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10cpiXXPє\  PŽQXPє\  €`*Times New Roman (TT)Xєx Œ @ЩЧ;X@< Œ 9€`("Courier 10cpiXєixа№P7ћєP,xа№A€`&Univers (Scalable)єTxа№P7ћP,xа№A€`&Univers (Scalable)єixа№P7ћєP,xа№A€`&Univers (Scalable)єћџ2EXMX#|5У Уааб#єixа№P7ћєP#бBRAZILаа FY 1997 Development Assistance: $12,515,000 Ф Ф У УIntroduction.Ф Ф Brazil is critically important to the U.S. national interest because of its vast size, a population of 150 million persons, and an economy of $500 billion. These attributes make Brazil the predominant power in Latin America, a strategic ally of the United States, and a valuable trading partner with over $20 billion in bilateral trade. The U.S. interest in longЉterm, sustainable development in Brazil is hampered by Brazil's past performance of poor economic management, an extremely uneven distribution of income, and serious problems in issues of global importance such as the environment, population, and health care. In 1995, the Government of Brazil (GOB) continued its commitment to resolve longЉstanding constraints to development, such as hyperЉinflation, weak democratic institutions, and social inequality. The economic reform program reduced inflation to slightly over 20% and the gross domestic product (GDP) grew at just over 4%. In this reform context, modest U.S. assistance can play a catalytic role in Brazil's economic and social transformation. У УThe Development ChallengeФ Ф. USAID assistance to Brazil is carefully targeted to areas of critical need for the Brazilian development process where the United States has a comparative advantage in technical assistance: environmental protection, women's health, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention. USAID assistance has been instrumental in developing pilot projects which the multilateral banks and other donors have then replicated on a larger scale. Deforestation in the Amazon is a problem which is of global concern. Environmentally sound land use and systems for sustainable management of cleared and forested areas in the Amazon are critical in order to stop destruction of the Amazon rain forest, reduce greenhouse gases, preserve biodiversity, and provide economically viable alternatives for inhabitants of the area. Population growth in Brazil has slowed substantially, reflecting the rapid fertility decline that occurred between 1965 and 1990. However, the high aggregate contraceptive prevalence rate masks significant regional variations and serious distortions in the family planning sector that have important implications for reproductive health. In Northeast Brazil, there is a great need to improve quality and sustainability of family planning programs because of the region's poverty, population pressures, and poor reproductive health indicators. Brazil has the second highest number of reported AIDS cases in the world, and it is estimated that 500,000 Brazilians are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To address these challenges the USAID program currently has three strategic objectives in the areas of environment, family planning, and AIDS prevention. Over 80% of the USAID program is implemented by U.S. private voluntary organizations (PVOs) and Brazilian nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) carrying out programs in poor communities in the rural Amazon, the impoverished Northeast with a population of 40 million, and the slums of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Over the next several years USAID will continue to focus on vital environmental concers but plans to phase out its support for the reproductive health services program by 1999 and for the HIV/AIDS program. У УOther Donors. Ф Ф USAID has collaborated with the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the World Bank, the InterЉAmerican Development Bank (IDB) and Germany, Japan and Canada. In FY 1994, the United States is the sixth largest provider of development assistance, providing $14.7 million, which is about 16% of the amount provided by Japan. У УFY 1997 Program.Ф Ф In 1997, the USAID program will focus on continuing the phaseЉdown of our Reproductive Health strategic objective, scheduled for completion in 1999, with the provision of modest additional resources to guarantee sustainability and integration of AIDS prevention; initiation of the second phase of our global climate change and biodiversity program; and modification of the current AIDS strategic objective to include atЉrisk youth. Special objectives in the area of atЉrisk youth and energy efficiency will be completed in 1997. Finally, a special objective will be initiated in strengthening civil society and administration of justice, with a focused approach and a modest level of resources will be initiated. Global Climate Change and Biodiversity: The 1997 program will focus on activities in the Amazon, Atlantic rain forest, and Pantanal and Cerrado. Within this context, programs will be initiated which fund applied research and extend alreadyЉtested research in sustainable forestry to additional areas of the central and lower Amazon by Woods Hole Research Institute, World Wildlife Fund, Tropical Forestry Foundation, and other NGOs. A new ParksЉinЉPeril project will be initiated by The Nature Conservancy in an area of southern Atlantic rain forest, and additional sustainable forestry activities in Atlantic rainforest in Bahia state will be carried out by Conservation International. The Nature Conservancy will continue it's upper Amazon and Pantanal conservation activities. Finally, a new "Next Generation of Amazon" scientists applied research project will be initiated. Reproductive Health: USAID will continue to implement its reproductive health strategy in 1997. Special emphasis will be spent on activities to phase over USAID provision of contraceptive commodities to other sources, to institutionalize the program in the two target states, and to collect impact evaluation data. HIV/AIDS: In 1997, the program will focus on sustaining programs which have made an impact in the southeast target areas, while exploring the potential integration of the future AIDS prevention program with other USAID activities in Northeast Brazil that are targeted at women and adolescents. In addition to USAID's three strategic objectives there are four special objectives which are also being implemented in FY 1997: AtЉRisk Youth; Energy Efficiiency and Renvewable Energy; and Administration of Justice. У У Agency Goal: Stabilizing World Population Growth and Protecting Human HealthФ Ф Population growth in Brazil has slowed substantially, reflecting the rapid fertility decline that occurred between 1965 and 1990. Total fertility is now estimated to be about 2.8 children per reproductiveЉ aged woman. Contraceptive prevalence is close to 70%. However, the high aggregate contraceptive prevalence rate masks significant regional variations and serious distortions in the family planning sector that have important implications for reproductive health. Northeastern Brazil, with a population of over 40 million (about 30% of the national total), lags behind the rest of the country in terms of social indicators, including infant mortality, total fertility, and contraceptive prevalence rates. USAID's population assistance is concentrated in the states of Ceara and Bahia in Northeast Brazil, where the need to improve quality and sustainability is greater because of the region's poverty, population pressures, and poor reproductive health indicators. USAID's program seeks to improve the quality of family planning services in order to ensure that a balanced, highЉquality sustainable program exists in target areas. The USAID strategy concentrates on expanding the limited range of family planning methods available, increasing information about reproductive health care, and the sustainable integration of family planning with women's health care delivery systems in the private and public sectors. USAID assistance to the public sector began in 1992; stateЉlevel programs in Ceara and Bahia have made substantial progress over the past three years, setting up institutional mechanisms and mobilizing political support for reproductive health. During FY 1995 training programs were conducted for service providers in contraceptive methods and improved technical and counselling skills which resulted in increased contraceptive prevalence. The Government of Bahia has demonstrated strong support and is assuming most of the local costs of the family planning services, including paying for commodities previously donated by USAID. A demographic and health survey, was carried out.. The survey results, which will be available in 1996, will provide the information on the impact of USAID's assistance and the remaining work to be done by the 1999 program completion date. Brazil has the second largest number of AIDS cases in the world. Over 75,000 cases of AIDS were reported by the Brazilian Ministry of Health between 1980 and 1995, and more than 500,000 Brazilians are estimated to be infected with HIV. In SРMРo Paulo, AIDS is now the leading cause of death among reproductiveЉaged women, reflecting a shift in the epidemic to heterosexual transmission. Since 1992, USAID has implanted its AIDS prevention program through the AIDS Control and Prevention Project (AIDSCAP). The program is focused primarily in the states of SРMРo Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, the most affected areas (where 69% of the AIDS cases are reported) and is designed to develop and support local capacity to prevent and control HIV/AIDS. The program seeks to reach individuals at risk of HIV infection by improving the treatment and control of STDs, minimizing highЉrisk behavior, and increasing access to and use of condoms. AIDSCAP has developed 13 subprojects with NGOs, state and municipalЉlevel governments, and state universities to carry out HIV/AIDS prevention activities, behavioral research, logistics management, condom social marketing, and policy reform. Other HIV/AIDS prevention activities in Brazil include counseling and services offered by the International Planned Parenthood Federation affiliate in a program to integrate HIV/AIDS with reproductive health care, and to provide awareness and prevention activities for adolescents. New referral systems have been put in place to ensure that high risk groups have access to and are utilizing the STD clinical services. Social marketing of condoms intervention is expanding. The total market for condoms grew to nearly 100 million units, more than doubling in size since 1989. Almost 75,000 persons were counseled or participated in educational sessions designed to promote the adoption of safe sexual behavior. Technical assistance has been provided to Brazilian NGOs to improve management, financial administration, and evaluation capabilities. РР Strategic Objective 1:ТИ И И ТIncrease access to contraceptive methods and integrated family planning services in order to improve women's reproductive health. РР Strategic Objective 2:ТИ И И ТReduced rates of sexually transmitted HIV infection in target populations in two geographic regions. У УAgency Goal: Protecting the EnvironmentФ Ф Brazil is considered a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions because of deforestation and burning that take place extensively in the Amazon as well as the savanna (cerrado) zone. By disseminating environmentally sustainable development alternatives throughout the Amazon region and reducing the frequency of burning in the savannas, COУУ2ФФ emissions are reduced and biodiversity is conserved. In the Atlantic forest region of Brazil and, to a lesser extent, in the Amazon, severe forest fragmentation threatens the viability of tropical forest biodiversity. Through innovative partnerships between U.S. environmental PVOs and Brazilian NGOs, and training of key individuals, the USAID Global Climate Change (GCC) program has made a major difference on the course of development in these areas in the first five years of the program. During 1995 grantees supported under the Program engaged in major outreach efforts in the Brazilian Amazon and Atlantic forest. Geographical data bases established by the local NGOs that document local community experiences in forest management in light of local infrastructure and environmental conditions have been used to guide community forest management plans for a new settlement project, to define an environmental buffer for a major mining project, to orient a strategy for ecotourism development in a forested coastal area, and to design a new World Bank project in forest resource management. The participatory nature of the USAID environmental program, its relatively low cost, and its focus on flexible NGO mechanisms for implementation has become its prime defining characteristic and a major factor in its success. The USAID partnership approach lends credibility to fieldЉoriented NGOs that are working to find viable solutions to resource use issues in forested regions. U.S. NGOs are important for technical backstopping and guidance for local NGO partners. The local NGOs themselves have grown and are taking even broader leadership roles at the state and federal level. The local head of World Wildlife Foundation (WWF) recently became the Secretary for Integrated Development in the Brazilian Ministry of Environment. The USAIDЉtrained (environmental public policy) head of the Brazilian SocioЉEnvironmental Institute, an NGO concerned with indigenous rights, is now head of the federal Indian Protection Agency. A change in attitude is slowly taking place in the most conservative ranks of the Brazilian government, recognizing the effectiveness of the USAID participative partnership approach to environmental issues. The greatest advance has been getting the World Bank to adopt the USAID approach in design of new projects. The World Bank has turned to USAID for assistance in designing components of a pilot program to conserve the Brazilian Rain Forest. Just those components redefined under the pilot program in 1995 amount to over ten times the dollar value of the first fiveЉyear cost of the GCC Program. This leveraging effect and the swift turn around in World Bank practices will have a lasting effect in the Amazon. РР Strategic Objective 3:ТИ И И ТEnvironmentally and socioЉeconomically sustainable alternatives for sound land use adopted beyond target areas. У УSpecial ObjectivesСИ И СФ Ф USAID has three areas of interest for which there are special objectives. These are at risk youth, administration of justice, and energy. At Risk Youth: This program will continue to initiate and implement activities for atЉrisk youth with Brazilian NGOs in the Northeast, with special emphasis on specific needs of atЉrisk girls and families. New funds are being requested in 1997 to continue the expansion of this successful program in conjunction with the AIDS prevention program. There is a strong association between youth living in poverty and living on the street. Over 45 million Brazilians live below the poverty line. Of these, 30 million are children under the age of 18. Since October 1994, USAID has been implementing an AtЉRisk Youth project to support organizations assisting youth in the three largest cities in northeast Brazil: Recife, Salvador and Fortaleza which have a combined population of about 9,000,000. UNICEF estimates that 1,355,000 children are at risk of illiteracy, disease, delinquency, drug abuse, prostitution, and human rights violations in these three Northeastern capitals. The project has the following four components: (1) protection of children's rights and improvement of juvenile justice; (2) preventive youth development projects in lowЉincome urban areas; (3) support for young women atЉrisk of sexual abuse or exploitation; and (4) support for atЉrisk families. The project addresses the issues of human rights and justice. Street children, particularly girls, are often victims of violence and abuse perpetrated by other citizens and by police. The project assists organizations to define and publicize children's rights, to offer recourse when those rights are violated, and to address population and health issues. The IDB, UNICEF, the International Labor Organization, and the European Union are among USAID's partners in ongoing projects. In its first 15 months of operation, the project has provided direct and indirect services to over 3,000 children and youth. The number of beneficiaries is expected to reach 10,000 by 1997. Other donor and GOBЉfunded activities will reach an additional 48,300 youth in the three target areas. This project has assumed increasing political importance in the Brazil scenario, as atЉrisk youth is increasingly recognized as one of the country's major social problems. Administration of Justice: USAID will focus on the role of the prosecutor and police in criminal investigations. As a collaborative effort between the Department of Justice and the National Center for State Courts, training will involve criminal investigative techniques and forensics, case management, and the interaction between police, prosecutors, and judges. As the government moves to modernize and open Brazil's economy and political system, one of the most important areas for reform and of U.S. strategic interest is the justice sector. Money laundering, narcotics processing and distribution, precursors, and narcoticsЉrelated urban violence are all growing concerns. At the same time, Brazil is a major U.S. trading partner, with approximately $20 billion of bilateral trade in 1995. The legal rules for the private sector are unclear, corruption is a major concern of the government, legal remedies are ineffectual for the average citizen, and human rights violations are a major problem. The government has clearly indicated its commitment to judicial reform and wants the United States as a partner to develop more effective, efficient, and coordinated investigative procedures and to improve coordination between the police, prosecutors, and judges in carrying out investigations. The assessment will focus on issues of organized crime, narcotics, and whiteЉcollar crime. Brazil's new constitution established an independent judiciary, and this technical team also will also explore criminal code and criminal procedural code revisions which continue the reform process, modernize judicial administration, improve investigation and prosecution of narcoticsЉrelated crimes, provide measures to decongest the courts, and improve investigative systems. Energy: Activities under this special objective will be concluded in 1997. Efforts will continue to foster and deepen the regulatory reform efforts of the government. Support will be provided to the energy efficiency efforts of the utilities and renewable energy activities in the northeast will be expanded. Major sectors of Brazil's $500 billion economy are soon to be privatized and are of great investment interest to U.S. firms. The energy sector in Brazil is undergoing a dramatic transformation resulting from Brazil's these massive privatization efforts. The estimated energy needs to sustain the impressive economic growth are immense and generation capacity is below requirements, with brownЉouts already occurring in major industrial areas of SРMРo Paulo. At the same time, public sector investment is not only failing to meet current and projected demand levels, but estimates are that investments on the order of $10 to $15 billion will be required by the year 2000 to meet rising demand. USAID assistance is being provided to influence the system changes to help address these energy needs in a sustainable manner in order to assure that traditional, unsustainable methods, which generate considerable amounts of green house gases are not used. Since August 1995, USAID has been implementing the Brazil Energy Program (BEP) as part of its global climate change portfolio of activities. The BEP focuses on promoting energy efficiency, promoting the use of renewable energy sources (wind, solar, biomass), and influencing the ongoing energy sector reforms that will increase private sector participation and increase effieciency in the electricity subЉsector. All these activities contribute to the mitigation of global climate change by eliminating or reducing green house gas emissions from fossil and other fuels. The BEP is part of the U.S. response to the presidential agreements of the December 1994 Summit of the Americas. Additionally, the BEP helps identify and open business opportunities for the U.S. energy industry in the multiЉbillion energy market in Brazil. СрЪь(СУ УBRAZILФ Фƒ Ср_ь СУ УFY 1997 PROGRAM SUMMARYФ Фƒ б#Txа№P7ћP#б а XААX ав | Аddx€Тu‚(ЋФ ###### Аddx€Тu‚(ЋФ ######| вм*иŽ иŽ *ммммм Encouraging Economic GrowthммStablizing Population Growth and Protecting Human HealthммProtecting the EnvironmentммBuilding DemocracyммProviding Humanitarian Assistanceмм Totalм*.Ž .Ž *мммUSAID Strategic Objectivesммммммммммммм*vŽ vŽ *ммм1. Increase access to contraceptive methods and integrated family planning services to improve women's reproductive health Dev. Assistanceмм мм $4,600,000мммм мммм $4,600,000м*DŽ DŽ *ммм2. Reduce rates of sexually transmitted HIV infection in target population in two geographic regions. Dev. Assistanceмммм $2,665,000мммммммм $2,665,000м*аŽ аŽ *ммм3. Environmentally and socioЉeconomically sustainable alternatives for sound land use adopted beyond target areas. Dev. Assistanceмммммм $5,000,000мммммм $5,000,000м*.Ž@ @ @ @ @ @ P.Ž@ @ @ @ @ @ P*мммSpecial Objectivesм Ёмммммммммммм*КŽ КŽ *ммм1. AtЉrisk Youth Dev. Assistanceм Ём мммммммммм м*ИŽ ИŽ *ммм2. Administration of Justice Dev. Assistanceм Ёммммммм $250,000мммм $250,000м*,Ž ,Ž *ммм3. Renewable energy and energy efficiency Dev. Assistanceм Ёмммммммммммм*ъŽ      ъŽ      *мммTotal Dev. Assistanceм Ём мм $7,265,000мм 5,000,000мм $250,000мммм $12,515,000мм ааMission Director: Edward L. Kadunc а АXАА аааб#єixа№P7ћєP#бСрmь#СУ УACTIVITY DATA SHEETФ Фƒ У УPROGRAM:Ф Ф BRAZIL У УTITLE AND NUMBER: Ф Ф Increase access to contraceptive methods and integrated family planning services in order to improve women's reproductive health, 512ЉSO01 У УSTATUSФ Ф: Continuing У УPROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCEФ Ф: FY 1997: $4,600,000 DA У УINITIAL OBLIGATIONФ Ф: FY 1995; У УESTIMATED COMPLETION DATEФ Ф: FY 2000 УУPurposeФФ: To improve quality of family planning services, increase access to reproductive health, and improve sustainability of family planning delivery systems. УУBackgroundФФ: Brazil has a population of 150 million persons, the largest in Latin America. Maternal mortality is excessively high for Latin America, at 200 deaths per 100,000 births. Family planning use, while estimated at over 70% for the country as a whole, shows regional disparities and is heavily concentrated on female sterilization and oral contraceptives. In the Northeast, a heavily populated and extremely poor region of 40 million people, where USAID assistance is targeted, health services for women and children are disorganized, underfunded, and of very poor quality. Health care in Brazil is characterized by a weak service delivery system that neglects preventive care and concentrates resources on expensive curative care for select populations. USAID is assisting the development and implementation of service delivery systems, public and private, for lowЉincome people, that emphasize preventive services, especially in maternal and child health. Improving the provision of family planning services is a priority. УУUSAID Role and Achievements to DateФФ: USAID assistance is channelled through U.S. nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) which work in conjunction with the state health departments in the Northeast states of CearРР and Bahia. With USAID assistance, health care workers have been trained, commodities have been purchased, and quality services provided to improve the reproductive health offered to lowЉincome women. In the three years that USAID has been supporting public sector health care in the Northeast, the contraceptive method mix has become more diversified, including an increase in condom use. A demographic and health survey to be completed in FY 1996, will provide the data to evaluate the impact to date of the USAID Brazil program and other contributing donor agencies such as the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA). USAID's assistance, which up to 1992 was channeled primarily through Brazilian NGOs, has helped to generate an increased demand for reproductive health services within the country. УУDescriptionФФ: The total amount of funding requested for population and health is planned for population activities. The focus of USAID's family planning assistance is improving the quality of women's reproductive health services, and ensuring that a balanced, highЉquality, and sustainable program exists in target areas by the end of this final assistance period, 1993Љ2000. The USAID strategy, carefully developed with U.S.Љbased PVOs and local NGOs, concentrates on expanding the limited range of family planning methods, increasing information available in Brazil about reproductive health care, and integrating family planning with viable service delivery systems in the public and private sectors. Family planning assistance has been concentrated increasingly in two target states in Northeast Brazil, Bahia and CearРР, which have a combined population of over 20 million persons. In both states, longЉrange strategic plans have been developed by the states' health services and detailed implementation plans are produced and updated for each year of operation. A further goal of the program is to develop and institutionalize the program at the state level, and efforts to mobilize highЉ level political support for family planning and reproductive health are proving successful. In other Northeast states, USAID continued to provide minor support through the Brazilian International Planned Parenthood Federation affiliate (BEMFAM). In these states, BEMFAM focused on improving the quality of family planning services by providing a wider range of method choice. BEMFAM also continued to implement the elements of its sustainability plan, in particular the commercial marketing venture. УУHost Country and Other DonorsФФ: USAID and UNFPA have collaborated closely on assistance to the state of CearРР. USAID, UNFPA, and UNICEF are funding the demographic and health survey. The Japanese International Cooperation Agency will assist the Health Secretariat in CearРР in the area of maternal and child health. The German government will assist the Health Secretariats in Northeast with infrastructure expansion. Also in the planning stage is a joint project between the World Bank, the InterЉAmerican Development Bank, and the Government of Brazil to develop a 10Љyear health sector rehabilitation and reform project estimated to cost about $1.2 billion. The Canadian International Development Agency anticipates increased resources for public health activities in Brazil. УУ BeneficiariesФФ: USAIDЉsupported activities are targeted to lowЉincome women in the areas of Bahia and CearРР, which have an estimated population of 20 million persons. УУPrincipal Contractors, Grantees, or AgenciesФФ: USAID implements its activities through U.S. private voluntary organizations and U.S. firms which have been awarded contracts and grants from the Global Bureau's Population Office. This includes Pathfinder Fund, International Planned Parenthood Federation, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, Futures Group, Population Council, Johns Hopkins University, and Georgetown University, among others. УУMajor Results IndicatorsФФ: ССС` ` ССИ И ССССhh#ССРР(СС-ССpp2СУУBaselineФФС  <ССxxAСУУTargetФФ Unwanted fertility rate СИ И ССССhh#ССРР(СС-С1992 Љ 1.6СШШ7СС  <С1997 Љ 1.0 Contraceptive Prevalence rateСССhh#ССРР(СС-ССpp2С1991 Љ 37%С  <ССxxAС1997 Љ 50% Access and availability of family planning servicesСРР(СС-С1992 Љ 20%СШШ7СС  <С1997 Љ 70% Couple years of protection provided by the public sector in BahiaС` ` ССИ И ССССhh#ССРР(СС-ССpp2С1993 Љ 18,188С  <С1997 Љ 150,000 ааУ У ACTIVITY DATA SHEETФ Ф аа У УPROGRAM:Ф Ф BRAZIL У УTITLE AND NUMBER: Ф ФReduced Rates of HIV in Two Geographic Regions, 512ЉSO02 У УSTATUSФ Ф: Continuing У УPROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCEФ Ф: FY 1997: $2,665,000 DA У УINITIAL OBLIGATIONФ Ф: FY 1995; У УESTIMATED COMPLETION DATEФ Ф: FY 1997 УУPurposeФФ: Reduced rates of sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in target populations in two geographic regions of Brazil. УУBackgroundФФ: Brazil ranks second among countries reporting acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases (76,396 reported AIDS cases as of November 1995). It is estimated that over 500,000 Brazilians are currently infected with HIV. The majority of new AIDS cases result from heterosexual transmission of HIV. Today the male/female ratio is 4:1; in SРMРo Paulo state, AIDS is now reported as the number one cause of death for women between the ages of 20 and 34. USAIDЉsupported projects are being implemented in regions where 69% of the cases nationally occur. УУUSAID Role and Achievements to DateФФ: The major interventions of USAID's sixЉyear (1992Љ1997) strategy for AIDS prevention are: ЉТТSTD prevention and control, by strengthening local capacity to provide treatment and prevention services. In 1995, over 464 health providers were trained and 34,880 STD patients were assisted by USAID interventions. ЉТТBehavior change communication, including the use of media and the development and distribution of information, education and communication (IEC) materials regarding STDs and HIV/AIDS. The behavior change communication strategy reached 74,873 individuals through a multifaceted and integrated approach. Free condoms (1,533,854) and IEC materials (1,171,533) were distributed. ЉТТCondom distribution, in collaboration with state local governments and through social marketing, to increase the availability and reduce the price of condoms, and to encourage regular and correct condom use. During 1995, a total of 18,195,175 condoms were sold through the social marketing program, representing a 61% increase in sales over 1994. Overall, the AIDSCAP Brazil office developed 13 subprojects with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and local governments to carry out HIV/AIDS prevention and intervention activities. УУDescriptionФФ: The total amount of funding requested for population and health is planned for population activities. USAID's STD/AIDS prevention activities in Brazil focus on groups with highЉrisk behavior in the states of SРMРo Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. In addition, lowЉincome adolescents are being reached through two intervention projects and women through a small grants component. The program supports the three major program areas of STDs, behavior change communication, and condom distribution among the target populations, as well as supporting interventions such as logistics management to improve condom and STD drug supply, private sector leveraging, and behavioral research grants. УУHost Country and Other DonorsФФ: The fiveЉyear (1994Љ1998), $250 million, World Bank loan to the Ministry of Health is currently the major national AIDS and STD control project being implemented. УУBeneficiariesФФ: STD/AIDS highЉrisk population including lowЉincome adolescents. Since AIDS control and prevention project implementation began in FY 1994, 114,629 people have been reached by intervention and education activities. УУPrincipal Contractors, Grantees, or AgenciesФФ: USAID implements activities through the U.S. private voluntary organization, Family Health International, and local NGOs. УУMajor Results IndicatorsФФ: ССС` ` С СИ И СУУСССhh#СBaselineФФ (1992Љ1994)Сpp2ССШШ7СС  <СУУСxxAСTarget (1997)ФФ ССС` ` ССИ И СССHighЉriskСРР(СС-С LowЉrisk ССС` ` ССИ И СMalesСС Сhh#СFemalesС-СMalesСpp2СFemalesС  <ССxxAСH.R. L.R. Condom useС` ` ССИ И С88%СССhh#С83%СРР(СС-С9%Сpp2С19Љ35%СШШ7СС  <С100% 80% Knowledge of twoСИ И С55Љ81%СС29Љ79%Сhh#С33%СРР(С33%С-ССpp2ССШШ7С100%С  <С 80% methods of prevention Срmь#СУ УACTIVITY DATA SHEETФ Фƒ У УPROGRAM:Ф Ф BRAZIL У УTITLE AND NUMBER:Ф Ф Environmentally and socioЉeconomically sustainable alternatives for sound land use adopted beyond target areas, 512ЉSO03 У УSTATUSФ Ф: Continuing У УPROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCEФ Ф: FY 1997: $5,000,000 DA У УINITIAL OBLIGATIONФ Ф: FY 1995; У УESTIMATED COMPLETION DATEФ Ф: FY 1999 УУPurpose:ФФ To reduce deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon and the Atlantic forest through environmentally and socioЉeconomically sustainable alternatives for sound land use in these regions. УУBackgroundФФ: Brazil is considered a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions because of deforestation and burning that take place extensively in the Amazon as well as the savanna zone. By disseminating sustainable development alternatives throughout the Amazon region and reducing the frequency of burning in the savannas, COУУ2ФФ emissions are reduced and biodiversity is conserved, while encouraging stable economic growth through a participative, democratic, localЉlevel approach. In the Atlantic Forest region of Brazil and to a lesser extent in the Amazon, severe forest fragmentation threatens the viability of tropical forest biodiversity. USAID has taken the lead in Brazil in attacking these problems through innovative partnerships between U.S. environmental private voluntary organizations (PVOs) and Brazilian nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). УУUSAID Role and Achievements to DateФФ: USAID, through support to local NGO efforts and training of key individuals, has made a major difference in the course of development in the Amazon in the first five years of the program. Grantee Woods Hole Research Center and its local NGO affiliate were responsible for the first series of public hearings on a major new mining project in the Amazon and succeeded in having mine installation permits tied to environmental safeguards. The first full demonstration of lowЉimpact timber harvest in the Amazon was sponsored by USAID and has already served as a model for adoption by private timber association members and was key to the design of a new $18.1 million World Bank activity in forest resource management through the Group of Seven pilot program to conserve the Brazilian rain forest. The first and only training to date for staff of state environmental protection agencies in environmental impact assessment was delivered by individuals trained through a USAID initiative. Also, JaРCР National Park, the largest in Brazil (the size of the state of Massachusetts), became the first Brazilian Park for which a coЉmanagement agreement was accepted between a Brazilian NGO (supported by USAID through World Wildlife Foundation and Brazil's Environmental Resource Institute (IBAMA). УУDescriptionФФ: USAID's global climate change program is entering its sixth year with activities continuing to focus on reducing deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, although new activities were added this year in biodiversity conservation in the Atlantic Coastal Forest of Southern Bahia. The environmental program is implemented by a number of U.S. agencies and NGOs through agreements with inЉcountry partners. The program focuses on: (1) protected area management in two major national parks, two extractive reserves, one national forest, and the buffer zone surrounding one biological reserve, (2) forest management alternatives for lowЉimpact harvest of upland timber in the largest timber harvesting region in the Eastern Amazon, (3) agroforestry alternatives for restoring productivity to degraded cleared areas, developed in a participatory approach with small holders, and (4) natural resource policy and environmental education, with federal, state, and local officials and land managers. УУHost Country and Other Donors:ФФ USAID has actively participated in the GЉ7 pilot program to conserve the Brazilian rain forest, managed by the World Bank. All of the pilot program components designed in the past year have had critical input from global climate change program participants, and one of these, the Forest Resource Management project, was completely redesigned around the participatory approach recommended by USAID. УУBeneficiaries:ФФ Rural communities and especially small holders who frequently have only traditional rights to their land are the focus of USAID activities. USAIDЉsupported actions benefit Brazilian society at large by assuring that the resource base is maintained for future generations. УУPrincipal Contractors, Grantees, or AgenciesФФ: USAID implements activities through U.S. PVOs (World Wildlife Fund, The Nature Conservancy, Conservation International, and the Woods Hole Research Center), U.S. government agencies (the Forest Service and the Smithsonian Institution), and several U.S. academic institutions (University of Florida, and State University of New York). УУMajor Results Indicators:ФФ ССС` ` ССИ И ССССhh#ССРР(СС-СУУBaseline СШШ7СTargetФФ Families adopting agroforestry systemsСhh#ССРР(С0 (1991)Сpp2С134 (1996)С  <С Hectares in improved management systemsСРР(СС-С0 (1991)СШШ7С3,722,000 (1996) Logging companies adopting sustainable logging planС-С0 (1991)СШШ7С1 (1996) Trained environmental professionalsСhh#ССРР(СС-С0 (1991)СШШ7С963 (1966)