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Center for Population, Health and Nutrition
>> Return to Home Page >> Central Programs >> Global Programs >> Population, Health and Nutrition ACTIVITY DATA SHEET
PROGRAM: Central Programs
TITLE AND NUMBER: Increased use of improved, effective and sustainable responses to reduce HIV transmission and to mitigate the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. 936-004
STATUS: Continuing
PLANNED FY 2001 OBLIGATONS AND FUNDING SOURCE: $61,131,000 CSD
PROPOSED FY 2002 OBLIGATIONS AND FUNDING SOURCE: $61,200,000 CSD
INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1996; ESTIMATED COMPLETION: ContinuingSummary: The spread of HIV has created a human tragedy of epic proportions, destroying families and endangering the economic and political stability of entire regions. Since the disease was first recognized in 1981, 57 million people have become infected with HIV worldwide. Nearly 22 million adults and children have already died of AIDS, including 3 million deaths in 1999 alone. Currently, 35 million people live with HIV. More than 13 million children under 15 have already lost one or both parents to AIDS and many millions more live in families affected by HIV/AIDS.
The USAID strategy to combat the pandemic, focuses on three proven approaches to HIV/AIDS prevention, each of which has had success in multiple country settings: (1) reducing high-risk actions through behavioral change interventions (BCI); (2) increasing demand for and access to condoms, mainly through condom social marketing (CSM) programs; and (3) treating and controlling sexually transmitted infections (STIs). At the same time, USAID has moved forward to mitigate the effect of the pandemic on individual lives and communities. The expanded program includes interventions to reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) and selected basic treatment, care and psychosocial support for HIV-infected individuals and their survivors, particularly orphans. The Global Bureau contributes to the Agency's response through service delivery projects that are funded through USAID Mission field support funds. In addition, G/PHN performs essential operations research to improve delivery of services, and funds critical partner organizations, such as UNAIDS, the U.S. Peace Corps, and the Bureau of Census. Within the G/PHN portfolio, about half of the Global Bureau's HIV/AIDS budget is directed at preventing HIV/AIDS, 30% at strengthening the capacity of host country public and private agencies to deliver services, 15% at caring for those affected and 5% on disease surveillance and monitoring program effectiveness and impact.
Key Results: In response to the changing face of the pandemic, USAID's HIV/AIDS strategy seeks to prevent HIV transmission and to reduce its impact on people and their communities. Combining mass media messages, intensive interpersonal behavior change strategies, increased access to condoms, and improved treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, USAID seeks to reduce risk behaviors and the efficiency of HIV transmission. The ultimate goal of program success is a measurable decrease in HIV prevalence in target populations (or nationally if sufficient resources are available). USAID aims to slow the increase of new infections in sub-Saharan Africa and stabilize or reduce HIV prevalence in the other three geographic regions.
Performance and Prospects: USAID country missions and G/PHN are working in 47 countries and six regional programs around the world to achieve the following results:
The HORIZONS project completed 25 operations research (OR) studies in 21 countries, which tested improved approaches for delivering HIV care and prevention. The results of these research studies will allow us to significantly expand antenatal services to reach thousands more pregnant women in Africa with HIV testing, antiretrovirals, and information on infant feeding practices to prevent HIV transmission to their babies; to work with HIV-infected parents before their deaths, as well as with foster parents, to help secure the future well being of AIDS orphans; and to optimize strategies for involving the private sector in HIV prevention in order to greatly expand the coverage of HIV/AIDS prevention programs In 2002, funds will continue to be allocated for completing and disseminating these findings, as well as increasing utilization of MTCT, care, and orphan interventions. In addition, in 2002, USAID would continue to fund efforts to support the ongoing development of promising candidate AIDS vaccines, to prevent HIV transmission, and microbicides, which will allow women to protect themselves from HIV infection.
In terms of global leadership, USAID's AIDSMark and IMPACT programs now support voluntary counseling and HIV testing sites in more than 15 countries - an increase of 10 from last reporting period. The Center promotes condom social marketing (CSM) programs in 18 countries; this number is up from the 13 CSM programs reported last year. Total condom sales in 2000 were 211 million. With the Center's support, the Bureau of the Census (BUCEN) continues to maintain and update the HIV/AIDS International Surveillance Database, which is a unique resource that is used by all international partners to track the HIV/AIDS pandemic and the impact of interventions. In 2002, the Center will work with the Bureau of Census to better predict future trends for the epidemic and the impact of program efforts. USAID presently supports 40 orphan/vulnerable children projects in 18 countries. In 2002, it will expand these support services for AIDS orphans, and will facilitate increased collaboration with PL480 Food for Peace programs to assure meeting basic nutritional needs. During 2000, 1000 Peace Corps Volunteers worked in HIV/AIDS projects in Africa, by helping 350 organizations with training provided to 70,000 host country nationals and assistance to 3,400 orphans. USAID is a founding member and major contributor to the International HIV/AIDS Alliance, which now provides capacity building assistance to local NGOs in 13 countries. In 2002, the Alliance will augment its capacity building efforts with community organizations in order to increase the quality and coverage of services to vulnerable populations. USAID continues to be the largest donor to UNAIDS. In 2002, increased funding will go to the UNAIDS International Partnership for AIDS in Africa and will focus on country level activities to build the capacity of African institutions and regional networks.
By providing technical support to the field, the Center directly helped programs in Brazil, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Nicaragua, and Peru. It also provided support to USAID's Asia/Near East (ANE), Africa, and Europe/Eurasia (E&E) Bureaus. This support will continue in FY 2002 and also target new ideas such as expanding voluntary testing and counseling, care for those infected, support for AIDS orphans, reducing mother-to-infant HIV transmission, and improving access to TB screening and prevention services.
Possible Adjustments to Plan: The recent increases in HIV/AIDS resources will enable USAID to mount a more intensive program effort for the core HIV/AIDS prevention activities, as well as support an expanded program which will include home and community based care and support for HIV infected persons, care of children affected by AIDS, interventions to reduce mother to child transmission, blood safety, and capacity and infrastructure development. In order to fulfill this mandate, the HIV/AIDS Division is hiring seven additional staff, who will primarily focus on providing technical training to build absorptive capacity at country level and to better monitor and evaluate country strategies and activities and then to assist in the refinement of these efforts.
Other Donor Programs: USAID closely collaborates with other major donors, such as the World Bank, the European Union, and the Governments of the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Sweden, Germany, Canada, and Japan, to coordinate country programs and increase their effectiveness. USAID has also recently developed a partnership with the Elisabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, working on mother-to-child HIV transmission. In Uganda, this collaboration increased HIV testing of pregnant women from 48% to 80% of women seeking prenatal services.
Major Contractor and Grantees: Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Family Health International, Global Health Council, International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Population Reference Bureau, Population Services International, Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, TvT Associates, U.S. Bureau of Census, U.S. Peace Corps, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., Eastern Virginia Medical School, International Center for Research on Women, TvT Associates, World Health Organization (WHO). In FY 2001, the Center plans a competitive procurement for an organization to manage a small grants mechanism for HIVAIDS. In FY 2002, three new awards are planned. One will involve a mechanism to work with faith based organizations to provide assistance in the areas of HIV/AIDS care and support; development of a world-wide competition for HIV/AIDS commodies; and an award for an organization to provide assistance in HIV/AIDS training.
Performance Measure Indicators:Indicator Information
Indicator FY97 (Actual) FY98 (Actual) FY99 (Actual) FY00 (Actual) FY01 (Plan) FY02 (Plan) Indicator 1: Estimated HIV prevalence rates: ANE 0.31 NA 0.36 0.33 0.49 0.54 Indicator 2 Estimated HIV prevalence rates: AFR 7.41 NA 8.0 8.8 9.48 10.3 Indicator 3: Estimated HIV prevalence rates: E&E 0.14 NA 0.14 0.35 0.34 0.4 Indicator 4: Estimated HIV prevalence rates: LAC 0.60 NA 0.66 0.61 0.80 0.82 Indicator 5: Percent of select group reporting barrier method use during the most recent act of sexual intercourse with a non-regular sex partner: Female NA 65 37 38 80 82 Indicator 6: Percent of select group reporting barrier method use during the most recent act of sexual intercourse with a non-regular sex partner: Male NA 45 52 40 60 62 Indicator 7: Total Volume of Condoms Sold NA 4.4 37.9 65.9 58.0 65.5
Indicator Level (S)or(IR) Unit of Measure Source Indicator Description Indicator 1: IR Percent ANE UNAIDS/US Bureau of Census Indicator 2: IR Percent AFR UNAIDS/US Bureau of Census Indicator 3: IR Percent E&E UNAIDS/US Bureau of Census Indicator 4: IR Percent LAC UNAIDS/US Bureau of Census Indicator 5: IR Percent: Female DHS, BSS, PSI Indicator 6. IR Percent: Male DHS, BSS, PSI Indicator 7: IR Units sold Population Services International U.S. Financing
(In thousands of dollars)
Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, 1999 37,452 DA 37,452 DA 0 DA 113,166 CSD 95,405 CSD 17,761 CSD 0 ESF 0 ESF 0 ESF 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 DFA 0 DFA 0 DFA Fiscal Year 2000 0 DA 0 DA 38,993 CSD 23,942 CSD 0 ESF 0 ESF 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 DFA 0 DFA Through September 30, 2000 37,452 DA 37,452 DA 0 DA 152,159 CSD 119,347 CSD 32,812 CSD 0 ESF 0 ESF 0 ESF 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 DFA 0 DFA 0 DFA Prior Year Unobligated Funds 0 DA 260 CSD 0 ESF 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 DFA Planned Fiscal Year 2001 NOA 0 DA 61,131 CSD 0 ESF 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 DFA Total Planned Fiscal Year 2001 0 DA 61,391 CSD 0 ESF 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 DFA Future Obligations Est. Total Cost Proposed Fiscal Year 2002 NOA 0 DA 0 DA 37,452 DA 61,200 CSD 761,169 CSD 1,035,919 CSD 0 ESF 0 ESF 0 ESF 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 DFA 0 DFA 0 DFA
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Last Updated on: May 29, 2002 |
