MADAGASCAR

	FY 1998 Actual	FY 1999 Estimate	FY 2000 Request
Development Assistance	$14,500,000	$11,925,000	---
Development Fund for Africa	---	---	$14,000,000
Child Survival and Disease	$3,000,000	$3,601,000	$3,000,000
P.L. 480 Title II	$7,111,000	$6,890,000	$6,795,000

Introduction.

The principal U.S. interest in Madagascar lies in the high potential of its people to break out of poverty to become one of Africa's emerging market economies, and in conserving its globally unique biodiversity. Assistance to Madagascar advances U.S. interests by helping the Malagasy people to manage effectively one of the earth's most extraordinary sources of biodiversity. Assistance will also serve U.S. interests by helping establish a legal and policy environment that encourages private initiative and investment, fosters greater respect for human rights and the rule of law, and increases decentralized responsibility for decision making. U.S. assistance is also slowing the spread of the AIDS virus while helping Malagasy families to become smaller and healthier.

The Development Challenge.

According to the World Bank, approximately 70% Madagascar's population lives in absolute poverty. The nation's decline was mainly due to a policy and regulatory environment that discouraged private sector investment and growth. Madagascar also suffered from high population growth rates, intensive deforestation and soil erosion, declines in soil fertility, declines in health status (particularly among children), and political and social turmoil. Despite this bleak picture, there is a general agreement in the donor community that the country is now well positioned for future growth. Following Madagascar's successful transition to democracy, the government stabilized the economy and negotiated an ambitious Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to reverse its economic decline, launch sustained growth, and reduce poverty. U.S. leadership is credited with having brought the international financial institutions, donors and Government of Madagascar (GOM) together on completion of this key step. Agreement on this SAP led to Paris Club debt reduction, enabling the debt-service ratio to fall from 46% in 1996 to 17.8% in 1998.

Due to a well-established dialogue with the GOM, there is strong government ownership of, and support for, the USAID program and its goals. Successful endeavors in 1998 include significant strides made in empowering local communities to participate in decision-making for the management of natural resources; the timely analysis of the 1997 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and its wide dissemination to policy makers and the international scientific community; under progress made in democracy and governance, the strengthening of the National Assembly’s capacity to review and draft legislation and to communicate more effectively with its constituents; the enactment of a law enabling alternative dispute resolution; the conduct of several important economic studies and the discussion of their results with government, private sector, civil society and university participants; and the introduction of environmental mitigation measures into Madagascar’s anti-locust campaign.

Conserving its environment is one of the GOM's highest priorities. With USAID's assistance, Madagascar is finding ways to meet the resource needs of an expanding population without compromising its unique biodiversity. USAID continues to be a major contributor to the 15-year Malagasy Environmental Action Plan. The second phase of U.S. support for this action plan (EP2) began in 1997 with a focus on decentralization. USAID's support reinforces Madagascar's commitment to biodiversity conservation by shifting natural resource management responsibility to Malagasy institutions, expanding local community participation, and increasing ecotourism and private sector involvement in conservation enterprises within biodiversity-rich ecological regions.

Madagascar's high rate of population growth is a major contributor to the country's low standard of living. To achieve smaller, healthier families, USAID supports the improvement of health, nutrition and demographic indicators at the family and community levels. USAID is the main donor for polio eradication and supports the country's overall immunization program. USAID is also helping to define policies for effective nutrition programs, while encouraging communities and families to play an active role in disease recognition and prevention. For population and HIV/AIDS control, the highly successful family planning and condom promotion program is complemented by AIDS prevention activities targeted at high-risk populations.

Resources from the Bureau for Humanitarian Response’s Office of Food for Peace (BHR/FFP) laid a strong foundation over the past year for the alleviation of food insecurity. P.L. 480 Title II funding has strengthened the transition from clinic to integrated and community-based food distribution, and proceeds from food monetization launched local direct activities to improve the food security of 285,000 of Madagascar’s most vulnerable citizens. In response to one of the largest locust invasions in the country's history, USAID supported an expert team whose recommendations helped introduce environmental monitoring into Madagascar’s locust control efforts. As a result, Malagasy institutions are safeguarding human health and biodiversity in protected areas and watersheds that would otherwise have been imperilled by unchecked pesticide use.

Reducing poverty in Madagascar also depends on the establishment of a legal, policy, and institutional environment that promotes private initiative and thereby contributes to sustainable economic development. With USAID's support, business codes are being revised and judicial reform is underway to protect and promote economic participants' right to invest and employ their resources productively. USAID provides a critical contribution to expand the poor's access to sustainable micro-finance services and to the implementation of supportive financial policies. Working with civil society, USAID also supports greater public participation in economic and legal issues, accountability, and the rule of law. In addition, USAID is helping to improve Madagascar's trade and investment regime and its effective participation in regional and global trade agreements. This year, the Minister of Justice will propose legislation to combat illegal enrichment, an outgrowth of his USAID-funded participation in an international anti-corruption conference.

Other Donors.

Transportation and communications, health and education, environment, and agriculture remain the priority investment areas for donor support. Donor unity on disaster relief, structural reform, carefully designed programs, and a focus on strengthening civil society is well-established. Ranking fourth among donors, the United States provided $18.3 million in FY 1998. France, the lead donor, provided $177.3 million, followed by the International Development Association ($69.1 million), the European Union ($43 million), and Japan ($11 million).

FY 2000 Program.

USAID's FY 2000 program will focus on: 1) conserving Madagascar's unique biological diversity; health (including important child survival programs), family planning, and HIV/AIDS prevention; 2) food security and disaster preparedness and relief; and 3) supporting private initiative. The requested P.L. 480 Title II resources for FY 2000 are critical to assuring that USAID's food security strategy reaches vulnerable populations. USAID's partners will use proceeds from the Title II monetization program to finance activities focused on increasing food availability, access, and utilization. They will also work among populations living in areas prone to disasters to build local capacities for cyclone, drought, and/or locust preparedness, mitigation and response.

USAID MADAGASCAR

FY 2000 PROGRAM SUMMARY
(in thousands of dollars)

USAID Mission Director: Karen M. Poe

USAID Strategic and Special Objectives	Economic Growth & Agriculture	Population & Health	Environment	Democracy	Human Capacity Development	Humanitarian Assistance	TOTALS
S.P.O.1 Improved Environment for Private Initiative - DFA	1,400	---	---	500	---	---	1,900
S.O.2 Smaller, Healthier Families - DFA - CSD - P.L. 480, Title II	--- --- ---	3,600 3,000 ---	--- --- ---	--- --- ---	--- --- ---	--- --- 6,795	3,600 3,000 6,795
S.O.3 Biologically-Diverse Ecosystems Conserved in Priority Zones - DFA	---	---	8,500	---	---	---	8,500
Totals - DFA - CSD - P.L. 480, Title II	1,400 --- ---	3,600 3,000 ---	8,500 --- ---	500 --- ---	--- --- ---	--- --- 6,795	14,000 3,000 6,795

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ACTIVITY DATA SHEET

PROGRAM: MADAGASCAR
TITLE AND NUMBER: Improved Environment for Private Initiative, 687-SPO1
STATUS: Continuing
PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCES: FY 2000 $1,900,000 DFA
INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1996 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2002

Summary: USAID support for this objective was initiated in response to Madagascar's commitment to restore macroeconomic balance following a period of instability associated with the transition to a democratic government. Private initiative had been severely stifled under the previous socialist regime, resulting in a dramatic decline in the nation's per capita GDP. The purpose of this Special Objective (SPO) is to support key objectives of Madagascar's Structural Adjustment Program in concert with other donors and the Government of Madagascar (GOM). To achieve sustained economic growth, Madagascar must create legal, policy, and financial conditions that promote a marked increase in private investment, from 4.9% of GDP in 1996 to over 11% by 2002. USAID assistance focuses on financial policy reform, commercial law reform, and promoting more informed public participation in the economic and legal reform process. All Malagasy households and businesses will benefit from an improved environment for private initiative, a more responsive public sector, and increased confidence to invest and employ resources productively. Additionally, the GOM will benefit from its strengthened capacity to develop and implement sound policies and laws.

Key Results: Two intermediate results are necessary to achieve this objective: 1) Improved Legal, Policy, and Financial Conditions for Trade and Investment, measured by the adoption of key commercial and financial law reforms; key actions and policies taken by the GOM to increase trade and investment; a reduction in the court case backlog; and client growth at the Savings Bank of Madagascar (CEM); and 2) More Informed Public Participation in Economic and Legal Issues, measured by the number of key public interest issues addressed with the participation of civil society, and the use of economic analyses in policy decisions and dialogue.

Performance and Prospects: Performance over the past year has met or exceeded expectations. New legislation establishing the legal basis for Alternative Dispute Resolution (or Arbitration) was adopted by the National Assembly and signed into law. This is expected to contribute significantly to quicker resolution of commercial disputes. USAID-funded technical assistance helped to integrate key features of the United Nations' model on arbitration, thus ensuring greater conformity to global standards. In 2000, reform efforts will focus on company law, commercial contracts, and law governing credit and collateral. Complementing the legal reform work, USAID helped the National Assembly strengthen its capacity to review and draft legislation and to communicate more effectively with its constituents through internet connection and creation of the first website for a francophone African parliament. With assistance from the National Conference of State Legislatures, the National Assembly held its first public committee hearings, including one on the need for an Ethics in Government Law.

In collaboration with the Foreign Investment Advisory Services (FIAS), a World Bank affiliate, USAID supported a study on administrative barriers to investment in Madagascar. The study will be vetted among government and private sector participants in a workshop in 1999, and used to formulate a Plan of Action for reducing such barriers.

In June 1998, USAID supported the establishment of a contractual relationship between the Savings Bank of Madagascar (CEM) and Western Union to provide money transfer services. This has enabled ordinary citizens with relatives abroad to access funds from foreign sources as easily and securely as do large clients of international banks. Technical support to the CEM also helped the bank achieve a 32% real increase in its total savings deposit base and 7% client growth.

A number of important collaborative economic studies were carried out in 1998 and their results disseminated and discussed in fora comprised of government, private sector, civil society and university participants. One study done by U.S. researchers in collaboration with local researchers analyzed the impact of proposed changes in fiscal policy. Its dissemination has led some private sector actors to raise concerns over the distributional consequences of a proposed new per capita tax. Another research activity, conducted by researchers from the International Food Policy Research Institute and local researchers, has shown that market reforms have increased private sector participation in the marketing of agricultural goods, but have not led to the expected increases in agricultural productivity on account of the exceedingly low level of agricultural inputs applied to Malagasy farming. Top GOM officials plan to use the research findings to inform the completion of the nation's Rural Development Strategy. Finally, another study conducted by local researchers with technical support from the Harvard Institute for International Development examined means of increasing tax transparency in Madagascar. Some of the authors' recommendations have been followed, including those aimed at abolishing ad hoc tax exemptions. The work under these activities is highly collaborative and helps strengthen the capacity of Malagasy research institutions to conduct high quality policy analyses and communicate the results to decision-makers.

USAID-funded technical support has helped citizens in two municipalities of Madagascar exert greater influence over decisions relating to tax and expenditure policy. This effort has led the municipal governments to commit themselves to communicating tax and expenditure policy to local citizens, and to showing citizens what they will get in return for their taxes.

Possible Adjustments to Plans: As activities under this SPO are relatively new, USAID does not now envision any substantive adjustments to its strategy for achieving this objective. USAID will continue to monitor progress toward expected results closely and will adjust plans as appropriate.

Other Donor Programs: Technical assistance from the World Bank and France complement USAID's support for commercial law reform. All aspects of this support are closely coordinated with our donor partners. The World Bank and USAID collaborated in conducting an organizational audit of the Ministry of Justice which is expected to lead to reforms that make the administration of justice more responsive to citizens. FIAS and USAID have collaborated on a study of administrative barriers to investment, the results of which are expected to help develop a plan of action for reducing such barriers. French assistance for legal and judicial reform amounts to approximately $140,000 per year, while the World Bank allots approximately $310,000 per year towards this end. In addition to its active support for all aspects of the SPO program, the GOM has already provided cash and in-kind contributions equivalent to $435,000; negotiations are underway to more than double this contribution.

Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: Associates in Rural Development and Checchi Consulting (ARD/Checchi), Jureco (a local law firm), Pact, Cornell University, International Food Policy Research Institute, National Conference of State Legislatures, State University of New York/Albany.

Selected Performance Measures:

Baseline	FY 2000	Target
Laws modernized in major areas of Business Law	0 (1997)	7	12 (2002)
Cumulative reduction in court case backlog	0 (1997)	45%	55% (2002)
Clients of Savings Bank of Madagascar	365,559 (1996)	545,000	650,000 (2002)
Key policies and actions taken by GOM to increase trade and investment	0 (1997)	5	10 (2002)

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ACTIVITY DATA SHEET

PROGRAM: MADAGASCAR
TITLE AND NUMBER: Smaller, Healthier Families, 687-S002
STATUS: Continuing
PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCES: FY 2000: $3,600,000 DFA; $3,000,000 CSD; $6,795,000 P.L. 480, Title II
INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1995 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2002

Summary: In 1995, Madagascar's population was growing at 2.8% a year, and was expected to double to over 25 million in less than 25 years. Only five percent of eligible women were using modern contraceptives. Condoms were difficult to procure. Of every 1,000 children born, 162 died before the age of five, and over half were stunted from malnutrition. The purpose of this Strategic Objective is to change these and other health, nutrition and demographic indicators, and to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS. This will require improving access to family planning, child survival, and reproductive health services; attention to food security and nutrition;, and a focus on interventions in areas where the AIDS epidemic is beginning. Until recently, lack of good data made policy and program planning difficult, so this SO is also giving high priority to data collection, analysis and use in the decision making process. The direct beneficiaries of this SO will be the families of Madagascar, particularly women of reproductive age, children, and those at risk of sexually transmitted diseases.

Key Results: Four key results are needed to achieve this objective: (1) the number of sites where couples can have access to family planning and reproductive health services must grow from less than 150 in 1992 to over 1000, (2) condom sales must increase to 13 million per year by 2002, (3) the proportion of children fully immunized before one year of age must double, (4) the percentage of children under five years old who are stunted must decrease considerably.

Performance and Prospects: USAID focuses on six activities: (a) increasing the use of modern contraceptives; (b) improving the health of children age five and under; (c) preventing AIDS through activities targeted at high-risk populations; (d) increasing the dissemination of quality program data and use of these data by health program managers and policy makers; (e) integrating the P.L. 480 food aid program with the child survival program to increase food security and improve development impact; and (f) strengthening Malagasy capacity to prepare for and respond to natural disasters. USAID approaches this objective at two levels: (a) intensive work in local field sites to initiate programs, refine tools and create partnerships between communities and health centers; and (b) extensive work at the national level to influence policies, strengthen networks and improve systems. USAID has forged a strong partnership with the Ministries of Health (MOH) and Interior, and with local non-governmental organizations (NGOs); this permits concerted, effective action and increases the sustainability of programs initiated with USAID funding. USAID's role in coordinating multiple public and private-sector partners, including other donors, has amplified the impact of USAID funds for health, nutrition, population, and disaster mitigation, preparedness, and response programs.

Performance over the past year has been better than expected in regard to family planning service provision and use. A significant problem, however, was identified by the 1997 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) concerning immunization coverage, which has declined overall in Madagascar from 48% of children fully immunized in 1992 to only 36% in 1997. Experimental community-level efforts in USAID focus areas changed behavior, however, approaches to dramatically increase immunization coverage have been developed, and coverage in those areas has increased from 57% to 78%. In addition, Madagascar has successfully conducted polio eradication campaigns that promise to eliminate this disease; 99% of children under five are now vaccinated against it. The challenge now is to expand these approaches to the national level.

USAID's new Food Security Strategy now serves as a basis for all its food security efforts. In the context of this Strategy, P.L. 480 Title II resources helped launch a monetization-based program to improve the food security of 285,000 vulnerable citizens. This program addresses malnutrition, the ultimate manifestation of food insecurity. A large portion of the program focuses on agriculture, natural resources, and income generation; the remainder tackles health/child survival and emergency preparedness. The latter component is moving from a clinic to a broad-based community approach; to date, 204 sites have made this transition.

In response to one of the largest locust invasions in Madagascar’s history, USAID helped introduce environmental considerations into locust control efforts, thereby helping safeguard biodiversity and human health. With USAID support, a system is now in place to monitor the use of pesticides and avoid environmental damage. In addition, USAID continues to play a lead role in the efforts of the GOM's National Disaster Management Council (CNS) and its Disaster Response Steering Committee (CRIC). In 1998, CNS/CRIC trained 230 community leaders in cyclone preparation measures and collected baseline data about cyclone-vulnerable communities.

Possible Adjustments to Plans: To address low immunization coverage, USAID will hold a multi-partner evaluation of the immunization program in 1999 which will include the MOH, UNICEF, the World Health Organization, and bilateral partners. Successful polio eradication efforts and the lessons learned in USAID focus areas suggest that ways can be found to improve immunization coverage nationally. The outcome of new approaches to the problem of low immunization will be closely monitored by surveys in 1999, 2000 and 2001, and corrective measures taken to improve the program where necessary. The HIV/AIDS program will receive priority attention in 1999 to strengthen field activities in areas where cases are concentrated and among high risk groups.

Other Donor Programs: Through the MOH, the GOM provides health facilities, equipment, and personnel to carry out the expanded immunization program nation-wide, family planning in the two largest provinces, and child survival in two USAID-focus districts. The approximate annual value of this contribution is $4 million. USAID provides 70% of donor funds for the national family planning program; the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) covers 20% (over $1 million/year); and Germany 10% (approximately $500,000/year). USAID is also the largest child survival donor. The World Bank, France and the European Union (EU) provide $5 million per year for health system development and national drug policy; together, their contribution amounts to some 50% of donor support for the MOH health program. The EU and the UN agencies (including UNICEF, WHO, and the UN Joint Program on AIDS) provide approximately $300,000 per year in support for HIV/AIDS prevention, with USAID contributing strong technical leadership and the bulk of all funding. The EU and the World Food Program also address development through the use of food or its proceeds, while the Japanese have contributed food directly to the GOM. The EU's Food Security Unit has been influential in the establishment of a southern-based Early Warning System (SAP), and has collaborated with USAID on the development of a food security website.

Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: Management Sciences for Health, John Snow International, Peace Corps, Care International, Catholic Relief Services, the Adventist Development and Relief Agency, the GOM, 25 local non-governmental organizations, UNICEF, the U.S. Bureau of the Census, Macro International, and the Population Reference Bureau.

Selected Performance Measures:

	Baseline	FY 2000	Target
Number of family planning clinics	150 (1992)	900	1000 (2002)
Immunization Coverage--DPT3	48%(1992)	56%	60% (2002)
Condoms sold	1 million (1996)	9 million	13 million (2002)
Percent of children stunted	51% (1992)	50%	48% (2002)

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ACTIVITY DATA SHEET

PROGRAM: MADAGASCAR
TITLE AND NUMBER: Biologically Diverse Ecosystems Conserved in Priority Conservation Zones, 687-SO03
STATUS: Continuing
PROPOSED OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCES: FY 2000: $8,500,000 DFA
INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1997 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2002

Summary: Madagascar is one of the highest biodiversity hot spots in the world. This globally significant, natural resource base is being seriously threatened by human poverty, high population growth rate, and unsustainable government policies and practices. The destruction of Madagascar's biodiversity, loss of habitat, and the extinction of rare plants and animals are of global concern, particularly in regard to new genetic materials needed for advances in medicine and agriculture. To preserve this valuable heritage, USAID seeks to conserve biologically diverse ecosystems in priority conservation zones through improved natural resources management.

USAID has been a lead donor to Madagascar's National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) since 1990, supporting biodiversity conservation, forest management planning, environmental policy development, and institutional strengthening for environmental organizations. The NEAP provides an overall framework for donors, maximizing the use of available resources and avoiding duplication of effort. The second five-year phase of NEAP (EP2, 1997-2002) focuses on the transfer of natural resource management responsibility from centralized to regional and local institutions and communities. USAID's support reinforces Madagascar's strong commitment to manage effectively its expanded forests and parks system, increase local participation, develop and implement ecologically-friendly agricultural technologies, increase ecotourism and private sector involvement in conservation enterprises, and establish sustainable conditions for environmental organizations and policies. EP2 emphasizes linkages among the actors within an ecological region to reduce pressures on environmentally sensitive areas.

Key Results: USAID focuses on results in two broad areas: (1) fostering biodiversity conservation and sustainable natural resource management, using a landscape ecology approach; and (2) establishing sustainable conditions for environmental organizations and policies necessary for biodiversity conservation efforts. In the first priority area, USAID works closely with government, private sector, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), local communities and other donors to improve community and government management of critical biodiversity habitats at the regional level; to reduce human pressures on biodiversity; and to create economic and social incentives for local biodiversity conservation. In the second priority area, USAID is improving the integration of environmental issues into national, regional, and local planning, policy, regulation, and decision-making to assure ecologically appropriate sustainable development; to ensure the effective application of environmental impact assessment; and to increase sustainable funding for biodiversity conservation efforts and institutions.

Performance and Prospects: Significant progress has been made in integrating environmental dimensions into regional planning and local activities. A consultative planning process in three regions identified key strategies and activities to reduce pressures on natural resources. USAID support has also helped expand the amount of forested land under protection, and effective management. A more efficient, decentralized National Park Service has resulted in improved trails, signs, interpretative material and campgrounds to respond to the needs of ecotourism. Substantial progress has been made in the development of an initial ecotourism investment zone to facilitate private investment near protected areas. Implementation of seven forest management plans moved forward at the regional level, involving local beneficiaries in both the forest planning process and in day-to-day management. An institutional framework for regional environmental assessments was piloted in another region, focusing on analyzing the effects of potential activities in light of the environmental and socio-economic conditions within the region. This will allow the Government of Madagascar's (GOM) National Office of the Environment to provide better information and advice on the implications of policy and planning decisions.

USAID-funded efforts build the capacity of local communities and help implement policy modifications which empower local populations. For example, local groups now receive 50% of park entry receipts and a share of forest-cutting fees. Communities in priority zones are adopting less destructive resource use practices.

One major accomplishment has been the establishment of a Malagasy National Park Service to manage national parks and reserves. Other accomplishments include the creation of Madagascar's landmark environmental impact assessment law, and the establishment of the first private Malagasy environmental foundation to finance local environmental management initiatives. That foundation is now fully operational and provided its first grants in 1998. Creation of other long-term sustainable financial mechanisms for targeted environmental institutions, organizations, and local communities is one of the most important links to a viable future for environmental activities.

Possible Adjustments to Plan: USAID needs to increase its focus on identifying sustainable environmental financing mechanisms to ensure: (1) a gradual decrease in Madagascar's reliance on international donor assistance; and (2) the long term financial sustainability of environmental efforts beyond the end of the NEAP in 2007. USAID has also updated its indicator on the number of hectares included in Madagascar’s national parks system to take into account boundary changes from converting a conventional mapping system to digital data using Geographic Information System (GIS).

Other Donor Programs: USAID plans to provide funding to directly support the $150 million EP2 over its five-year life. The United States is the second largest donor in EP2 after the World Bank ($30 million), which provides institutional support to key NEAP institutions and funding for projects to address the problems of soil and water conservation. Switzerland (which will contribute some $6 million) has helped develop a new forest policy and, along with Germany ($8.4 million), will promote its implementation. The United Nations Development Program ($3 million) has been active in setting biodiversity priorities and supports coastal and marine activities through the Global Environment Facility. France ($4.6 million) has supported the establishment of an effective environmental information management system and land tenure system. The GOM strongly supports the NEAP, providing the equivalent of $31 million (approximately 20% of total costs) for EP2 through contributions to operating costs and tax reductions. Smaller donors include the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the World Wildlife Fund, Conservation International, CARE, and the Netherlands. In addition, the USG finances another $18 million in indirect support for sustainable development and financial sustainability activities.

Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: Pact, World Wildlife Fund, Conservation International, Chemonics, International Resources Group, International Rice Research Institute, Peace Corps, United States Geological Survey, Montana State University, and Cornell University.

Selected Performance Measures:

	Baseline	FY2000	Target (2002)
Number of hectares contained in national parks system	1.1 million (1989)	1.75 million	1,800,000
Number of community associations involved in multiple-use forest management	0 (1994)	40	40
Number of villages participating in community- based conservation activities	0 (1989)	300	400
Tany Meva financing for local environmental actions	$145,000 (1997)	$550,000	$600,000
Investment projects passed through environmental review	0 (1996)	6	8

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