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Benin's peaceful  xtransition to a civilianled multiparty system of democracy is a model for other African nations.  xDemocratic reforms are proceeding and the role of society in the decision making process is an important one.  }K( - The Development Challenge.  x/Following its independence in August 1960, Benin went through a decade of political upheavals that  d(#/nearly always resulted in a military coup. In October 1972, the civilian government was overthrown  xand replaced with a MarxistLeninist regime which mismanaged the economy until its collapse 17 years  xlater. In February 1990, the political landscape in Benin changed radically when a national conference  xwas held that led to an interim civilianled government dedicated to a multiparty system of democracy.  xMBy March 1991, Benin had held free, fair and transparent legislative and presidential elections. Benin  xis now one of the few countries in Africa carrying out comprehensive political and economic reforms  d(#that have resulted in deepseated changes. The legislative and judicial branches of government have  xkreal power and effectively serve as checks on the executive branch. In 1995, the economy grew at  x.over 6% while inflation was reduced to 3.2%. The cumulative effect, however, of almost two decades  xof state control of the economy and economic mismanagement has created imbalances as well as attitudes that plague Benin today.  d(#Fundamental changes in political and economic policies have created a more favorable basis for  xeconomic growth. In 1989, Benin started a structural adjustment program (SAP) under the auspices  }Kp- x>of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) . Major achievements were made under  xthis program, including the reform of the fiscal and tax systems, the restructuring of the banking sector  xand significant changes in the monetary policy. Some progress was also made in restructuring public  d(#kenterprises to the benefit of the private sector. All the inefficient parastatals that crowded out public  xinvestment under the MarxistLeninist regime have been privatized. Decreases in imports coupled with  xMan exceptionally good year in cotton production and export earnings have helped reduce the current  xaccount deficit. In 1994, immediately after the African Financial Community (CFA) devaluation, the  x{inflation rate went up to 55% before dropping to about 13.5% in 1994 and then to about 3% at the end of 1995.  xThe country's third structural adjustment program is expected to begin in 1996 and aims to strengthen  xthe market orientation of the economy, lessen the budget deficit, stimulate the level of domestic  x>savings and investment, and achieve an annual gross national product increase of 5% in real terms.  xIn the education sector, during the MarxistLeninist rule, the education system deteriorated and parents  x{pulled their children out of school. The gross enrollment rate was 49.7% in 1990 but increased to  d(#60.7% in 1994. This was a result of the education sector reform program which was initiated in 1991  x and supported by USAIDfinanced Children and Learning Equity Foundations program. In the health  x.sector, substantial progress has been made in some areas. Oral rehydration therapy is understood and  xpracticed throughout the country. Community participation and financing has started in rural areas.  xNVaccine coverage has increased. Yet infant mortality rates remain high because only half of the  x population has easy access to the general health care services and only onefifth actually uses the  d(#services. Furthermore, progress in child health has not been matched by comparable advances in  x\maternal and reproductive health, including family planning. We believe that unmet demand for family  xplanning information and services is high. The need for increased access to HIV/AIDS prevention and"h)0*0*0*z+" control measures is also high.  }K-  }K- Other Donors.  xIn 1994, USAID and other donors pledged a total of $310 million for development activities. Foreign  xzassistance to the Government of Benin (GOB) was broken down as follows: 49% in capital projects,  x22.1% in budget support, 25.3% in technical assistance and 3.0% in food aid. USAID was third out  d(#of the seven biggest bilateral donors, (1) Germany $38 million, (2) France $29 million, (3) USAID $17  x}million, (4) Japan $14.9 million, (5) Netherlands $7.6 million, (6) Denmark $7.4 million and (7) Switzerland $4.9 million.  }K- FY 1997 Program  d(#The USAID strategy in Benin is designed to consolidate the country's economic and democratic  xtransformation by strengthening the country's human resource base, as specifically mandated by the  xn1990 National Conference, in order to broaden the benefits of economic growth. USAID is  xstrengthening Benin's human resources by improving the quality of and expanding access to basic  xeducation, providing family health services, and by strengthening civil society involvement in the  }K-conduct of public affairs.   xUSAID's strategy to strengthen Benin's human resource base combines three approaches: (1) USAID  x[will help establish a quality and equitable basic education system that prepares the younger generations  xfor a productive role and effective leadership within their society; (2) USAID will help consolidate the  x{democratic process and create an enabling environment for participatory development by building  d(#modern leadership skills inside and outside government and by strengthening the civil society's  xcapacity for advocacy and oversight; the FY 1997 funding will be used to continue leadership training  xand to strengthen the impact of human capacity building, and (3) given that rapid population growth  xadversely affects development objectives, USAID intends to provide family planning assistance to the country.  }Kp- Agency Goal: Encouraging Broadbased Economic Growth  xBenin's economic restructuring only can be sustainable if the majority of Beninese have access to an  xeducation system which enables them to become more literate, selfreliant, creative, confident, and  xmentrepreneurial. These are the essential attributes of a labor force which is competitive in the international economy.  xThe primary focus of USAID's assistance is to improve the quality of and access to primary education. There are five mutually reinforcing targets: X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:1.3% and 4.5%, i.e., between 50,000 and 200,000 people. Although these figures are relatively low,  d(#[compared with the surrounding countries, they mask serious imbalances between lower rural rates and  x1higher urban rates. The number of HIV seropositive cases is expected to double annually. To  x0complement government's efforts in this area, USAID initiated in 1990, a condom social marketing  xprogram, which is the largest AIDS prevention activity in the country. The success of this program  xresulted in 1.6 million and 2.2 million condoms sold, respectively, in 1994 and 1995, compared to"h)0*0*0*z+" 355,000 in 1990.  xzIn 1993 and 1994, USAID financed a series of studies that revealed a need for immediate intervention  xto strengthen both governmental and nongovernmental capacities to increase access to reproductive  xhealth care. Starting in 1996 USAID will initiate an activity to address this constraint. This activity  x\will support the integration and improvement of the quality of Family Planning and HIV/STD prevention  d(#kservices in both the public and private sectors, focussing mainly on (1) increased information on and  xaccess to family planning services and commodities; (2) expanded communitybased distribution of  xnonmedical contraceptives through local NGOs; (3) expanded condom social marketing programs  xthrough communitybased initiatives; (4) strengthening institutional capacities of both the governmental  xagencies and NGOs to provide sustainable family planning and HIV prevention services through  xNimproved training and supervision of service providers; and (5) creating an enabling environment through the effective implementation of a population policy and a family law.  xAdditionally, the government's current effort to promote girls' education, with USAID's assistance, will  xalso have significant and lasting impact on fertility. Studies have shown that there is a high correlation between the years of girls' schooling and contraceptive use.  }K- Special Objective No. 2:Expanding the Availability, Quality, and Use of Sustainable Family _x` `   Planning and HIV Prevention Services  }Kh- Agency Goal: Providing Humanitarian Assistance  }K0-  }K- d(#{C atholic Relief Services (CRS) implements the P.L. 480 Title II food aid program in Benin. Although  xMBenin is not a food deficit country, small pockets of malnutrition tend to persist. Factors responsible  xfor malnutrition in Benin include: (1) deficient child care practices and inadequate diets for some  xmchildren; (2) low income and lack of sufficient capital for incomegenerating activities in many  xhouseholds; (3) inadequate educational opportunities for schoolaged children in rural areas; and, (4)  xlack of a social safety net for vulnerable groups in rural and periurban areas. Food aid will be  d(#distributed at the following venues: (1) maternal and child health centers, as an incentive for pregnant  xwomen and mothers with children aged 02 years to attend nutrition education sessions; (2) nutritional  xrecuperation and education centers for the treatment and recuperation of children suffering from acute  x{malnutrition; (3) other child feeding centers, such as schools for children aged 614 (primary and  xvocational schools); and, (4) general relief or welfare cases, orphanages, leprosy and tubercular hospitals, etc..  }K - V Special Objective No. 3:` Decrease Infant Child and Maternal Mortality through Targeted Health and Nutritional Education and Complementary Activities(#"0*0*0*Z"  }K- >B ACTIVITY DATA SHEET Ã  }K-T ă PROGRAM: BENIN  }K - x[ TITLE AND NUMBER : Ensuring that an Increasing Number of Primary Schoolaged Children Receive,  xon a more Equitable Basis, an Education which Adequately Prepares them for a Productive Role in their Society, 680S001  }Kx- STATUS : Continuing  }K@- PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE : FY 1997: $10,250,563 DFA  }K- INITIAL OBLIGATION : FY 1995; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE : FY 2002  }K- xPurpose: To facilitate the development of a basic education system in Benin that is equitable, efficient, effective and sustainable.  }K - xBackground: In 1990, after 17 years of MarxistLeninist rule, the basic education system in Benin was  }K - xin a period of crisis. Quality had declined, enrollment dropped and teachers were no longer being paid on a regular basis.  }K- xMUSAID Role and Achievements to Date: USAID support includes technical and budgetary assistance  d(#to the Government of Benin as it implements a comprehensive reform of the primary education system.  xkAs a result, enrollment has increased significantly, and progress is being made in the areas of equity  x(regional and gender) as well as the quality of education. For the first time in recent Beninese history,  xMthe Ministry of Education has developed a decentralized approach to several key planning functions, thus strengthening institutional capacity and encouraging broader participation.  }K- xDescription: USAID focuses on five activity areas: establishing and maintaining sufficient financing  xfor primary education; improving the institutional capacity for education planning; upgrading key  xpedagogical systems to provide a quality learning environment; increasing equity of access to a quality  xNprimary education; and promoting widespread public participation. USAID is specifically targeting  xvocational and technical training for primary schoolleavers as a key area for new intervention. Other  d(#target areas are enhancement of preservice teacher training and incentives to increase enrollment of girls.  }K- xHost Country and Other Donors: The French provide technical assistance to the Ministry of Education,  xand the World Bank assists in the areas of teachertraining, girl's enrollment, pedagogical materials and  xschool buildings. The smaller European entities (official and NonGovernmental Organizations) are designed to complement the USAIDsupported reform of the primary education system.  }K- xBeneficiaries: About 1 million children betwen the ages of 68 represent 19% of the national  }Kx- x\population. Approximately 676,000 children were enrolled in either public or private primary schools. The entire country benefits by an expanded educated citizenry..  }K - xPrincipal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: Activities are implemented through private American  xcompanies and U.S. and local nongovernmental organizaztions such as the Mitchell Group and World Education.  }K#-Major Result Indicators:  }K$-m` `  hhCqBaselinepp  ) Target  }K%- Gross Enrollment Ratehh@49.7% (1990)pp   78%(2002)  }KH&- Girls Enrollment Rate (Girls/Boys ratio)@0.58 (1990)pp   1.00(2002)  }K'- Pass rate, primary school leaving exams@40% (1990)pp    80%(2002)  }K'-"'0*0*0*)"  S-6 ACTIVITY DATA SHEET ă PROGRAM: BENIN  }KA- TITLE AND NUMBER : Promote Governance and Reinforce Democracy, 680SP01  }K - STATUS : Continuing  }K- PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE : FY 1997: $895,032 DFA  }K- INITIAL OBLIGATION : FY 1996; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE : FY 2000  }K)- xMPurpose: To strengthen civil society and to improve transparency and accountability so that citizens  xMhave greater opportunity to be involved in the decision making process and Government institutions become more responsive to the needs of their constituencies.  }K -  }KI - xBackground: Although progress has been impressive, democratization in Benin is still in initial stages.  xMIssues of transparency and accountability persist. This impedes not only relationships between the  x_institutions and the government but can also jeopardize trust between the citizens and the Government.  }K1- xUSAID Role and Achievements to Date: USAID's support includes activities which will improve the  x\conduct of elections and provide support to parents associations so they can effectively participate  x>in school management. Through a USAID funded grant in May 1995, the national network of parents  xassociation was created and parents are beginning to reclaim their role of overseeing the primary  xeducation system. Also, USAID has reinforced the institutional capacity of NonGovernmental  d(#Organizations (NGOs) involved in strengthening civil society. In 1991, 12 NGOs were involved in civic  xaffairs. Due to USAID continuous support through AFRICARE the number of NGOs providing services related to civic affairs has grown to 29.  }K9- x>Description: USAID focuses on programs to enhance the growth of nongovernmental organizations  d(#that are democratic in nature in order to empower civil society. Activities are also geared to helping  xgovernment institutions to be more accountable and responsive to the citizens by providing appropriate  x/technical expertise and training, qualified technical and managerial personnel, and policy planners to strengthen development institutions, legislative and judicial (regulatory) support organizations.  }K!-  }K- xHost Country and Other Donors:  The German Konrad Adenauer Foundation is one of the most  d(#involved in democracy and governance in Benin. Its activities cover information, education and communication (IEC) programs on democracy and governance topics.  }KA-  }K - xBeneficiaries: The beneficiaries are Beninese citizens at the grassroots level, indigenous communities  xand other local associations or organizations and government executive, legislative, judicial support institutions.  }K) - xPrincipal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: USAID will implement the activity through private nonprofit organizations, and U.S. and host country NGOs such as World Education and AFRICARE.  }K"-Major Result Indicators:  }KI#-_x` `  hh@BaselineppTarget  }K$-Total number of registered NGOs q273 (prior to 1991)1300 (year 2000)  }K$-Active NGOs in Civic Affairshh@ 12 (prior to 1991) 80 (year 2000)  }K%-Active NGOs elections managementhh @ 0 (prior to 1991) 30 (1999)  }K(-"(0*0*0**"  }K- >ACTIVITY DATA SHEET  }K -PROGRAM : BENIN  }K- TITLE AND NUMBER : Expanded Family Planning and HIV Prevention Services, 680SP02  }K- STATUS : New  }Kx- PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE : FY 1997: $5,522,247 DFA  }K@- INITIAL OBLIGATION : FY 1996; ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE : FY 2002  }K- x"Purpose: To Expand the Availability, Quality, and Use of Sustainable Family Planning and HIV Prevention Services  }K( - xBackground: Due to no studies being completed or specific activities undertaken, the exact dimensions  xof demographic pressure in Benin have not been fully determined. However, it is clear that continued  d(#!rapid population growth will adversely affect the country's development objectives. In 1993 and  x1994, USAID assisted the Government of Benin with a series of studies which indicated a need for  ximmediate intervention to strengthen the Government's capacities in maternal and child health, to  x/integrate family planning services into the ongoing public sector programs, and to develop initiatives  x>in the NonGovernment Organizations (NGOs) sector in order to increase access to adequate family planning and mother and child health care services.  xThe U.S. Bureau of the Census reported the overall HIV/AIDS prevalence rate to be between 1.3% and  x"4.5% of the population, i.e., between 50,000 and 200,000 people. Although these figures are  xrelatively low, they mask serious imbalances between urban and rural areas while the number of HIV seropositive cases is expected to double annually.  }K- x/USAID Role and Achievement to Date: USAID has supported HIV/AIDS prevention activities through  xcondom social marketing. As a result, condom sales rose from 355,000 in 1990 to 2,200,000 in  x1995. USAID also financed a series of studies to assess family planning needs and a demographic  x.health survey, the first ever in Benin, which will be completed by the end of 1996. Several workshops  x]were also held to sensitize decision makers. A GOB population policy was drafted in 1995 and is  d(#awaiting adoption. The Ministry of Health (MOH) has become more open to the views of and  x/contributions from the nongovernmental sector. USAID also financed U.S. and thirdcountry training  xfor family planning service providers and Beninese participation in international workshops and conferences.  }K- d(#NDescription: USAID will expand and improve the quality of family planning services and HIV/AIDS  xkcontrol and will strengthen their integration into the primary health care system, in both the public and  xthe private sectors. Major project components will include institutional strengthening to ensure  x\sustainability, training and supervision, technical assistance, access to commodities and information, education and communication.  d(#A family planning component will focus on access to quality family planning services and expanded  xcommunitybased distribution of nonmedical contraceptives. An HIV/AIDS component will strengthen  x>and expand ongoing condom social marketing programs and communitybased interventions through  x/local NGOs, and will promote behavioral changes through information, education and communication  xcampaigns among targeted populations. The institutional strengthening component will help strengthen  xthe GOB's capacity to implement appropriate policies and mobilize budget resources to improve family health. "h)0*0*0*z+"Ԍ  xlTo ensure efficiency and sustainability, the project also will draw on the capacities that are being  x!developed among local NGOs and PVOs under the Benin Indigenous NGO Strengthening Project, implemented by AFRICARE.  }Kx- xlHost Country and Other Donors: The World Bank supports the Ministry of Health in implementing a  x/health care development project which provides the framework for the integration of family planning with the general health care system. The United Nations Population Fund supports family  xplanning service delivery in the public sector. The International Planned Parenthood Federation provides  d(#assistance to the Beninese Planned Parenthood Association, the World Health Organization and the  }K` -French Cooperation support the National AIDS Control Program.  }K - xPrincipal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: USAID will implement the activity through the Ministry of Health, U.S. organizations (Medical Care Development, Inc. and Africare) and local NGOs.  }KH -Major Result Indicators:  }K-_x` `  Baseline@hppTarget 1  }K-Infant mortality 105.5/1000 (1992)hpp TBD  }K-Maternal mortality 800/100,000 est (1992)pp TBD  }Kh-Contraceptive prevalence12.5% (1994)hpp TBD rate  }K- ________________________ l To be determined "(0*0*0**"  }K-y #ixP7ͷP# BENIN  }K-<FY 1997 PROGRAM SUMMARY#x  @8;:X@# Ã  2< h ddx !ddxX Z h    &&   `F#O PE37P#J"      _ Encouragingg Broadbased  Economic  Growth("Wx BBStabilizing @?Population @4Growth and BbProtecting HHuman HHealth ("8 8 8 8 "Protecting the Environment("     Building Democracy("5 5 5 5 "Providing FHumanitarian Assistance 50"             `Fm TOTALS   X &&  USAID Strategic Objectives              0 &&  1. Ensuring that an Increasing Number of Schoolaged Children Receive, on a more Equitable Basis, an Education which Adequately Prepares them for a Productive Role in their Society Dev. Fund for Africa #*, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *,  10,198,289 *,#t t t t t t t t t t#T         152,274#l l l l l l l l l l#R, R, R,#V" V" V" V" V" V" V" V" V" z10,250,563    &&  2. Promoting Governance and Reinforcing Democracy Dev. Fund for Africa #*, *, *, *, *,t#t t t t tt#    t#l l 895,032t#R, R, R, R, R,t#V" V"  895,032 V"   & &  3. Expanding the Availability, Quality, and Use of Sustainable Family Planning and HIV Prevention Services Dev. Fund for Africa  #*, *, *, *, *, *, #t t t t t M5,522,247 #      #l l l l l l #R, R, R, R, R, R, #V" V" V" V" V" }) 5,522,247  t & &  4. Decreasing Infant Child and Maternal Mortality through Targeted Health and Nutritional Education and Complementary Activities PL 480 Title II > #*,> #t> #> #l> #R, R, R, R, R, R, -1,953,000> #V" V" V" V" V" V" ) 1,953,000    &&   `F  Totals Dev. Fund for Africa PL 480 Title II"#*,  10,198,289 ( ( #H#t M5,522,247 r r r 4$# 152,274   4$#l 895,032 @ @ 4$#R, R, + 1,953,0004$#V" z16,667,842 ) 1,953,000  >  }K4$-#hxP7ͷP#  p ] USAID Mission Director: Thomas E. Park(#\