USAID: Sudan FY 2002 Congressional Budget Justification

PROGRAM: Sudan
TITLE AND NUMBER: Enhanced Environment for Conflict Reduction, 650-001
STATUS: New
PLANNED FY 2001 OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: $1,500,000 DA
PROPOSED FY 2002 OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: $2,000,000 DA
INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 2001 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2003

Summary: Sudan is characterized by internal conflict. While civil war among predominantly southern Christian and animist rebel forces and predominantly northern Arab and Muslim government forces has received widespread international attention, there is also considerable conflict within the various southern forces as well. Some of this "south-south" conflict is based on traditional rivalries, exacerbated by drought-induced population movements and competition for scarce resources. In addition, northern factions have successfully exploited south-south tensions in recent years as a means of delaying any peaceful north-south resolution to the civil war. As conflicts have dragged on for years, as allegiances have been made and broken frequently, and modern weaponry has become readily available, traditional coping and negotiating mechanisms have fallen into disuse.

USAID's objective focuses on strengthening peace-building systems and building good governance capacities. At the national level, USAID will continue to support diplomatic efforts to promote a comprehensive negotiated settlement. At the regional (southern and eastern Sudan) level, USAID will address people-to-people reconciliation. Efforts will include the promotion of civilian participation in civil administration, facilitating resettlement of displaced communities (including negotiated access to such resources as livestock grazing and water), implementing social and economic rehabilitation in stable areas (to ensure a greater sense of security and self-reliance for all), and increasing access to information, education and communications to populations throughout areas outside GOS control.

In FY 2001, Development Assistance (DA) funds ($520,000 in democracy and governance funds and $980,000 in economic growth funds) will be used in this program.

Requested resources for FY 2002 are DA $2,000,000 and activities are expected to continue as described above and intensify slightly to focus on developing local capacities for peace-building, for good governance at the local level (non-GOS), and for increased access to information, education and communication.

Key Results: In FY 2000, USAID expanded development assistance into stable areas of eastern Sudan controlled by local civil administration. Training and infrastructure rehabilitation was expanded throughout opposition-held areas in the health, education and justice sectors. These new sectors expand ongoing efforts in local governance and economic rehabilitation.

Performance and Prospects: Peace-building conferences have resulted in an opposition-convened forum concluding peace negotiating frameworks and approaches, and two major inter-faith efforts which reconciled local communities.

Civil administration training was provided to 100 local authorities in newly-stable opposition-controlled areas of southern Sudan in FY 2000. Training included leadership, community development, humanitarian principles, functional literacy and basic fiscal management. Civil authorities in a number of opposition-controlled areas have made better-than-expected progress in facilitating peace-building, establishing good governance practices and developing civil society-led economic recovery initiatives. In addition, civil society-civil authority partnerships, structured as democratically-elected county development committees, have formulated local rehabilitation priorities and coordinated the collection and disbursement of revolving USAID loan capital. USAID has trained all of these local committees in organizational policy and administrative systems development as well as in participatory techniques.

In Rumbek, reconstruction of the highly symbolic Rumbek Secondary School was begun in October 2000; completion of the first phase of work is expected in April 2001 with the repair of 15 classrooms, 8 offices, 2 laboratories, 2 dormitories, a 4-room administration block and a library.

In FY 2001, USAID will continue to address the immediate needs of war-displaced populations while continuing to build longer-term Sudanese capacity to avoid more serious humanitarian crises. Both drought and conflict will continue to present challenges to the longer-term focus of the USAID development assistance; however, continued strong coordination between humanitarian and development assistance is expected to minimize disruptions to the development program.

Possible Adjustments to Plans: USAID will explore a supportive role for ending the abduction of women and children, particularly in northern Bahr el Ghazal. As opposition-held areas are stabilized, USAID will continue to look for new and creative ways of reducing conflicts and facilitating long-term conflict prevention and resolution mechanisms.

Other Donor Programs: Norway, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Australia and Canada all contribute to governance and peace-building activities in Sudan. The European Union funds activities designed to enhance the management capacity of civil society groups in GOS-controlled areas.

Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: Catholic Relief Services, Christian Aid, Inter-Governmental authority on Development (IGAD), International Rescue Committee, Reflection and Development Centre in Eastern and Southern Africa (MWENGO), Forum on Early Warning and Early Response (FEWER), Participating Agencies Collaborating Together (PACT) and UNICEF.

Selected Performance Measures: This is a new strategic objective. Performance measures are being developed.

U.S. Financing

(In thousands of dollars)

	Obligations		Expenditures		Unliquidated
Through September 30, 1999	0	DA	0	DA	0	DA
	0	CSD	0	CSD	0	CSD
	0	ESF	0	ESF	0	ESF
	0	SEED	0	SEED	0	SEED
	0	FSA	0	FSA	0	FSA
	0	DFA	0	DFA	0	DFA
Fiscal Year 2000	0	DA	0	DA
	0	CSD	0	CSD
	0	ESF	0	ESF
	0	SEED	0	SEED
	0	FSA	0	FSA
	0	DFA	0	DFA
Through September 30, 2000	0	DA	0	DA	0	DA
	0	CSD	0	CSD	0	CSD
	0	ESF	0	ESF	0	ESF
	0	SEED	0	SEED	0	SEED
	0	FSA	0	FSA	0	FSA
	0	DFA	0	DFA	0	DFA
Prior Year Unobligated Funds	0	DA
	0	CSD
	0	ESF
	0	SEED
	0	FSA
	0	DFA
Planned Fiscal Year 2001 NOA	1,500	DA
	0	CSD
	0	ESF
	0	SEED
	0	FSA
	0	DFA
Total Planned Fiscal Year 2001	1,500	DA
	0	CSD
	0	ESF
	0	SEED
	0	FSA
	0	DFA
			Future Obligations		Est. Total Cost
Proposed Fiscal Year 2002 NOA	2,000	DA	2,000	DA	5,500	DA
	0	CSD	0	CSD	0	CSD
	0	ESF	0	ESF	0	ESF
	0	SEED	0	SEED	0	SEED
	0	FSA	0	FSA	0	FSA
	0	DFA	0	DFA	0	DFA

SUDAN

Activity Data Sheet

U.S. Financing