USAID: Sudan FY 2002 Congressional Budget Justification

PROGRAM: Sudan
TITLE & NUMBER: Enhanced Food Security through Greater Reliance on Local Resources, 650-002
STATUS: New
PLANNED FY 2001 OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: $1,500,000 DA
PROPOSED FY 2002 OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: $2,000,000 DA
INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 2001 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2003

Summary: The combined effect of prolonged conflict and frequent drought has significantly eroded the ability of Sudanese, particularly in areas outside GOS control, to meet their own food needs. Population displacement-whether due to lack of availability of food and water or to civilian bombing and other fears of violence-has compounded the problems, as access to resources, such as grazing and farming lands and water, have become increasingly scarce in some areas. As a result, traditional coping mechanisms have been significantly diminished or have vanished altogether, and dependency on international humanitarian assistance has increased.

USAID addresses Sudanese capacities in southern and eastern Sudan to achieve food self-reliance by restoring and increasing traditional food production, increasing market demand and access for local sources of food, and providing access to start-up capital. While USAID continues to provide emergency food to drought and conflict-affected areas of Sudan (which received $36.4 million of P.L.480 Title II emergency food aid in FY 2000), the emphasis is on decreasing reliance on external food aid and on supporting and encouraging local abilities in self-reliance and disaster mitigation. USAID support for sector studies (undertaken by joint civil authority-civil society teams) will strengthen sustainable utilization and management of natural resources, including water, livestock, agriculture, indigenous foods, forestry, minerals and fisheries.

In FY 2001, $1,150,000 in economic growth funds and $350,000 in environment funds will be used in this Strategic Objective.

Requested resources for FY 2002 are DA $2,000,000 and activities are expected to continue as described above and intensify slightly to emphasize increasing local production of food, increased use of markets and trade in meeting local needs.

Key Results: In 2000, USAID efforts helped to strengthen food security by increasing local production of food in target areas, which also increased acreage under cultivation per farmer, increased farmer access to higher yield seeds, improved grain storage techniques, increased local production of inputs and provided more timely delivery of inputs. Market demand and market access were both improved through rehabilitation of key roads linking northern Uganda with southwestern Sudan and through strengthening agricultural cooperatives.

Performance and Prospects: Rehabilitation of infrastructure and capacity-building assistance to 48 local organizations and cooperatives has resulted in: 10 cooperatives running grinding mills which generate a monthly average of 11 metric tons of flour and $400 in revenues per mill; 5 wholesale shops established with an average of $4,000 per month in income; and 5 transport associations established with $3,000 in average monthly income. USAID assistance also helped create two farmers' associations and one grain sales activity that sold 20 metric tons to non-governmental organizations. Community-based animal health programs resulted in significant increases in cattle vaccinations.

Despite this progress, the situation in southern Sudan remains fragile. Drought and insecurity continue to hamper food production and other economic activities. As a result, the need for emergency food and related non-food assistance will continue for some time, given the displacement of civilian populations, the depletion of assets and resulting high levels of destitution and malnutrition in some areas.

Prospects for enhancing household food security are good in stable areas of southern and eastern Sudan but less favorable in areas of increased conflict, particularly around the oil fields. USAID will continue to look for ways to address key constraints to market access, including additional road rehabilitation, where feasible. Data analysis, pilot activities and applied research will provide information and alternatives on how to utilize Sudanese agricultural and natural resources more effectively before, during and after transition. These activities will also help to better target emergency food distribution, therefore enhancing the distribution of overall food security in opposition-held areas.

Possible Adjustments to Plans: There are no adjustments planned at this time. However, as opposition-held areas are stabilized, USAID will continue to look for new and creative ways of enhancing local self-reliance in food security.

Other Donor Programs: USAID is the only donor providing development assistance to promote longer-term food self-reliance in opposition-held areas of Sudan. Other donors do provide humanitarian food assistance both to opposition-held areas as well as to GOS-controlled areas. Economic assistance to the GOS is being provided by the European Union and the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development.

Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: Catholic Relief Services, Food and Agriculture Organization, World Food Program, Adventist Development Relief Association, Lutheran World Relief, Norwegian People's Aid, International Rescue Committee, Save the Children, CARE, Concern Worldwide, Participating Agencies Collaborating Together, and the Organization for African Unity's Inter-Governmental Bureau on Animal Resources.

Selected Performance Measures: This is a new Strategic Objective. Performance measures are being developed.

U.S. Financing

(In thousands of dollars)

	Obligations		Expenditures		Unliquidated
Through September 30, 1999	0	DA	0	DA	0	DA
	0	CSD	0	CSD	0	CSD
	0	ESF	0	ESF	0	ESF
	0	SEED	0	SEED	0	SEED
	0	FSA	0	FSA	0	FSA
	0	DFA	0	DFA	0	DFA
Fiscal Year 2000	0	DA	0	DA
	0	CSD	0	CSD
	0	ESF	0	ESF
	0	SEED	0	SEED
	0	FSA	0	FSA
	0	DFA	0	DFA
Through September 30, 2000	0	DA	0	DA	0	DA
	0	CSD	0	CSD	0	CSD
	0	ESF	0	ESF	0	ESF
	0	SEED	0	SEED	0	SEED
	0	FSA	0	FSA	0	FSA
	0	DFA	0	DFA	0	DFA
Prior Year Unobligated Funds	0	DA
	0	CSD
	0	ESF
	0	SEED
	0	FSA
	0	DFA
Planned Fiscal Year 2001 NOA	1,500	DA
	0	CSD
	0	ESF
	0	SEED
	0	FSA
	0	DFA
Total Planned Fiscal Year 2001	1,500	DA
	0	CSD
	0	ESF
	0	SEED
	0	FSA
	0	DFA
			Future Obligations		Est. Total Cost
Proposed Fiscal Year 2002 NOA	2,000	DA	2,000	DA	5,500	DA
	0	CSD	0	CSD	0	CSD
	0	ESF	0	ESF	0	ESF
	0	SEED	0	SEED	0	SEED
	0	FSA	0	FSA	0	FSA
	0	DFA	0	DFA	0	DFA

SUDAN

Activity Data Sheet

U.S. Financing