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Bureau for Global Health
>> Regional Overview >> Global Health Overview Program Data Sheet
936-005USAID OPERATING UNIT: Bureau for Global Health
PROGRAM TITLE: Infectious Disease Program (Pillar: Global Health)
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE AND NUMBER: Increased use of effective interventions to reduce the threat of infectious diseases of a major public health importance, 936-005
STATUS: Continuing
PLANNED FY 2002 OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: $49,700,000 CSH
PRIOR YEAR UNOBLIGATED AND FUNDING SOURCE: $666,396 CSD
PROPOSED FY 2003 OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: $35,794,000 DA
INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1998 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2013Summary: USAID's Infectious Disease Program is funding a multi-year effort to reduce the threat of infectious diseases of major public health importance by working in four priority areas: malaria, tuberculosis (TB), antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and surveillance. Categories of assistance funded under this strategic objective include:
- Designing, testing, improving and implementing tuberculosis prevention and control programs;
- Developing and implementing new malaria disease prevention, treatment and policy efforts;
- Strengthening disease surveillance systems by improving information systems, building the capability to detect diseases and respond appropriately, and make decisions based on data;
- Developing strategies to slow the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance primarily in pneumonia, diarrhea, sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis and malaria; and
- Working with a wide array of international and national partners in strengthening existing health systems to improve drug management, and infectious disease prevention, treatment and control programs.
Inputs, Outputs, and Activities: FY 2002 Program: In FY 2002, the Bureau for Global Health (GH) will continue to build and expand partnerships, support research and development of new methods and tools, and increase emphasis on field implementation through assistance to missions and regional bureaus related to AMR, malaria, TB and surveillance.
In TB, USAID will continue to provide assistance to recently established country programs. The programs seek to build the political commitment and local capacity to implement and sustain national Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course (DOTS) programs. Additionally, GH will continue to support the World Health Organization's (WHO) STOP TB Initiative, provide technical resources for the procurement and country-level activities of the Global Drug Facility, work on developing and disseminating best practices regarding TB prevention and control, and support tools to diagnose TB rapidly.
GH will also continue to work closely with USAID regional bureaus and missions to expand malaria control activities. In FY 2002, private sector partnerships for the commercial marketing of bednets will be expanded regionally in Africa, and treatment guidelines and policies for malaria in pregnant women will be further developed and begin to be implemented. In addition, USAID will focus on improving drug quality and drug use practice. Increased resources will also enable a more comprehensive approach to malaria vaccine development. These expanded efforts will complement ongoing malaria activities and will be focused largely in Africa, but will also include sub-regional efforts in South America and Southeast Asia.
Disease surveillance activities will be strengthened by increasing activities at the district level to complement the work of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and WHO at the regional and national level. USAID will continue to support CDC and WHO efforts in strengthening disease surveillance, while expanding activities into three new countries. In addition, USAID will work with the European Office of WHO on the regional dissemination of USAID's experience with strengthening immunization, disease, and health information systems. Building upon the recently developed WHO Global Strategy for the Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance, AMR activities will focus on global and country-level antimicrobial resistance advocacy, including the development of a model intervention package that will support the appropriate and judicious use of antimicrobials, and ensure the availability and supply of quality products.
Planned FY 2003 Program: USAID will continue its efforts to support national implementation of existing programs and increase the number of beneficiaries as part of the USAID expanded response to TB and malaria. TB activities will further support national implementation of TB prevention and control measures, while supporting capacity development to address the lack of TB technical expertise in the developed and developing world. Malaria programs will further expand the availability of insecticide treated bednets, improve prevention and treatment of malaria in pregnant women, and further accelerate vaccine development. USAID will continue to use its resources to implement and expand the application of appropriate drug management practices, especially within the purview of global disease trust funds, and to reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance. USAID will work closely with USAID missions and host countries to address critical constraints to effective disease surveillance and disseminate best practices.
Performance and Results: In TB, USAID has been supporting the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH) to develop a simple test for the rapid diagnosis of TB. The test is being prepared for field testing in several sites in Africa, Asia and the former Soviet Union. The USAID Child Health Research Project, in partnership with the Gorgas Memorial Institute, has adapted the DOTS TB treatment approach to Brazil. The program has achieved an 84% treatment success rate in a rural slum adjoining Rio de Janeiro - in a country with a 40% default rate of treatment completion. In the coming year, this program will expand to other parts of Rio.
If progress continues as expected, USAID hopes to see TB cure rates of 85% and detection rates of 70% in targeted countries as well as an increase in the number of countries that have implemented drug resistance surveillance and an expansion in the availability and appropriate use of new diagnostics for TB and malaria.
In partnership with CDC, malaria in pregnancy efforts in Malawi have led to 75% of pregnant women routinely receiving at least one dose of the antimalarial drug SP during pregnancy, and 30% receiving at least two doses. This has resulted in a reduction in low birth weight babies from 32% to 23%. Within Malawi, USAID is working to establish a "malaria and pregnancy" network to raise awareness and promote increased access to treatment. Initial safety trials of a new malaria vaccine have been completed in the U.S., and plans are underway for field evaluation in Kenya.
USAID is introducing Geographic Information System techniques to map the location of malaria cases in Maputo, Mozambique, which will enable the Ministry of Health to target resources to neighborhoods of greatest need. USAID also supported the development of the WHO Global Strategy for the Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance, which was released in the fall of 2001.
Major Contractors and Grantees: (1) Abt Associates; (2) Academy for Educational Development; (3) TB Coalition for Technical Assistance; (4) Camp Dresser & McKee; (5) Global Health Council; (6) Gorgas Memorial Institute; (7) National Institute for Health; (8) International Clinical Epidemiology Network; (9) JHPIEGO Corporation; (10) Johns Hopkins University; (11) Management Sciences for Health; (12) Maxygen; (13) PATH; (14) Naval Medical Research Institute; (14) University Research Corporation; (15) U.S. Pharmacopoeia Convention Inc.; (16) Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; (17) WHO; (18) CDC - subcontractors: Training in Epidemiology and Public Health Interventions Network.
US Financing in Thousands of Dollars
936-005 Increased use of effective interventions to reduce the threat of infectious diseases of major public health importance CSD CSH DA Through September 30, 2000 Obligations 50,786 0 250 Expenditures 27,395 0 250 Unliquidated 23,391 0 0 Fiscal Year 2001 Obligations 41,130 0 0 Expenditures 30,868 0 0 Through September 30, 2001 Obligations 91,916 0 250 Expenditures 58,263 0 250 Unliquidated 33,653 0 0 Prior Year Unobligated Funds Obligations 666 0 0 Planned Fiscal Year 2002 NOA Obligations 0 49,700 0 Total Planned Fiscal Year 2002 Obligations 666 49,700 0 Proposed Fiscal Year 2003 NOA Obligations 0 0 35,794 Future Obligations 0 0 286,352 Est. Total Cost 92,582 49,700 322,396
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Last Updated on: May 29, 2002 |
