Agency Goal: Encouraging Broad-base Economic Growth

Democratic gains cannot be sustained without demonstrable improvement in the economy and access to opportunities for Haiti's poor. USAID's objective is to assist policy reform, to expand credit availability, and to support the privatization of inefficient parastatals which will lead to enhanced employment opportunities and incomes. The loss of 50-70,000 jobs in the formal sector alone since 1991 provides perspective on the challenges the government faces in revitalizing the economy.

Notwithstanding this challenge, USAID's programs are helping to set the stage for improved economic growth. For example, efforts to increase commercial bank lending in productive activities in the agricultural sector through guarantees have already resulted in thousands of new jobs for unemployed Haitian agricultural workers. Other accomplishments to encourage economic growth include:

- A transitional program to ease rural mass unemployment, which employed as many as 50,000 workers per day. Significant repairs were accomplished on irrigation systems and rural roads. This program was subsequently funded by the World Bank.

- Assistance to the Presidential Commission on Modernization in developing policy recommendations for the executive and legislative branches dealing with commercial codes, tourism, and banking practices. This has allowed USAID to help shape the policy dialogue with the current administration.

- Diagnostic analyses that will lead to the privatization of nine government-owned parastatals. Although this process has been delayed, bids have been received on two parastatals and the new GOH President has publicly stated that privatization is necessary and will proceed.

Yet changes in policy and increased flows of credit are just the first steps in revitalizing economic growth in Haiti. Other activities underway include assistance to financial institutions providing credit to microentrepreneurs and assistance to artisans in the handicrafts sector to recapture former, and to develop new, markets for non-traditional exports.

The GOH can now look to longer-term consolidation and revitalization of the private sector. In the words of President Preval, ". . . the responsibility of the Government of Haiti is to assure a peaceful and stable environment for business to thrive. The private sector should be seen as the source of employment, not the government."

Agency Goal: Protecting the Environment

The extreme degradation of Haiti's environment is driven by three factors: poverty, population pressure, and weak governance. Environmental degradation undermines political and social stability, food security and sustainable economic growth. Deforestation in the past decade reached estimated levels of 30 million trees per year, 80% of the national watersheds are severely degraded, and the equivalent of 15,000 acres of arable land are eroded annually.

USAID has supported environmentally sound agricultural practices for the past 15 years through programs designedto improve resource management and to increase household incomes. A total of 80 million trees were planted during the 1980s by 250,000 farm families.

The USAID environmental and agricultural portfolio reaches 750,000 people with sustainable technologies, improved seed stock, and better organizational skills. USAID will build on these successes with the Agriculturally Sustainable System and Environmental Transformation 2000 (ASSET) project. The ASSET project seeks:

- to establish a framework for environmentally sound development through support of the national environmental action plan and institution building in the Ministries of Agriculture and Environment;

- to increase the use of sustainable hillside agricultural production practices ;

- to empower local communities in natural resources management and develop a community forestry corps; and

- to improve management of liquid and solid wastes to improve environmental quality.

USAID, through the ASSET project, will work through 650 farmer groups to reach 150,000 farmers with over 20% participation by women. Nearly two million people will receive environmental awareness education or will have participated in soil conservation, watershed management, and agro-forestry programs. Over 10,000 people will have access to improved sanitary waste disposal.

Agency Goal: Stabilizing World Population and Protecting Human Health

It will take many years for the majority of the impoverished Haitian population to significantly improve the quality of their lives. USAID seeks to alleviate the suffering of Haiti's children and other vulnerable groups through direct feeding programs, health service delivery, including child survival, family planning services and primary education programs.

USAID programs in the health and population sector have yielded significant accomplishments. The 1994 demographic and health survey (DHS) revealed a 25% decline in infant mortality from 101 to 74 per 1,000 live births from 1987-1994. Analysis of the data revealed that this downward trend was largely due to an increase in tetanus toxoid vaccination of pregnant women partially financed by USAID's child survival assistance. USAID-supported programs have also contributed to significant reductions in fertility. The survey revealed that national fertility rates have declined from 6.3 children per woman in 1987 to 4.7 in 1994, and contraceptive prevalence has risen from 10% to 18%. During the past year, contraceptive prevalence in targeted program areas ranged between 19% in the urban slum of Cité Soleil to 35% in rural areas such as Pignon, well-above the national average of 18%. This demonstrates that further increases in contraceptive prevalence are possible on a national basis through programs which provide improved family planning information and services as well as basic education and literacy for girls.

In spite of the impressive health and demographic results, the program faced severe budget shortages, specifically with reference to child survival. This resulted in an early termination of certain activities by three months. The new Health Systems 2004 project envisions financing services to 500,000 fewer beneficiaries due to the FY 1996 budget cuts. This will also result in the project being launched in fewer decentralized health districts than planned. Another major challenge will be to adequately respond to the urgent needs for population assistance in the face of legislative restrictions on the monthly obligations of population account funds. In FY 1997, continued funding shortfalls will have a deleterious effect on beneficiary levels and will severely impede progress towards declines in infant mortality and fertility rates.

Agency Goal: Providing Humanitarian Assistance

USAID's humanitarian feeding program will be supported by monetized P.L. 480 Title II resources, which will be usedalong with P.L. 480 Title III and USAID's agricultural activities to address food security problems.

During the past years, NGO partners -- Catholic Relief Services (CRS), CARE and the Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) -- continued to provide food aid to an estimated 1 million people a day through school feeding, clinic based food distributions and general relief rations. This is a decline from the 1.2 million beneficiaries served during the worst times of the economic embargo.

The food aid program has made a difference. Malnutrition rates, while still high, have been held steady nationwide and have improved significantly in the hardest hit areas of the northwest. Severe malnutrition has declined somewhat nationwide. This has been made possible by the delivery of 78,296 MT of food commodities during FY 1995.

Title III has helped enhance food security by financing the importation of $10 million in U.S. wheat flour for sale in local markets. This helped to bring down and stabilize bread prices which had gone beyond the reach of most poor consumers. Local currency generated by the sale of Title III commodities was used to finance a number of devel opment activities with an emphasis on employment generating activities.

The FY 1996 program will see a sizable decrease in tonnage shipped under Title II, to just over 42,000 MT, but the program will also be reoriented to enhance the development impact of food aid programs. The Mission's Enhancing Food Security II program marries Title II, Title III and development assistance resources to address constraints to food security in vulnerable communities. This will result in a shift, over time, from the current emphasis on general relief and school feeding, to a more targeted program which reaches vulnerable groups through Maternal Child Health (MCH) programs based in health clinics and school feeding.

The shift to a developmental focus is dependent upon continued availability of resources in 1997. A significant reduction from the request level would result in an dimunition of the development impact of food activities.

	Encouraging Economic Growth	Stablizing Population Growth and Protecting Human Health	Protecting the Environment	Building Democracy	Providing Humanitarian Assistance	Total
USAID Strategic Objectives
1. Foster More Effective and Responsive Democratic Institutions and Empower Communi ties ESF	$3,010,000			$15,800,000		$18,810,000
2. Facilitate Increased Private Sector Employment and Income ESF	$16,050,000					$16,050,000
3. Promote Healthier, Smaller and Better-Educated Families ESF P.L. 480 Title II P.L. 480 Title III	$6,870,000	$28,610,000			$18,621,000 $10,000,000	$35,480,000 $18,621,000 $10,000,000
4. Improve Agricultur al Productivity and Environmental Man agement ESF	$2,440,000		$7,220,000			$9,660,000
Total ESF P.L. 480 Title II P.L. 480 Title III	$28,370,000	$28,610,000	$7,220,000	$15,800,000	$18,621,000 $10,000,000	$80,000,000 $18,621,000 $10,000,000

USAID Mission Director: Lawrence Crandall

PROGRAM: HAITI
TITLE AND NUMBER: Foster more Effective and Responsive Democratic Institutions and Empowered Communities, 521-SO01
STATUS: Continuing
PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: FY 1997: $18,810,000 ESF
INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1995 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 1999

Purpose: T o support the Government of Haiti's efforts to establish strong, responsive democratic institutions, both through the government's various branches, and at the local, community level.

Background: In October 1994, Haiti began to emerge from nearly 200 years of almost continuous dictatorship, human rights abuses, and disenfranchisement. The Haitian judicial system was ineffective, the army was to be abolished, and the penal system was incapable of meeting even the lowest international health or human rights norms. Parliament was in disarray, emerging from the military regime with only nine members holding electoral mandates, and all of the nation's other elected posts, except for that of President, were also expired. A combination of urgent, transitional interventions and a longer-term strategy were needed to address these fundamental and pressing problems.

USAID Role and Achievements to date: USAID's transitional assistance program has included major contributions toward this strategic objective by helping Haiti complete its local, parliamentary and presidential elections, training the new 5,000-person Haitian National Police and 400 judges and prosecutors, demobilizing the majority of the 7,000- strong Haitian Armed Forces (FAdH), and executing over 1,900 community projects in 106 out of Haiti's 133 communes.

Description: Haiti's democracy objective now must address a variety of critical but longer-term needs, including strengthening parliament and political pluralism, local government, and civil society. The nation's newly elected parliamentarians and mayors, as well as judicial officers, require material and technical support if they are to reverse years of ineffectiveness and manipulation under the control of generals and dictators. Local authorities must learn to respond to community needs if a stable civil society is to emerge in Haiti. Parliament must pass legislation to establish constitutionally-mandated local territorial assemblies (which have the power to choose local judges and form the national electoral commission), to authorize successive national budgets, and approve difficult and controversial reforms such as privatization. The judicial, police and prisons systems must begin to function at a much higher level of efficiency and coordination to ensure basic security and justice throughout the country. Finally, the massive fiscal burden of Haiti's civil service must be reduced to avoid severe macroeconomic dislocation and a demoralized investment climate. USAID's assistance addresses judicial reform, assistance to Parliament, local government and decentralization support, community education and action, and civil service reform. Follow-on police training in specialized areas such as investigative techniques, riot control, etc., also will continue, under management of the Department of Justice's International Criminal Investigative Training and Assistance Program (ICITAP).

Host Country and Other Donors: Donors coordinate closely in this arena through two principal groups. Justice, police and prisons matters are addressed under the leadership of Canada, France and the United States, with particularly close collaboration in judicial and police training. International Organizations and International Financial Institutions are engaged as partners in this strategic objective, in which the U.,I.S. has played a leadership role. In the broader area of governance, the United Nations Development Program serves the coordinating role. USAID leadership is helping to mobilize financial support from the Inter-American Development Bank and the World Bank.

This program engages both the Haitian public and private sectors on numerous levels. In addition to involving direct partnerships with the Haitian National Parliament and Ministries of Justice, Interior, and Prime Ministry, dozens of Haitian nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), citizens' groups and popular movements, as well as thousands of rural and inner-city, low-income people are directly involved, particularly through the various small grants programs.

Beneficiaries: Through a combination of public sector and NGO assistance mechanisms, the various elements of this strategic initiative impact on the majority of the Haitian people who come directly into contact with the variousgovernance institutions addressed above, and are engaging others through such activities as legal aid and community action projects.

Principal Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: U.S. contractors include the associates in Rural Devleopment, Checci & Co., and RONCO. Two U.S. federal government agencies (Department of Justice's ICITAP and the Office of Police Development and Training programs) provide assistance. Numerous local and U.S. NGOs and PVOs inclluding the American Development Foundation, the Parliamentary Human Rights foundation, the American Institute for Free Labor Development, the National Democratic Institute and the international Rebpublican Institute also provide assistance

Major Results Indicators:

Baseline Target

Police force deployed nationwide 1,350 (1995) 7,5006,000 (1997)
Number of clients represented through
civil society advocacy 4,800 (1995) 15,000 (1997)
Civil service structure and
rules established no (1995) yes (1997)
Percent of Haitians who believe that
the justice system is fair 28 (1995) 50 (1998)

Background: Haiti is confronted with numerous hurdles in establishing broad-based, sustainable, economic growth. Achieving this goal will require the development of an enabling environment for increasing overall economic activities and efficiencies. This will include reform of public sector institutions and enhancement of the level of financial services to small, micro and medium-sized businesses to increase incomes and to accelerate job creation. Given the precipitous decline in business activities since 1991 accompanied by the exodus of investment and management expertise, dramatic improvements in the economic climate in Haiti are necessary to restore private sector-led growth and employment. For example, Haiti has the highest level of unemployment in the western hemisphere and the lowest per capita income. Failure to achieve the restoration of sound economic growth can only exacerbate the alarming rate of natural resource depletion and the resulting regional consequences of migration and political instability. Furthermore, increased economic security through permanent job creation is the sine qua non of a thriving democracy.

USAID Role and Achievements to Date: USAID's transitional assistance program has included significant contributions to both reform of economic policies by the Government of Haiti (GOH) as well as assisting micro and small businesses recovering from the shock of the post-coup era. These initiatives have been channeled through several mechanisms: conditionality on bilateral agreements with the GOH, the Program for the Recovery of the Economy in Transition (PRET), and the Policy and Administrative Reform (PAR) project. These efforts support policy reform, privatization, and loans to small, micro and labor-intensive enterprises. For example, USAID efforts to increase commercial bank lending to productive activities in the agricultural sector have already resulted in thousands of new jobs for unemployed Haitian agricultural workers. Changing banking behavior to broaden and deepen lending activities is one key to strengthening the Haitian economy.

Description: The success of USAID-supported economic growth activities has set the stage for a revitalization of the Haitian economy in focused areas. Given the ultimate goal of poverty reduction, rapid revitalization of the Haitian economy is necessary to secure current gains and to provide a stable environment for further growth in income and employment levels. Support to the Presidential Commission has assisted the government in examining and revising key policies and laws constraining private sector growth. Future assistance will continue to address impediments to job creation and income growth in the private sector. The legal and regulatory environment of the private sector must be streamlined to attract new investment. For example, burdensome licensing procedures for new investments encourage capital flight within the region. USAID also must continue to build on its efforts to assist the GOH as it divests itself of inefficient parastatals. Divestiture of these enterprises will not only provide Haiti with hundreds of millions of dollars in new investment, but it is also necessary to improve the infrastructure for business in Haiti, a crucial element for increasing investor confidence. The range of financial services must be broadened and deepened to create labor-intensive economic activities for microenterprises and other businesses. For example, credit is not available for most viable microenterprises; USAID will build on its preeminent experience in this sector through assistance to several non-bank credit institutions. Technical assistance must be directed to the artisanal sector, including the well known handicrafts sector to recapture former, and identify new, export markets. Labor-intensive cropping systems aimed at exploiting comparative climatic advantage to produce products for niche export markets must continue to be supported and expanded.

Building on the successful experiences under PRET, the following activities are planned for FY 1997 to support micro and small businesses and accelerated reform of the enabling business environment, distributed as follows:

-- financing the development of non-bank intermediaries to deliver financial services to small borrowers and savers. PRET will increase the flow of credit through non-bank intermediaries to microenterprises and toagribusiness enterprises.

-- providing demand-driven, non-financial assistance to microenterprises to develop domestic and international markets for Haitian products.

-- improving marketplace organization and infrastructure, PRET will improve two marketplaces and construct two new marketplaces in Port-au-Prince. PRET also will build or improve marketplaces in provincial cities.

-- continuing to provide technical assistance to the GOH in reforming the enabling environment to stimulate economic activity and investment ($3 million).

Host Country and Other Donors: The new government has especially singled out the labor-intensive sub-sectors of agribusiness and agricultural production as priorities. USAID will continue longstanding efforts in this area, using government commitment, supported by other donors, to leverage our own diminishing resources.

Key donors in economic growth include the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the World Bank, which are assisting in the reform of financial and non-financial institutions to improve financial intermediation. USAID has been able to leverage relatively small investments in the financial sector to break ground for larger investments from these institutions. For example, USAID's creation of the Agribusiness Guarantee Fund has already leveraged $4.5 million from the European Investment Bank. USAID's ability to break ground in assistance to the productive agricultural sector, previously perceived to be high-risk, has opened new avenues for sustainable development assistance. USAID assistance to non-bank institutions under PRET has set the stage for further leveraging of other donor's resources. The IDB and the World Bank have indicated their willingness to share responsibility for support to these institutions to deepen and broaden financial services to increase job creation and economic activity.
Beneficiaries: Through the combined impact of the above activities, the direct beneficiaries include the currently unemployed, microenterprises, small businesses, agricultural producers, agricultural input suppliers (US and Haitian), non-bank institutions, small agricultural transformation businesses, and the GOH.

Principal Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: Development Alternatives, Inc., the Haitian Development Foundation, the Intermediate Technology Group of Haiti, the Center for management and Productivity, and the Financial Society for the Development of Haiti are among the contractors and grantees which are implementing this strategic objective.

Major Results indicators:
Baseline Target

Formal private sector jobs (thousands) 50 (1994) 118 (1998)
Loans to small/micro and women-owned enterprises
(number) 240 (1994) 7,500 (1998)
Selected non-traditional and niche market exports
($ millions) 31 (1994) 65 (1998)

Purpose: To promote healthier, smaller, better-educated families.

Background: Realization of the overall goals of social well-being, democracy and economic growth will not be possible if families cannot participate actively in their achievement. Healthier, smaller and better-educated families are better able to participate in civil society, in productive economic activities, and in sound management of the natural resource base. An increase in basic educational attainment is also positively correlated with decreased fertility and healthier families. This strategic objective is designed to ensure equitable access to basic health and education services to Haitian families.

USAID Role and Achievements to Date: USAID's support in the health, population and humanitarian assistance sectors has been concentrated in expanding access for vulnerable groups to high-quality services and emergency food rations. As a result, vaccination coverage rose from 18% to 30% in 1995, contraceptive prevalence in targeted areas rose from 18% (national average) to 30%, and infant mortality declined from 101 per 1,000 to 74 per 1,000. Malnutrition levels in the severely affected northwest also have leveled off, based on health centers' records. While Haiti has the region's most advanced HIV/AIDS epidemic, USAID-supported programs continued in 1995 to expand access to condoms, to educate the population about disease transmission and prevention and to improve the case management of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Major successes include the sale of 5.7 million condoms, representing a 40 percent increase over 1994 sales levels; an increase in the appropriate treatment of STDs by clinicians from 10% in 1991 to 69% in 1995; and more than a million Haitians educated between 1991 and 1995 about how to protect themselves from HIV/AIDS. In the education sector, support has been directed at two levels: educational policy reform and increasing the quality of primary education. Results have been the reduction in the repetition rates in project targeted schools and the completion of a baseline study in primary school enrollment which showed that only 25% of Haitian children completed a six-year primary education cycle. A total of 12 pilot schools participated in a state-of-the-art pilot civil distance education and 6,000 teachers, or approximately 14% of all primary school teachers, were trained in basic skills and pedagogy. Also, one million text books were distributed, resulting in greater standardization in primary school education.

Description: Of the total funding requested for this strategic objective, $8,636,000 is planned for population activities, $19,974,000 is planned for health activities, and the balance is planned for basic education activities. This strategic objective, healthier, smaller and better-educated families, remains essential to the achievement of the Mission's development assistance program. The Mission's efforts seek:

- to expand and enhance primary and reproductive health services as measured by increases in the contraceptive prevalence rate, immunization coverage, use of oral rehydration therapy, sales of condoms, and children receiving vitamin A supplements;

- to enhance household food security, as measured by decreases in malnutrition levels, number of people fed as transitional relief measure, and integration of food distribution with health care services;

- to improve national population, health, food and education policies, by the adoption and implementation of new policies, and the establishment of multisectoral commissions and policy dialogue groups; and

- to increase quality and relevance of primary education, as measured by increases in the numbers of teachers trained in basic skills and pedagogy, in the number of textbooks in public and private schools, schools participating in the pilot civic/distance education project, and schools participating in community level actions with community organizations.

Host Country and Other Donors: Key donors in the social sectors are the Inter-American Development Bank and the World Bank, which have loans in the public health and education sectors to strengthen public health and education programs. United Nations International Children's Fund (UNICEF), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) also contribute to innovative health and education programs. The World Food Program and the European Union contribute substantial food and foreign exchange resources to enhance household food security.

Beneficiaries: USAID programs reach two million women and children under the age of five. The population program reached 750,000 beneficiaries, while the humanitarian assistance reaches one million beneficiaries per day (one- seventh of the population). This program is expected to decrease over the next four to six months as the economy begins to recover. Nearly 1,300,000 children directly benefited from improvements in primary schools.

Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: USAID health program is implemented by a U.S. firm, Management Sciences for Health (MSH), coordinating activities through many local NGOs. The humanitarian assistance program is implemented through U.S. private voluntary organizations (PVOs) (Cooperative for Relief Everywhere (CARE), Adventist Development and Relief Agency and Catholic Relief Services) and a local transportation contractor. The education program is implemented through a cooperative agreement through a local umbrella NGO, Fondation Haitienne de l'Enseignement Privé (FONHEP), representing all private schools, while U.S. for-profit firms (Mitchell Group Inc., Research Triangle Institute), provide technical assistance.

Major Results Indicators
Baseline Target
(1994) (1998)

Infant mortality per 1,000 live births 74 65
Total fertility rates 4.7 3.8
Malnutrition rates, children 0-23 months 22% 12%
Numeracy, literacy rates * *

* Indicators for the new project under design.

Purpose: To improve agricultural productivity and environmental management.

Background: Haiti's extreme environmental problem is driven by three fundamental constraints: poverty, population pressure and weak governance. Massive environmental degradation undermines short- and long-term prospects for achieving greater political and social stability, food security and sustainable economic growth. Widespread deforestation has resulted in soil erosion, which has become one of the major constraints to agricultural production. During the past decade, approximately 30 million trees were lost each year to 180,000 charcoal makers who produce charcoal as a last alternative for income and domestic energy needs. Twenty-five of the 30 major watersheds are severely degraded with less than 3% of the forest remaining mostly in a pine forest in the southeast. Due to soil loss which follows massive deforestation, the equivalent of 15,000 acres of arable land are lost annually. Erosion loads rivers with sediments, undermining infrastructure and destroying coastal habitats which seriously threaten the environmental underpinning of economic growth.

USAID Role and Achievements to Date: Without interruption, USAID over the last 15 years has continued to support environmentally sound agricultural activities. Support is premised on the linkage between resource management and increasing household income for program sustainability. During the 1980s, more than 80 million trees were distributed to, and planted by, 250,000 farm families. These trees and their offspring continue to supplement the incomes of these families while protecting productive hillsides. The environmental and agricultural portfolio reaches about 750,000 rural people with sustainable technologies, improved seed and better organizational skills. USAID will build on these successes as it implements an integrated sustainable agriculture and environmental sustainable program called Agriculturally Sustainable System and Environmental Transformation 2000 (ASSET).

Description: The ASSET program comprises activities that contribute to four major program outcomes: (1) the establishment of a framework for environmentally, sound development through support for the development and implementation of a national environmental action plan (NEAP) and institution building in the Ministries of Agriculture and Environment; (2) support for extension services that increase the use of sustainable hillside agricultural production practices and incomes of farmers through expanded tree crops and food production linked to reliable marketing systems; (3) creation of a community forestry corps and support to local public sector institutions for empowering communities in natural resources management; and (4) interventions in liquid and solid waste management that will improve environmental quality in targeted urban locations.

Host Country and Other Donors: The Prime Minister's Office and other concerned Haitian ministries will coordinate the implementation of the ASSET. The United Nations Development Program, FAO, World Bank, and the Inter- American Development Bank will contribute to the development of the national environmental action plan, capacity building within the government, and efforts in the energy sector. The World Bank supports the environment and rural poverty program which involves the management of national parks, reforestation, and a communal development fund. FAO is providing technical assistance for agricultural sectoral planning and distribution of production inputs (seeds, fertilizer). USAID will continue to serve as co-leader with the UNDP in facilitating meetings of the consultative group on the environment.

Beneficiaries: The direct beneficiaries of USAID-funded interventions include 650 farmer groups representing 150,000 farmers supported by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in resource and environmental management activities (20% participation by women farmers). Over two million people will receive environmental awareness information or will participate in innovative farmer-oriented soil conservation, watershed management and agroforestry programs. Over 10,000 people will have received access to improved sanitary waste disposal facilities.

Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: USAID implements activities through U.S. institutional contractors, CHEMONICS and the Southeast Consortium for International Development, several U.S. PVOs including the Pan American Development Foundation and CARE, the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture, many indigenous NGOs, and the Ministries of Agriculture and Environment.
Major Results Indicators:
Baseline Target

National Environmental Action Plan Draft (1995) Implemented (1998)
Increase in agricultural productivity 1.0 (1995) 1.14 (1998)
Number of trees planted (million) 4.5 (1994) 37.5 (1998)
Land under environmentally-sound cultivation
(1,000 hectares) 60 (1998) 143 (1998)