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Much   Zof the predominately rural society has been disrupted, with ethnic fears, suspicions and hatreds deepened   by acts of civil war. In the early months of 1996, in conditions of a weakened economy and a population   tired of conflict, the frequency and level of violence may be moderating. However, little political   reconciliation and no real consensusbuilding have occurred among the interethnic political protagonists orchestrating the current crisis.  ~J-  USAID Role and Achievements to Date: In the field of democracy and governance (DG), USAID, through   ythe National Democratic Institute, assisted Burundi, as did other donors, during 199193 to mount the first   democratic elections and to strengthen democraticallyoriented institutions of governance. With the onset   of political crisis and civil violence in late 1993, these positive results have largely been lost. USAID   redirected program efforts in 1993 to mitigate the potential destructiveness of the crisis. DG activities   were regeared toward bringing opposing sides together, promoting nonviolent solutions to resolve political   conflict, developing popular understanding of basic democratic principles and evolving indigenous   -institutions of governance capable of governing fairly and equitably and ending the current state of criminal impunity.   -USAID funded a democracy primer for primary and secondary schools, and launched an independent radio   .production studio for reconciliation. USAID also supported the United Nations Special Representative of   the Secretary General (UNSRSG) to mount a major international seminar of political principals from which   [sprung the agreement to negotiate an interim Convention of Government, financed through the UNSRSG   a national multimedia campaign for peace, and mobilized a movement for reconciliation and redevelopment   among women leaders and local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). USAID also provided, through   [the UNSRSG, support to the work of the International Commission of Inquiry to bring putsch leaders from   1993 to justice; and support for the Cairo Summit which gathered key political leaders of the Great Lakes   Region to negotiate strategies for resolving intraregional civic violence and problems such as refugee   populations destabilizing the region. Currently, USAID implements two activities under this strategic   yobjective, one for DG activities and the other a human resources development activity which focuses on   training in DG fields, but also serves as a crosscutting resource supportive of other elements of the USAID/ Burundi program.  ~J%-  {Description: USAID concentrates its DG efforts in five fields: (1) promoting conflict resolution and   reconciliation of Burundian society and political leadership, in particular the activities of the Commission   of Inquiry and regional Africanled peace initiatives; (2) rebuilding popularly sustainable institutions of fair   governance; (3) creating responsible and open print and broadcast media; (4) broadening school curricula   <and teaching to include lessons in respect for human and property rights, DG principles and institutions and"(0*0*0** "   Zcivic responsibility; and (5) developing a civic infrastructure and leadership potential for social responsibility through local NGOs, social and church organizations with emphasis on womens and youth activities.  ~JX-  Host Country and Other Donors: Most other donors have contributed to the democratic governance effort   through the United Nations system, especially through UNSRSG and the United Nations Children's Fund   (UNICEF); the European Commission has funded an independent peace radio initiative; there is broad   /bilateral support for a womens peace movement involving those who are largely victims rather than   jparticipants in the civil war but also key to restoring the social and economic viability of the rural society.   Withholding of traditional development assistance budgets and withdrawal of technical personnel by most donors including the Bretton Woods institutions has heightened pressure for progress on DG matters.  ~J-  ZBeneficiaries: Target groups for DG activities include government and elected officials and political leaders,   \military, radio and print journalists, leaders and members of womens and youth groups, local NGOs   zevolving civic roles in social and economic rehabilitation, teachers and school children, and the radiolistening public.  ~J -  Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: U.S. private voluntary organizations including Search for   zCommon Ground, National Democratic Institute, AFRICARE; international nongovernmental institutions   such as International Alert; multilateral partners such as the UNSRSG and United Nations Children's Fund; and local NGOs.  ~Jh-Major Results Indicators:  ~J0-` `  BaselineVTarget  ~J-Independent, open media with NonexistentV80 broadcast journalists/editors trained. (1997)  ~J-professional standards of (1996)hh,V4 independent FM radio licenses approved  ~J-objectivity, impartiality, and hh,Vand frequencies assigned. (1997)  ~JP-balanced treatment of subjects. hh,V100% increase in balanced radio programming ` `  hh,Vand coverage, and absence of "hate radio." (1997)  ~J-Civil society reassembled.Largelyhh,V50 communities and NGOs involved in national  ~J-Local communities and absenthh,Vdialogue on powersharing. 60 new local NGOs  ~Jp-indigenous organizations (1996)hh,Vsupported in management, program development. (#(# ~J8-functional in civic, social andhh,V(1997)  ~J-development activities. hh,VMultiethnic women's peace and reconciliation ` `  hh,Vmovement with productive activities in 1416 ` `  hh,Vprovinces. (1997)  ~JX-Local participation and groupLargelyhh,V50% increase in local mixed ethnic NGOs, involved in  ~J -organizing by private membersabsenthh,Vreconciliation, economic reconstruction and in mixed  ~J-of society to improve social(1996)hh,Vcollaboration among NGOs, joint actions and resource  ~J-and economic conditions. hh,Vutilization (1997)   ` `  hh,V20 magistrates, judges and lawyers in longterm training  ~J@-` `  hh, Vfor greater ethnic balance and competence. (1997)  ~J -Human rights violations ViolationsVJoint initiatives between ITEKA and SONERA,  ~J -diminished. Establishment continueVseparate and opposing monoethnic human rights  ~J!-of professional justice   (1996)hh,Vassociations. (1997)  ~J`"-system, civilian protection hh,VConstructive results realized by judicial reform process  ~J(#-forces, separate from the hh,Vinitiated by Commission of Inquiry to address impunity.  ~J#-army with nonmilitary hh,V(1997)  ~J$-objectives. Humane  hh,VOptions for pursuing higher education by those  ~J%-conditions in prisons. hh,Vexcluded from national institutions of higher learning. ` `  hh,V(1997)