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Budget Justification
FY 2001
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Last updated: 08
OFFICE OF TRANSITION INITIATIVES
938-4497. Indonesia Transition Program
U.S. Financing Table for 938-4497 (Microsoft Excel Document - 27 kb)
After suffering natural disasters that destroyed croplands and a crippling economic crisis, Indonesia lost much of its capacity to provide for even basic needs of millions of citizens. The civil unrest that followed took a turn for the worse when nation-wide riots erupted after security forces killed several students following three months of peaceful demonstrations in early 1998. National and international pressure led to the resignation of President Suharto on May 21, 1998. On that USAID's Office same day, after 32 years of authoritarian rule, Suharto transferred the power of the presidency to B.J. Habibie. On July 9, 1998, the U.S. Ambassador to Indonesia declared that an economic and political emergency existed nationwide. He requested disaster assistance from of Transition Initiatives (OTI) and an OTI/Indonesia program was immediately established. Subsequently, $3 million of IDA funds were obligated for OTI programs in 1998. In FY 1999, an additional $1.7 million of International Disaster Assistance (IDA) funds were obligated for OTI/Indonesia programs, as well as $15 million of Development Assistance (DA) funds in response to a Congressional earmark. In the summer of 1999, Wahid was elected and East Timor's independence was assured by an Act of Parliament in the Fall of 1999. The DA funds were used to help jump-start the transition toward peaceful democratic change in response to more volatile and frequent demonstrations and rioting.
968-6613. Transition to Peace
U.S. Financing Table for 968-6613 (Microsoft Excel Document - 21 kb)
The U.S. Government has been, and expects to continue to be, the largest donor of humanitarian relief assistance to Sierra Leone. In 1997 USAID's Office of Transition Initiatives (OTI) began a program in Sierra Leone, funded with $1.0 million in Development Fund for Africa (DFA), to help Sierra Leoneans address the root causes of the conflict through political reform and reconciliation. OTI operations were suspended in June 1997 following the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC) coup, but resumed in June 1998 after the reinstatement of democracy. Since then, OTI's programming has been focused on two primary areas: Leadership, Dialogue, and Communication for peace through targeted support to civil society organizations; and Technical Assistance to the Government of Sierra Leone (GOSL). OTI activities are now supporting implementation of the Lome Peace Agreement through: (1) Continued support to civil society organizations to enhance dialogue, build confidence among stakeholders, and create an enabling environment for reintegration and reconciliation; (2) Provision of technical assistance to the GOSL on the implementation of specific aspects of the Peace Accord; and (3) Development of a nationwide, non-formal education campaign for disenfranchised youth to support demobilization, reintegration, and reconciliation. OTI's total funding to Sierra Leone in FY 1999 was $1,031,811. Planned funding for FY 2000 is $2,750,000.
It is important to note that USAID's ongoing relief and recovery programs also directly support the demobilization and reintegration of former combatants to the communities to which the former combatants will return. Relief food, food-for-work projects, seeds and tools programs, and other USAID assistance will be expanded into previously insecure areas and will assist the people of Sierra Leone, including former combatants, as they work to rebuild their communities and their lives. USAID programs will help reunify children with their parents and will assist in facilitating dialogue and confidence among communities, former enemies, and all of the stakeholders to the Lome Accord.
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Last Updated on: January 25, 2001 |
