approximately 279,000 farm families. In addition to lowering transportation costs, this  d(#"activity contributes to sustainable agricultural production by improving market access to rural  d(#Oproducers. Funding for management and entrepreneurial training and lending in rural areas is  d(#channelled through a U.S. private voluntary organization (PVO), which collaborates with a local  d(#>nongovernmental organization (NGO). Through USAIDfunded training and technical assistance, the  d(#Ministry of Agriculture and the Central Bank's management, planning and policy reform practices have  d(#kbecome more supportive of agricultural production and trade. USAID support also is provided for the  d(#/implementation of land code legislation, which is essential for ensuring ownership of cultivated land, concomitant investments in sustainable production technology, and the emergence of land markets.  }K - d(#Host Country and Other Donors: The World Bank finances agricultural marketing and export  d(#promotion. The World Bank, European Union, and French support rural infrastructure programs,  d(#including road construction. Natural resources management is also a multi-donor effort. The United  d(#Nations Development Programme, the U.N. Environment Program, the World Bank, France, Germany  d(#and Holland support activities in nine of the twelve ecologically fragile watershed areas targeted by the GOG for promoting conservation and sustainable agriculture.  d(#USAID works in the remaining three watershed areas. The GOG contributes significantly to this  d(#{activity in the form of counterpart funds generated from a recently completed USAID P.L. 480 Title  d(#III Program ($15 million) and through inkind contributions, including personnel, salaries, and tax exonerations for equipment and supplies.  }KP- d(#.Beneficiaries: Studies show that when women prosper, children benefit. Approximately 5,000 women  d(#and their children have prospered as a result of the small enterprise lending program. Similarly, the  d(#opening of previously isolated areas has benefited more than 1,000,000 agricultural producers (the  d(#majority of whom are women) by allowing them to increase marketing activities while providing greater access to services such as health, education, and tools and other agricultural inputs.  }K- d(#Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: USAID implements these activities through three U.S.  d(#forprofit firms, the Development Assistance Corporation, Sheladea, and Chemonics, International; U.S.  d(#private voluntary organizations: Volunteers International in Technical Assistance, Africare and Opportunities Industrialization Centers International; and the GOG's Ministry of Agriculture.  }K-Major Results Indicators  }K-` `  hhCBaselineppTarget Decrease in travel time (%)  }K@-on rehabilitated rural roads hhC14% (1995)pp48% (1998)(#h  }K -Agriculture exports of coffee` XhhC11,200 mt (1990)pp28,000 mt (1997)(#h  }K -Agriculture imports of fertilizer hhC3,425 mt (1988)pp 9,100 mt (1997)(#h Agricultural Marketing Foundation  }K`"-Membership (members) hhC520 (1995)pp800 (1997)  }K(#-Female members (%) hhC10qpp20  }K#-Exports per AMF memberhhC0.25 mt (1994)pp1.70 mt (1997)  }K$-Packaging imports per AMF memberhhC5 ea. (1994)pp85 ea. (1997)  }K%-Number of microenterprise loanshhC1,375 (1992)pp15,355 (1998)  }KH&-Value of loans (000 Guinea Francs)hhC206,800 (1992)pp3,115.8 (1998)  }K'-Female members (%) hhC61% (1992)pp68% (1998) "'0*0*0*)A" >OACTIVITY DATA SHEET  }K- Program: GUINEA  }KX- Title and Number: Increased Ability of Families to Determine Family Size, 675S002  }K - Status: Continuing  }K- Proposed Obligation and Funding Source: FY 1997: $6,278,641 DFA  }K- Initial Obligation: FY 1995; Estimated Completion Date: FY 2001  }K@- d(#Purpose: To increase the quality and use of family planning and diseaseprevention products and services.  }K- d(#>Background: Infant, child, and maternal mortality rates in Guinea are among the highest in the world.  d(#  Even so, the population is rising rapidly with a fertility rate of 6.0 children per woman. Although the  d(#rate of HIV infection for the population as a whole remains relatively low at roughly 1%, the proportion  d(#kof women infected has increased by 39% over the past eight years. The country's recent economic  d(#liberalization and nascent healthcare system are based on the Government of Guinea's (GOG) desire  d(# to improve efficiency and serviceprovision in the public sector. However, the GOG's financial and  d(#management resources are inadequate to address basic health needs and to make family planning services available to the population.  }K-Ԡ  }K- d(#USAID Role and Achievements to Date: As a result of USAID support for reducing population growth,  d(#the GOG has adopted a national population policy and developed a family code that promotes reduced  d(#fertility. USAID support for contraceptive marketing activities has led to a significant increase in the  d(#national acceptance and use of family planning and HIV/AIDS prevention methods. Family planning  d(#services have been installed in twothirds of the USAIDsupported national healthcare centers and  d(#hospitals, providing over 30,000 couples with access to modern contraceptives. A nationwide  d(#network of commercial outlets for family planning and AIDS prevention products also has been  d(#=established, which increased condom sales by 70% in the last year alone. As a result of these efforts,  d(#eight million retail condom sales were made through the private sector during the past four years, and  d(#during the first three quarters of 1995, two million condoms were sold. Nationwide, the contraceptive prevalence rate has increased 3.3% since 1992.  }K- d(#>Description: USAID's health activities in Guinea focus on three areas: Improving the policy and legal  d(#climate for family planning; integrating family planning services into the national primary health care  d(#system; and establishing a social marketing system to provide contraceptive products and services  d(#|through the private sector. These activities are implemented through a U.S. nongovernmental  d(#organization that works with local NGOs to conduct policy workshops, AIDS awareness and condom d(#lmarketing activities. Modern contraceptive services are also provided to couples through USAIDsupported healthcare facilities.  }K@- d(#zHost Country and Other Donors: USAID and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) are the two  d(#]major donors supporting family planning in Guinea. UNFPA focuses on integrating family planning  d(#lservices into public health clinics in two regions of the country where USAID is not working. The  d(#United Nations Childrens' Fund is the principal provider of assistance for integrating family planning  d(#services into the primary healthcare system nationwide. The World Bank is providing credit to the  d(#@GOG for the construction of health facilities in two other regions of the country. The German development bank has approached USAID on possible cofinancing of social marketing activities.  }K%- d(#Beneficiaries: Women and adolescents of childbearing age and sexually active adults are the primary  d(#beneficiaries of USAID assistance. Over two million sexually active Guineans now have access to  d(#@USAIDsupported health centers in the most remote regions of the country, and over 100,000  d(#kpackages of yearlong protection have been supplied to Guinean couples due to the success of this  d(#/activity. Children under five years of age are indirect beneficiaries of child spacing activities, which increases their chances of having healthy young lives. "h)0*0*0*z+A"Ԍ }K- d(#]ԙPrincipal Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: USAID implements its activities under this strategic objective through Population Services International, a U.S. private voluntary organization.   }KX-Major Results Indicators:  }K -` `  hhCqBaseline  )Target  }K-Increase in Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (%)2 (1992)  )5 (2001)  }K-Family planning services integrated in health centers  }Kx-(number of health centers)hhCq0 (1995)  )120 (2001)  }K@-Condoms sold in public sector (millions)q0 (1992)  )15 (2001) " 0*0*0*bA" >OACTIVITY DATA SHEET  }K- PROGRAM : Guinea  }KX- d(# TITLE AND NUMBER : Increased Enrollment in Primary School with a Particular Emphasis on Rural and Female Participation, 675 S003  }K- STATUS : Continuing  }K- PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE : FY 1997: $4,343,384 DFA  }Kx- INITIAL OBLIGATION : FY 1995; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE : FY 2002  }K@-  }K- d(# Purpose: To increase enrollment and the quality of education in primary school, particularly for rural  d(#and female children, by developing the administrative and financial management capacity of the  d(#Ministry of PreUniversity Education (MEPU), increasing community participation in education financing and decisionmaking processes, and training teachers.  }K - d(#Background: An insufficiently trained human resource base is one of the key constraints to broad d(#mbased economic growth and sustainable development in Guinea. Constraints to equitable and  d(#accessible education in Guinea include delays in the transfer of funds from the national treasury to  d(#2MEPU, high repeater and dropout rates, and cultural biases against girls' education. The  d(#>government's need to reduce budgetary expenditures also can limit needed education spending, for example, on the expansion of primary education facilities.  d(#USAID therefore is assisting the Government of Guinea (GOG) to implement its education sector  d(#reform program (ESRP) by providing budgetary incentives and technical assistance for MEPU to more  d(#efficiently manage its financial and human resources for primary education. The second phase of this  d(#project will focus on increasing local community participation in education policy planning and financing as well.  }K- d(#zUSAID Role and Achievements to Date: As a result of USAID's support for this multidonor effort, the  d(#gross enrollment rate for primary school children rose from 28% in 1990 to 43% in 1995, while first  d(#grade enrollments increased 35% over the same period. The GOG's allocation for its education sector  d(#>budget rose from 13% of the national budget in 1989 to over 26% in 1995, while primary education's  d(#zshare of this budget rose by 2% over the same period. Girls' enrollment rates rose from 17% to 28% and rural childrens' rates rose from 20% to 34% between 1990 and 1995.  }K- d(#Description: The education sector reform program helps leverage a greater share of GOG expenditure  d(#Mfor primary education and provides critical training in administration, finance, curriculum development  d(#and teaching. The Mission will continue to provide education policy assistance to the Ministry while  d(#ltraining teachers, delivering educational materials to primary school students and instructors, and  d(#working with communities and NGOs to ensure better school management and education financing at  d(#>the local level. These combined activities will ensure increased enrollment rates, improved quality of teaching and therefore learning, fewer school dropouts and ultimately a more literate work force.  }K - d(#Host Country and Other Donors: The World Bank is providing $40 million during the next five years  d(#/for education sector reforms. USAID has committed $20 million, and the French organization French  d(#kCooperation is financing approximately $5 million in education assistance over this period. The World  d(#Bank finances school construction, school nutrition programs, and school management microprojects.  d(#The French organization provides technical advice on monitoring and evaluation of program impact,  d(#zpersonnel issues, and curriculum reform, particularly at the secondary level. Donors coordinate their  d(#activities through a series of joint reviews and periodic meetings to collaborate on technical and policy  d(#issues. The GOG provides office space for technical advisors and pays the salaries of all Guinean participants in USAID's education activities as part of its contribution.  }K(- d(#Beneficiaries: The direct beneficiaries of USAID assistance in the education sector are the approximately 1.1 million primary schoolaged children in Guinea and 11,600 primary school teachers."h) 0*0*0*z+A"Ԍ }K- d(#?ԙPrincipal Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: USAID implements activities through the Education Development Center/LearnTech and local NGOs.  }KX-Major Results Indicators:  }K -` `  ` XhhCXqBaselineppTarget(#  }K-Gross Enrollment Rate XXhhCXq28% (1990) pp47% (1997)(#  }K-Girls' Enrollment Rate XXhhCXq17% (1990) pp34% (1997)(#  }Kx-Rural Enrollment Rate XXhhCXq21% (1990) pp39% (1997)(#  }K@-First grade enrollment XXhhCXq34% (1990) pp55% (1997)(#  }K-Girls' share of first grade enrollmenthhCq34% (1990) pp41% (1997)  }K-Education share of GOG budget hhCXq13% (1989) pp25% (1997)(#  }K-Primary education share of  }K` -education budget XXhhCXq34% (1989) pp40% (1997)(#  }K - " 0*0*0*| A"  }K->O ACTIVITY DATA SHEET Ã  }K-PROGRAM: GUINEA  }KX- TITLE AND NUMBER: Strengthening Civil Society Capacity, 675SP01  }K - STATUS: Continuing  }K- PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: FY 1997: $1,590,180 DFA  }K- INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1995; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2000  }K@- d(#]Purpose: To strengthen the capacity of Guinean citizens to participate more fully and equitably in Guinea's social, economic and political life.  }K- Background:` ` The critical transition to multiparty democracy and a liberal economy that Guinea began  d(#in 1984 continues today. This process is made difficult by the legacy of 26 years of authoritarian  d(#rule. During this time, civil society and democratic institutions were repressed, private sector activities  d(# and initiatives all but destroyed, the development of autonomous voluntary organizations stifled, and  d(#0human rights repressed. Democratization under the government that succeeded this regime has  d(#?permitted the development of an active, but still vulnerable, independent press, the emergence of  d(# human rights organizations, and the creation of political parties, a national electoral commission, and  d(#detailed procedures for conducting national and local elections. The transition from a statist to a  d(#|democratic society also has given private firms, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), rural  d(#development associations, and women's groups much freedom to organize and manage their own affairs.  }K- d(#mUSAID Role and Achievement to Date: The first phase of a democracy and governance (D/G)  d(#assessment to provide essential information on Guinean governance structures and political institutions  d(#was completed in 1995. Through a U.S. organization, Associates in Rural Development, USAID  d(#Nfinanced,an indepth study of local community organizations in the Northcentral (Haut) Region of  d(#Guinea. This study will provide the information necessary to effectively develop and implement a  d(#Olongterm institutional capacitybuilding effort for locallevel organizations. The activity will be  d(#kimplemented in cooperation with a U.S. PVO, the National Cooperative Business Association (NCBA),  d(#which currently works with locallevel organizations in the Coastal (Maritime) Region training members in how to organize and mange their organizations in a democratic manner.  }K-  }K- d(#Description: USAID plans to implement this special objective in the Coastal (Maritime) Region of  d(#Guinea where there is a high concentration of local associations as well as other USAID activities that  d(#\will benefit from the training and other components of this project. Training and workshops are also  d(#kbeing considered for the northcentral region where the study was undertaken. These interventions  d(#will strengthen the capacity of locallevel organizations and associations to articulate, advocate, and  d(#represent their community interests and to influence the Government of Guinea's (GOG) plans and policies.  d(#Women will be one of the groups targeted by this project. To help strengthen the crucial role women  d(#0play in Guinea's economic and social life, training in financial management, democratic principles,  d(#decentralized decisionmaking, and good governance practices will be an important goal of this special objective.  }K#- d(#Host Country and Other Donors: While USAID does not work directly with the central government ,  d(#}it has supported the GOG's decentralization policies through training activities. USAID also  }K%- d(#\collaborates with other donors working to strengthen NGOs and various grassroots organizations in  d(#other regions of Guinea. Other donors working in NGO development are the European Union, Canada, Germany, and the World Bank, which focuses on governance issues.  }K(- d(#>Beneficiaries: The project's beneficiaries include all members of local organizations associated with the project plus the communities and clients they serve in the Maritime region of Guinea."h) 0*0*0*z+A"Ԍ }K-ԙ  }K- d(#Principal Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: The National Cooperative Business Association (NCBA)  }K-and other contractors yet to be determined.  }K -Major Results Indicators:  }K-` `  hhCqBaselineppTarget  }K-Grassroots level groups organizedhhCq0 (1996)pp200 (2000)  ) along democratic lines  }K@-Literate members involved inhhCq0 (1996)pp3,400 (2000) local/government issues  }K-Number of people trained in mobilizationq0 (1996)pp4,250 (2000) of local resources, accountability and basic organizational management  }KH - #\2P9COP#