CAMBODIA

	FY 1998 Actual	FY 1999 Estimate	FY 2000 Request
Development Assistance	$ 250,000	---	---
Child Survival and Disease	$ 250,000	$ 2,000,000	---
Economic Support Funds	$16,009,400	$10,000,000	$20,000,000

Introduction

U. S. national interests in Cambodia include promoting democracy, political pluralism and improved human rights; addressing global problems of infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS and poor maternal and child health; and providing humanitarian assistance to large numbers of Cambodians who suffered the effects of civil war, genocide and foreign occupation.

Development Challenge

Cambodia's development challenge is formidable. Ranked 140th of 174 countries on the United Nations Development Program's Human Development Index, Cambodia's social and economic indicators resemble those of western nations a century ago. Annual per capita GDP is less than $300. Life expectancy at birth is 53 years. Infant, child and maternal mortality rates are the highest in Asia, and Cambodia's HIV/AIDS epidemic is Asia's fastest growing. Years of war and neglect have ravaged the country’s physical infrastructure. The educated group of teachers, managers, doctors, nurses and other skilled professionals, which was almost entirely wiped out by the Khmer Rouge, is just now being rebuilt. The result is a population aged 18-36 which lacks the basic skills necessary for more than subsistence living and a structure which is unable to support economic growth and the establishment of democratic processes -- a situation which contributes to keeping the population in a state of poverty. Added to this has been the failure to achieve a stable political environment, peace and security since the signing of the 1991 Paris Peace Accords.

Subsequent to the formation of a Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) in 1993, USAID's program shifted from emergency relief and rehabilitation to reconstruction and long-term sustainable development. By FY 1997 the program had reached an annual level of $38 million with cooperation in democracy and human rights, rural economic growth, health and population, primary education, war and mine victim assistance, environment and HIV/AIDS prevention. Following the political events of July 1997, two-thirds of U. S. assistance, and all bilateral assistance, was suspended. That suspension remains in effect.

USAID is responding to, and has achieved significant progress toward, meeting the development challenge by building civil society structures in order to promote human rights and which support the delivery of basic humanitarian and social services.

In democracy, NGOs played major roles in restoring democratic momentum, in completion of a national election in July 1998 with 93% voter turnout, in election and human rights monitoring and in providing legal aid through a public defenders program. Management and advocacy training was also provided to build NGO capacity and strengthen civil society.

In maternal and child health, NGOs provided maternal and child health services to more than 120,000 women and children; rural health centers staff in six districts learned skills which resulted in better client care and the percentage of population with access to clean water in one Northeast Cambodia target area increased from 13% to 30%.

In HIV/AIDS prevention, assistance is designed to decrease HIV transmission in high-risk populations. In 1998, 11.7 million condoms were sold, with 30% of the sales in brothels and bars where the target population is best reached. The Khmer HIV/AIDS Alliance (KHANA) is supporting 18 Cambodian community-based organizations to raise AIDS awareness and to provide AIDS prevention and care services.

In microfinance, USAID strives to make formal savings and credit programs available to the rural poor. In 1998, 85,000 clients, over 90% of them women, received loans totaling $5.5 million from 12,500 village banks.

Under the program of assistance to war and mine victims, in 1998 over 3,400 amputees were fitted with prosthetic devices and nearly 1,000 orphans and poor youth were given vocational training and other assistance to help them seek gainful employment. Growing out of decades of war and trauma, mental illness is common in Cambodia. Under a model community-based mental health program, 104 physicians have been trained to provide these much-needed services nationwide.

Since suspension of the aid program in July 1997, major positive changes have taken place. A national election was held; a coalition government was formed and seated; the National Assembly has reconvened; and all but one of the Khmer Rouge leaders and most of its troops have abandoned warfare. In addition, the repatriation of the remaining 37,000 refugees and their reintegration into society, along with internally displaced persons, offers opportunities for cooperative efforts with USG-funded demining programs. Plans are underway for a renewed donor forum on international assistance for Cambodia at the World-Bank-chaired Consultative Group (CG) meeting currently scheduled for late February 1999. The RGC's development agenda for the CG and the World Bank's analysis of that plan will provide a framework for the provision of development assistance by the international donor community. If circumstances permit, high priorities for USAID assistance include reinstituting programs in primary education, environment and rural economic growth.

Other Donors

Many bilateral donors drastically cut back their assistance progams due to the events of July 1997. Prior to the 1997 aid suspension, the U.S. was the second largest bilateral donor after Japan. Other donors include France, Australia, the European Union (EU), Netherlands and Sweden. Cambodia also receives assistance from the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank. The International Monetary Fund suspended its program in Cambodia due to illegal logging activities and a lack of transparency in the collection of forestry revenues. With the formation of a new government, other donors have recently signaled their intention to resume development cooperation with Cambodia. While new levels of donor assistance won’t be known until after the February CG, the RGC request for the 1999-2001 period is about $449 annually, and indicative levels are known for Japan ($50.3 million), Australia ($32 million), and the Asian Development Bank (ADB - $100 million). Assistance is primarily in the health, education, microfinance and other basic services sectors and for infrastructure.

FY 2000 Program

USAID's FY 2000 program assumes a continued humanitarian assistance program through NGOs. In democracy and human rights, programs will focus on further strengthening civil society and indigenous institutions that promote human rights, the rule of law and the provision of social services. Maternal-child health and HIV/AIDS prevention programs will fine tune existing interventions to maximize achievement of results. USAID will continue to fund NGO activities that address basic needs of war and mine victims, with a special emphasis on women. In microfinance, USAID will continue support for, and expansion of, financial services for the rural poor, particularly women.

CAMBODIA

FY 2000 PROGRAM SUMMARY
(in thousands of dollars)

USAID Mission Director, Willard J. Pearson

USAID Strategic & Special Objectives	Economic Growth & Agriculture	Population & Health	Environment	Democracy	Human Capacity Developmnt	Humanitarian Assistance	TOTALS
SO 1. Strengthened Democratic Processes and Respect for Human Rights - ESF	---	---	---	8,000	---	---	8,000
SO 2. Improved Maternal and Child Health - ESF	---	7,000	---	---	---	---	7,000
SpO 1. Enhanced Assistance for War and Mine Victims - ESF	---	---	---	---	---	2,500	2,500
SpO 2. Reduced Transmission of HIV/AIDS and STIs Among High Risk Populations - ESF	---	2,000	---	---	---	---	2,000
SpO 4. Expanded Access to Sustainable Financial Services - ESF	500	---	---	---	---	---	500
Total - ESF	500	9,000	---	8,000	---	2,500	20,000

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ACTIVITY DATA SHEET

PROGRAM: CAMBODIA
TITLE AND NUMBER: Strengthened Democratic Processes and Respect for Human Rights, 442-SO01
STATUS: Continuing
PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCES: FY 2000: $8,000,000 ESF
INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1992 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2000

Summary: In the course of over two decades of civil war and foreign occupation, virtually all of Cambodia's principal institutions of democratic governance were destroyed or dismantled. Rehabilitation of these institutions -- including the judiciary, the national legislature, electoral processes, and local-level governance -- is a fundamental prerequisite for Cambodia's transition to a sustainable and economically viable democratic society. The purpose of this Strategic Objective (SO) is to help Cambodians build those democratic principles and practices. The fragility of and the hopes surrounding the current juncture are shown by recent events -- the most outstanding of which are the violence of July 1997, the national election of July 1998, and the formation of a coalition government in November 1998. In this volatile climate, USAID is focusing on increasing awareness of the rule of law, strengthening civil society, and creating greater governmental accountability (two cross-cutting themes are human rights and women). Beneficiaries directly involved in grant-funded training include eight Cambodian human rights/public policy NGOs and five women's rights associations. Beneficiaries of legal aid include indigent Cambodians accused of crimes and those in need of assistance with civil disputes. Additionally, over five million Cambodians benefit by receiving democracy-oriented public service announcements through the media. If current restrictions on direct assistance to the government are lifted, additional beneficiaries will include members of the National Assembly and the judiciary.

Key Results: Three key intermediate results have been designed to meet this SO: (1) Legal sector: increased respect for the rule of law and the upholding of citizens' rights by strengthening legal aid and public defender services, and reducing pretrial detentions and other violations of due process in the courts; (2) Elections: efforts must continue to build a system for transparent, multi-party elections (local-level elections are currently scheduled for late 1999); and (3) Human rights: strengthening the sustainability and impact of local human rights organizations by educating the public on human rights issues and by increasing the percentage of human rights abuses reported and successfully resolved.

Performance and Prospects: In response to the July 1997 violence, the U.S. Government suspended two-thirds of its $38 million aid program in Cambodia and imposed corresponding legislative and policy restrictions on all remaining assistance. These restrictions included a prohibition against assisting or working with the RGC, e.g., the courts, the National Assembly, or the various ministries. In light of these continuing restrictions, and given the nature of Cambodia's current political environment, performance with respect to this SO over the past year has been relatively successful, even if narrowly focused. USAID assistance, even on the current limited basis, continues to play a pivotal role in the country's democratic transition.

USAID-funded grantees continued to promote government accountability and strengthen civil society. This was accomplished by increasing the presence of public defenders in Cambodian courtrooms; introducing internationally recognized labor practices; building a successful community legal education program; strengthening human rights and public policy organizations, including the most visible indigenous human rights organizations and the nascent Cambodian Bar Association; and strengthening civil society by building NGO capacity. USAID-supported Cambodian NGOs were also prominent in supporting preparations for the 1998 parliamentary elections in the areas of voter-education and monitoring. In addition, the National Democratic Institute (NDI) and the International Republican Institute (IRI) provided election support that emphasized long-term popular participation in, and sustainability of, the election process rather than a particular political outcome.

The majority of funds allocated for FY 2000 under this SO will be used to strengthen the rule of law, governance, government accountability, respect for human rights, and civil society. In addition to any new projects identified in an upcoming strategy assessment, The Asia Foundation (TAF) -- currently the largest grantee under the program -- will continue supporting local organizations engaged in protecting human rights, furthering public policy making, and implementing nationwide good governance programs aimed at the local level. USAID intends to focus its ongoing rule of law program in Cambodia towards its successful programs, notably the Cambodia Project of the International Human Rights Law Group (IHRLG), and concentrate on efforts to help end the continuing climate of impunity, including efforts to strengthen the formal legal system.

Prospects in these areas will depend much on developments in the local political situation; the direction of USAID/Cambodia's democracy program will in part depend on response to those developments from Washington.

Possible Adjustments to Plans: The events of the past year and a half have delayed USAID's intensive review of its democracy and rule of law strategy. Given the recently improved local political climate, USAID is now planning a major sector strategy assessment to determine its second generation democracy and rule of law programs. The activities identified for assistance will be competed and are planned to be underway as of January 1, 2000. This assessment -- and possible redesign of the SO -- will be done in conjunction with USAID/Washington.

In addition, limited funding is available to support the local (commune-level) elections anticipated for late 1999. These elections will force previously appointed local officials to run for election.

Other Donor Programs: The United States, Japan, France, Australia, the European Union (EU) and various United Nations agencies are the major donors working in the democracy sector in Cambodia. Coordination of assistance plans and activities between the donors in specific areas has been good. A specific example of this is the close cooperation of the many donors that came together to support the 1998 parliamentary elections.

Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: Current grantees include TAF, IHRLG, Private Agencies Collaborating Together (Pact), and the University of San Francisco (USF).

Selected Performance Measures:

	Baseline	Target (2000)
Lawyers/public defenders providing access to services for the accused poor in 80% of courts country-wide	46% (1995)	80%
Number of human rights violations by military, police, and civil authorities reported	359 (1997)	150
Percent of human rights abuses reported and investigated that were successfully resolved	24% (1996)	45%

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ACTIVITY DATA SHEET

PROGRAM: CAMBODIA
TITLE AND NUMBER: Improved Maternal and Child Health, 442-SO02
STATUS: Continuing
PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCES: FY 2000: $7,000,000 ESF
INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1995 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2000

Summary: When USAID began work on this objective in 1995, Cambodia had no reliable data on important measures of health status such as infant mortality, maternal mortality or contraceptive prevalence. Cambodia is still an extremely data-poor country, but the data that are available point toward significant progress in improving maternal and child health over the past four years. In target areas, USAID implementing partners have made important contributions to that progress. For example, in target areas, health facilities have been re-established, equipped and staff trained. On the national level, key health policies that will benefit the entire country are at varying stages of development and implementation.

As this five-year strategic objective nears completion, it appears that the most important targets will have been achieved, perhaps by a significant degree in some cases. However, despite the fact that the objective's targets are likely to be met, health status in Cambodia will remain at one of the lowest levels in Southeast Asia.

Key Results: The three key results for this objective are: (1) improved leadership exercised by public sector officials; (2) improved service delivery in the public and private sectors; and (3) improved MCH commodity accessibility and rational management.

Performance and Prospects: Performance on this objective has been good. With just three private clinics, one of USAID's grantees provided reproductive health, birth spacing or antenatal care services to more than 15,000 clients during the first six months of 1998, in addition to serving the birth spacing needs of more than 10,000 new clients in five provinces through community based distribution systems. USAID partners provided approximately 30,000 residents in remote provinces with improved access to water and sanitation facilities while primary health care services were strengthened and/or reintroduced in at least 43 health care facilities in target areas. On the national level, USAID implementing partners provided important technical assistance for the development and implementation of an informed consent policy for surgical contraception, pharmaceutical logistics management systems, and improved quality of care for childhood illnesses. In addition, USAID partners have contributed to developments on the national vitamin A distribution system, salt iodization plans and the introduction and adaptation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness initiative.

As a result of these activities, the population of the target areas has benefited directly from improved services or access to services, while at the national level, the population benefits from improved health policies and quality of services.

Possible Adjustments to Plans: With this strategic objective nearing conclusion, USAID/Cambodia will re-evaluate its approach to maternal and child health over the coming months to ensure that the interventions implemented remain the most effective and the ones most likely to achieve desired improvements in the health of women and children.

Other Donor Programs: The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) supports the national immunization and essential drugs programs, as well as provincial health advisors in four provinces. The World Health Organization (WHO) supports national-level vector control programs as well as providing technical advisors for health sector reform and the provincial health management teams in a number of provinces. UNICEF and WHO, together with the Ministry of Health (MOH), have taken the lead on the introduction and adaptation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness initiative. The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) supports a national-level reproductive health and birth spacing project in collaboration with the MOH as well as continuing analyses of the recently-collected national census data. The World Bank and Asian Development Bank support provincial-level health systems strengthening projects. Germany provides technical support for the National Public Health Research Institute. Australia provides technical support for primary health care activities at the provincial level. A coordination committee of host government, donor, international and implementing agencies meets monthly for joint review, planning and monitoring.

Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: USAID/Cambodia implements its MCH activities through U.S., international, and local NGOs and centrally-managed cooperating agencies. Grantees include CARE International, Helen Keller International, Medecins Sans Frontieres, Partners for Development, Reproductive Health Association of Cambodia, Population Services International, and World Vision International. Global Bureau partners include AVSC International and John Snow.

Selected Performance Measures:

	Baseline (1995)	Target (2000)
Infant mortality rate	115	100
Under-five mortality rate	181	152
Modern method contraceptive prevalence rate (among married women of reproductive age)	7%	17%
Key policies in place for reproductive health, child survival, nutrition, and sustainability	1	7
Percentage of service providers in target areas who correctly manage diarrhea cases in children under five.	10%	80%
Sales of Number One condoms	5 million	14.5 million

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ACTIVITY DATA SHEET

PROGRAM: CAMBODIA
TITLE AND NUMBER: Enhanced Assistance for War and Mine Victims, 442-SpO01
STATUS: Continuing
PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCES: FY 2000: $2,500,000 ESF
INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1993 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2001

Summary: Cambodia's tragic history of war and civil unrest has resulted in an estimated 158,000 disabled persons (of whom 45,000 are land mine amputees), 200,000 impoverished youth and war orphans and 600,000 widows. These individuals face tremendous social barriers, e.g. stigmatization, lack of skills, and lack of mobility, thus precluding their effective participation in family life and in productive social and economic activities. In addition to the problem of large numbers of war-affected individuals, the inadequate health care system, widespread poverty and lack of a social safety net push war and mine victims to the extreme margins of Cambodian society. USAID partners are implementing rehabilitation, training, and service provision activities to allow these individuals to participate more fully in society and lead productive lives. In addition, USAID implementing partners have been instrumental in the formation of 15 specialized coordination and training mechanisms to address the different activities in this sector. Given the limited capacity of the RGC and other Cambodian institutions, support for war and mine victims will continue to require significant international donor and NGO assistance for quite some time.

Key Results: The two key results for this objective are: (1) increasing access to rehabilitation care and job training, and (2) establishing ten functional coordinating and training mechanisms in government agencies and NGOs.

Performance and Prospects: Overall performance under this special objective has met expectations and some individual activities have significantly exceeded expectations. There are now 15 networks, sub-committees or other support groups working to facilitate assistance to war and mine victims as opposed to the 10 that were originally planned. Similar success was seen with prostheses and orthotics: 4,690 new and replacement prosthetic and orthotic devices were manufactured and fitted, including appropriate follow-up for patients, 53% above the annual target for 1998. Achievement of mental health care provider training and patient consultations are on target, with an additional 54 health care providers trained this year and over 1,400 patients receiving consultation or treatment in 1998. Similarly, vocational training for orphans is meeting expectations with 919 enrolling in the training courses. Over the coming years, as more Cambodians become aware of the support services available, utilization is likely to increase.

Possible Adjustments to Plans: USAID/Cambodia plans a strategic review of this sector.

Other Donor Programs: Japan, Australia, Germany and UNESCO provide support for vocational training initiatives. The EU, Australia, UNICEF, and the International Committee of the Red Cross provide support for rehabilitation programs. The International Labor Organization provides assistance for a mental health training program. The World Food Program provides food-for-work programs. The United Nations High Commission for Refugees provides assistance for internally displaced persons while the Asian Development Bank and Canada provide support for small scale economic activities. The United Kingdom provides technical assistance for demining activities. Donor assistance for this sector is about $5 million annually.

Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: Current USAID grantees include Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation, American Red Cross, Salesian Mission, Harvard School of Public Health, and Handicap International.

Selected Performance Measures:

	Baseline	Target (2000)
Quality prostheses and orthoses fitted	2,077 (1996)	3,240
Patients receiving mental health treatment	1,915 (1996)	2,732
Orphans and disabled enrolled in courses	235 (1995)	2,000
Coordinating mechanisms in-place	0 (1995)	10
Practitioners with improved skills in assessment of needs and training	0 (1995)	50

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ACTIVITY DATA SHEET

PROGRAM: CAMBODIA TITLE AND NUMBER: Reduced Transmission of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) and HIV Among High-Risk Populations, 442-SpO02 STATUS: Continuing PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCES: FY 2000: $2,000,000 ESF INITIAL OBLIGATION:FY 1998 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2002

Summary: Cambodia is the scene of one of the most rapidly progressing AIDS epidemics in Asia. While it was only in 1991 that the first HIV infections were detected, by 1998, 150,000 Cambodians were estimated to be HIV positive. Current seroprevalence data indicate that the epidemic is still concentrated in high-risk populations such as commercial sex workers (43% HIV positive in 1998) and their clients, but that it is beginning to spread to the general population (2.4% of pregnant women were HIV positive in 1998). To head off an explosive spread of the epidemic in the general population, USAID is focusing its prevention and control efforts on the high-risk populations, and in particular the individuals (mainly men) who form bridges between the high-risk groups and the population at large.

Key Results: The three key intermediate results for this new special objective are: (1) policy makers are informed about the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Cambodia; (2) high-risk behaviors are reduced in the target areas; and (3) sexually transmitted disease (STD) and reproductive health service delivery programs for high-risk populations are piloted and replicated in the target areas.

Performance and Prospects: During the initial start-up phase, performance on this new special objective has been greater than expected. A range of formative research projects have been quickly completed, such as an STD care facility assessment and an assessment of the communications materials available in Cambodia. The results of these activities are being used not only by USAID and its HIV/AIDS implementing partners to guide further implementation activities, but also by other donors to improve their programs. USAID partners have clearly defined their respective roles and activities and are actively collaborating in their efforts. Future prospects include beginning communication interventions to bring about behavior change among high-risk men, modifying and enhancing the national HIV surveillance system, and revising treatment protocols for selected reproductive tract infections to avoid substantial overtreatment with expensive third-generation antibiotics.

Possible Adjustments to Plans: None planned.

Other Donor Programs: The National AIDS Program works closely with the United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) to plan and coordinate activities of international donors. WHO is supporting a pilot study of the 100% condom use policy in brothels, similar to the successful program in Thailand. The World Bank provides technical advisors to the National AIDS Program. The USAID program is currently the largest HIV/AIDS program in the country. Annual donor assistance is approximately $7 million. A coordination committee of host government, donor, international and implementing agencies meets monthly for joint review, planning and monitoring.

Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: USAID implements its STI/HIV prevention activities through Family Health International and its partners in the IMPACT project, Population Services International and the Khmer HIV/AIDS NGO Alliance.

Selected Performance Measures:

	Baseline (1997)	Target (2000)	Target (2002)
Reduced prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among commercial sex workers	41.9%	38%	35%
Percentage of men reporting condom use during their most recent sex act with a commercial sex worker in the previous 12 months	85%	90%	95%
Percentage of men reporting condom use during their most recent sex act with a non- regular partner in the previous 12 months	17%	25%	38%
Percentage of female commercial sex workers reporting consistent condom use with clients over the previous 12 months	42%	50%	55%

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ACTIVITY DATA SHEET

PROGRAM: CAMBODIA
TITLE AND NUMBER: Expanded Access to Sustainable Financial Services, 442-SPO04
STATUS: Continuing
PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCES: FY 2000:$500,000 ESF
INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1999 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2005

Summary: USAID initiated this special objective to respond to the scarcity of formal savings and credit programs that are available to the rural poor. Although the number of NGO microfinance programs directed to servicing the needs of this group has increased steadily in the past five years, they are still unable to provide access to 85%-90% of the country's rural population. This lack of access to credit stifles productivity and restrains economic growth. The purpose of this special objective is to accelerate the growth of the rural poor's access to sustainable financial services. The direct beneficiaries of achieving this objective will be predominantly women, an estimated 100,000 to 200,000 of whom will be provided access to credit facilities. The indirect beneficiaries will be the children of these women.

Key Results: The four key intermediate results are: 1) an average annual growth rate of 25% in the number of clients served by the grantees funded under this special objective; 2) an average annual growth rate of 10% in the number of village banks established by these grantees; 3) an average annual growth rate of 25% in the volume of outstanding loans provided by these grantees; and 4) a steady enhancement of the quality of the enabling environment in which microfinance institutions operate.

Performance and Prospects: Prior to the development of this special objective, both USAID central funding and Mission funding for economic growth activities have been used to expand the outreach of selected microfinance programs. Their performance over the past year, reflected in the achievement of the intermediate results, has overwhelmingly exceeded expectations. The growth rates in the number of clients served (166%), the number of village banks established (189%), and the volume of outstanding loan portfolios (164%) all exceeded targeted levels by significant amounts.

Possible Adjustments to Plans: Cambodian legislation is currently proposed that will necessitate the transformation of the larger NGO credit providers in the country into licensed microfinance institutions. In order to expand the outreach of credit and savings facilities to the rural poor as rapidly as possible, USAID central funding has been obligated to provide technical assistance and training to the largest rural credit provider in the country during its transformation into a licensed microfinance institution.

Other Donor Programs: The United Nations Development Programme, the EU, and the French Development Bank have been significant providers of grants to NGO microfinance operators.

Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: Current grantees receiving USAID funding include the Association of Cambodian Local Economic Development Agencies, Catholic Relief Services, and World Relief.

Selected Performance Measures:

	Baseline (1998)	Target (2000)	Target (2005)
Number of clients served by grantees	85,000	400,000	400,000
Number of village banks established by grantees	12,500	16,000	25,000
Volume of outstanding loans of grantees ($ million)	5.5	10	25
Qualitative index of enabling environment (1-10)	5	6	8

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