Cambodia

FY 2001 Program Description and Activity Data Sheets

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FY 2001 Program The direction and scope of USAID's FY 2001 program is largely dependent on the size of the budget and on whether or not restrictions on working with the RGC are lifted. Much of the program will continue unchanged, with program emphasis on democracy and human rights, reproductive and child health, HIV/AIDS prevention, war and mine victims and microfinance. Since FY 1998, USAID's operating year budget (OYB) has been approximately 25% below the amount planned in the Congressional Presentation. If that reduced level continues in FY 2001, it will be necessary to make significant program reductions to reflect this lower level of funding. In democracy, USAID-supported NGOs will continue strengthening local NGOs engaged in protecting human rights, furthering public policy making, building civil society, sustaining the political process, and modifying the behavior of public servants to better promote pluralism and mutual co-existence. If re-engagement with the RGC is possible, activities to rehabilitate and nurture the judiciary, national legislature, local-level governance and electoral institutions will be emphasized. In the health sector, NGOs will continue activities to expand supply, increase access and strengthen demand for reproductive and child health services. If the OYB remains at the level of the past three years, activities will be cut back by 50%, and funds will be sufficient to continue only three of our current seven grantee partners. In FY 2001 USAID's NGO partners will support the RGC's comprehensive national HIV/AIDS prevention plan by providing strategically targeted basic HIV/AIDS education and behavior change prevention information and condom promotion to at-risk communities in four key provinces, by strengthening local NGOs in HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and support, and by disseminating information to policy makers about the epidemic in Cambodia. In addition, a model for STI and reproductive health service delivery programs for at-risk populations will be developed. Following a review of USAID's role in the war and mine victims assistance sector, USAID assistance will focus on capacity-building for provision of prosthetics and orthotics, vocational training, and strengthening non-governmental coordination for the disabled. In microfinance, USAID-supported NGOs will continue to expand the number of clients receiving loans and the total amount of loans. In addition, attention will be focused on enhancing the enabling environment in which microfinance organizations operate. If the OYB remains at the level of the past three years, this group of activities will be redefined as humanitarian assistance rather than economic growth and will be combined with the assistance to war and mine victims' activities. ACTIVITY DATA SHEET PROGRAM: Cambodia TITLE AND NUMBER: Strengthened Democratic Processes and Respect for Human Rights, 442-001 STATUS: Continuing PLANNED FY 2000 OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: $4,000,000 ESF PROPOSED FY 2001 OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: $8,000,000 ESF INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1992 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2002 Summary: The purpose of this Strategic Objective (SO) is to rebuild Cambodia as a democratic society, after the decimation of its institutions during almost 30 years of civil strife and warfare. Over the past year the political climate has been the most peaceful of the last three decades. A coalition government is working, Khmer Rouge trials are on the docket, and membership in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the United Nations has been achieved. The setting is auspicious for significant progress. USAID has steadfastly hammered away at adherence to the rule of law, improvement in human rights and the status of women and children and a strengthened role for civil society. USAID-supported organizations have shown robust determination to resist any backslide to the political past and persist with patient efforts to advance human rights values and democratic processes. The long-term solution will not come in a day or a year but will take an extended commitment by donors and Cambodians alike. Key Results: Three intermediate results are critical for meeting this SO: (1) Human Rights: strengthening and nurturing local human rights and civil society organizations so that they are sustainable and have greater impact on reducing human rights abuses and creating conditions for equity and justice; (2) Legal sector: increased adherence to the rule of law and the upholding of citizens rights through the provision of public defender services, which helps to reduce violations of due process and other abuses of the legal system; and (3) Elections: multi-party local level elections planned for 2000 should be open, fair, and transparent. Performance and Prospects: An independent assessment of this SO was conducted over the past year. The assessment acknowledged "very substantial achievements in the fight for human rights and in the difficult battles surrounding legal rights and defense of the poor." A high profile case involving jailed workers of a human rights NGO was successfully resolved. A widely criticized article of the constitution, which allows impunity for public officials, was revised positively. In human rights education, one-third of the primary and secondary teachers nationwide have received training. Human rights monitoring now covers almost 97% of the total population. Effective media campaigns have been launched to highlight and combat domestic violence, which affects one out of six Cambodian households. In addition, comprehensive services are provided to victims of sexual trafficking, rape and domestic violence. USAID-supported civil society and human rights NGOs are leading the battles against land confiscation and other land rights issues, corruption and degradation of the environment. In FY 2000, USAID will begin work with ACILS and the Department of Labor to improve working conditions in the textile and apparel industry through support for the development of effective trade unions. Funds will also be used to support monitoring of adherence to the labor code by Cambodian companies. FY 2001 resources will be used to strengthen the areas discussed above, e.g., FY 2001 funds will be used to continue to support local organizations engaged in protecting human rights, furthering public policy making, and implementing nationwide good governance programs aimed at the local level. This SO is on track to meet its targets and benchmarks by the end of FY 2002. Possible Adjustments to Plans: The democracy sector assessment encouraged USAID to engage the Royal Government of Cambodia as soon as legislative restrictions were lifted. When USAID is allowed to reengage fully with the Cambodian government, there are several activities that should be undertaken to strengthen the rule of law. Training programs for judges, prosecutors and court support staff are urgently needed, and the judiciary, as an institution, needs to be strengthened in order to enhance the balance of power and end a "culture of impunity." In addition, the National Assembly and the Senate remain weak institutions. With re-engagement, USAID would work with these and other institutions on strengthening and expanding political processes. There is considerable uncertainty about the timing of the important upcoming communal elections. Should these be called toward the end of FY 2000 rather than later in FY 2001, USAID will want to be in a position to support these local elections in order to spread the growth in democratically based institutions to the local level where much of government's interaction with citizens takes place. Other Donor Programs: The United States, Japan, France, Australia, Sweden, Canada, Germany, the European Union and various United Nations agencies, especially the United Nations Human Rights Commission and the United Nations Development Program, are the major donors working in the democracy sector in Cambodia. Coordination of assistance plans and activities between the donors in specific areas has been good. Although many human rights and democracy activities are funded by multiple donors, coordination is generally excellent. Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: Current grantees include The Asia Foundation, International Human Rights Law Group, Private Agencies Collaborating Together, ACILS, and the University of San Francisco. Selected Performance Measures: Baseline (1998) Actual (1999) Target (2000) Target (2001) Lawyers/public defenders providing access to services for the accused poor in 80% of courts country-wide 46% 87% 90% 90% Increased sustainability of targeted indigenous human rights and civil society organizations 4 (1998) 9 10 11 Percent of human rights abuses reported and investigated that were successfully resolved 24% (1996) 37% 45% 50% Number of criminal and civil cases handled by defenders and lawyers to final disposition 193 (1995) 614 700 - 800 850 U.S. Finance Table (Microsoft Excel) ACTIVITY DATA SHEET PROGRAM: Cambodia TITLE AND NUMBER: Improved Reproductive and Child Health, 442-002 STATUS: Continuing PLANNED FY 2000 OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: $1,500,000 CSD; $4,000,000 ESF PROPOSED FY 2001 OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: $7,000,000 ESF INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1995 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2002 Summary: Burdened with some of the worst health indicators in Asia, Cambodia is still struggling to translate its new found political stability into substantial progress in health sector development. USAID assistance in the sector is implemented entirely by non-governmental organizations and focuses on specific target areas of rural Cambodia. After reexamining the scope of activities currently implemented as contrasted with those envisioned at the outset of the strategic objective in 1995, USAID and its partners revised the results framework to ensure it accurately reflects current needs and activities and more accurately measures their performance. Additionally, since the strategic objective is being extended to FY 2002, a review of the best role for USAID activities over the next several years will be conducted in the coming months. All available data point toward a tremendous need for continued USAID assistance, particularly given recent information suggesting an increase in child and infant mortality over the past five years, increases in multi-drug resistant malaria, alarmingly high anemia and malnutrition rates, and the high unmet demand for family planning. Key Results: The three key results for this objective are: (1) expanded supply of reproductive and child health services; (2) increased access to reproductive and child health services; and (3) strengthened demand for reproductive and child health services. Performance and Prospects: Positive performance over the past year on this objective has been solid. Recently, in a testament to the success of specific activities conducted by USAID implementing partners in target areas through village development committees, the RGC has incorporated partner-generated ideas and operating procedures into its national rural development policy. Nationwide, 1,500 referral, midlevel and health center directors and pharmacists have been trained in logistics management practices and procedures. Ongoing monitoring activities ensure their continued use and will maximize the benefits of a reliable drug and commodity supply. Through a combination of an innovative family-level water filtration system and hand pump installation activities of an implementing partner in northeastern Cambodia, an additional 24,000 persons have access to safe water - an increase of 50% over the beginning of the year. Employing CSD funds, USAID's condom social marketing program has again exceeded its target, with year-to-date sales of 11.8 million - 13% higher than last year's sales at the same point in time. Also using CSD funds, USAID's major clinical reproductive health implementing partner has seen an increase of 15% in its STD/reproductive health caseload for the first half of 1999, indicative of the increasing demand for quality STD care services and the high burden of STD in the country. With child survival funds, it has expanded antenatal care services. Finally, in collaboration with UNICEF and United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA), USAID is co-funding the first-ever Demographic and Health Survey in Cambodia. The survey will provide the first province-level estimates for a wide range of health as well as other social indicators. As a result of these activities, the population of the target areas has benefited directly from the expanded supply, increased access and strengthened demand for reproductive and child health services. Moreover, national level impact has been achieved in logistics management practices and rural development policies - particularly noteworthy as these effects will continue to garner benefits for years to come. FY 2001 requested resources will be used to expand and strengthen the activities noted above. Vitamin A activities targeted to children under age 5 will be expanded. In addition, USAID will support the implementation of a national salt iodization program and will socially market this critically important micronutrient to the underserved populations at highest risk for iodine deficiency disorder. USAID will also continue to provide support for quality improvements at the health facility level aimed at issues such at antenatal care, breastfeeding and tetanus vaccination. In addition, with Reproductive and Child Alliance (RACHA) support, guidelines for clinical management of safe motherhood and reproductive health services will be implemented. Possible Adjustments to Plans: Since this strategic objective is being extended in anticipation of more stable funding levels, which will make a new strategic approach feasible, USAID plans to review its approach to reproductive and child health to ensure that its activities correspond to the Ministry of Health's (MOH) plans and complement the activities of other donors. Adjustments to the plan may be necessary depending on funding levels secured for the subsequent fiscal year. Other Donor Programs: The World Health Organization (WHO) supports infectious disease and national-level vector control programs. In addition, WHO provides technical advisors for health sector reform and the provincial health management teams in several provinces. The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) supports the national immunization and essential drugs programs, as well as provincial health advisors in four provinces. UNICEF and WHO, together with the MOH, continue to support introduction and adaptation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness initiative, with pilot tests beginning in early 2000. The UNFPA, with EU funding, implements a youth reproductive health project implemented by seven local and international non-governmental organizations. UNFPA also supports continuing analyses of the 1998 national census data. The World Bank and Asian Development Bank support provincial-level health systems strengthening projects in 11 and four provinces and municipalities respectively. GTZ provides technical support to the National Institute of Public Health. AusAID provides technical support for primary health care activities at the provincial level. A coordination committee of government, donor, international and implementing agencies meets monthly for joint review, planning and monitoring of health activities. Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: USAID/Cambodia implements its RCH activities through U.S., international, and local NGOs and centrally-managed cooperating agencies. Grantees include CARE International, Helen Keller International, Medecins Sans Frontieres, Partners for Development, Reproductive Health Association of Cambodia, Population Services International, and World Vision International. Global Bureau partners include AVSC International and John Snow, Inc. Selected Performance Measures: Baseline Actual (1999) Target (2000) Target (2001)* Infant mortality rate 115 (1995) 89 87 -- Under-five mortality rate 181 (1995) 115 112 -- Modern method contraceptive prevalence rate (among married women of reproductive age) 7% (1995) 16% 18% -- Percentage of health centers in target areas with satisfactory levels of stock on hand 0% (1999) 0% 40% 80% Sales of Number One condoms 5 million (1995) 12.9 million (est) 14.0 million 15.5 million * There are no plans to measure infant mortality, under-five mortality or contraceptive prevalence in 2001. U.S. Finance Table (Microsoft Excel) ACTIVITY DATA SHEET PROGRAM: Cambodia TITLE AND NUMBER: Enhanced Assistance for War and Mine Victims, 442-004 STATUS: Continuing PLANNED FY 2000 OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: $1,000,000 ESF PROPOSED FY 2001 OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: $1,500,000 ESF INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1993 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2001 Summary: Cambodia's tragic history of war and civil unrest has resulted in an estimated 158,000 disabled persons (of whom 45,000 are land mine amputees), 200,000 impoverished youth and war orphans and 600,000 widows. These individuals face tremendous social and physical barriers hampering their effective participation in family life and in productive social and economic activities. In addition to the problem of large numbers of war-affected individuals, an inadequate health care system, widespread poverty and lack of a social safety net conspire to push war and mine victims to the extreme margins of Cambodian society. USAID partners implement rehabilitation, training, and service provision activities to allow these individuals to participate more fully in society and to lead productive lives. In addition, USAID implementing partners have been instrumental in the formation of 15 specialized coordination and training mechanisms to address the different activities in this sector. Given the limited capacity of the RGC and other Cambodian institutions, support for war and mine victims will require significant international donor and NGO assistance for some time to come. Key Results: The two key results for this special objective are: (1) increasing access to rehabilitation care and job training, and (2) establishing 10 functional coordinating and training mechanisms in government agencies and NGOs. Performance and Prospects: Overall performance under this special objective has been good. Fifteen networks, sub-committees or other support groups facilitate and coordinate assistance to war and mine victims as opposed to the 10 that were originally envisioned. Similar success was seen with prostheses and orthotics: 4,932 new and replacement prosthetic and orthotic devices were manufactured and fitted, including appropriate follow-up for patients, 26% above the annual target for 1999. The number of mental health care patient consultations was a target for this final year of activity, with a cumulative total of over 2,800 patients receiving a consultation or treatment by the end of the project in 1999. Vocational training for orphans met expectations with 886 students enrolled in training courses in 1999 and a cumulative total of over 1,640 students. Over the coming years, as more Cambodians become aware of the support services available, utilization of available prosthetics and orthotics services and vocational training opportunities is likely to increase. Possible Adjustments to Plans: A review of USAID's role in the war and mine victims sector was conducted this past year. Based on that assessment, future assistance will focus on provision of prosthetics and orthotics, especially on indigenous capacity-building and coordination within the sector and on vocational training. Mental health care activities will cease. Other Donor Programs: Japan, Australia, Germany and UNESCO provide support for vocational training initiatives. The European Union, Australia, UNICEF, and the International Committee of the Red Cross provide support for rehabilitation programs. The International Organization on Migration provides assistance for a mental health training program. The World Food Program provides food-for-work programs. The United Nations High Commission for Refugees provides assistance for internally displaced persons while the Asian Development Bank and Canada provide support for small-scale economic activities. The United Kingdom provides technical assistance for demining activities. Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: Current USAID grantees include Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation, American Red Cross, Salesian Mission, and Handicap International. Selected Performance Measures: Baseline Actual (1999) Target (2000) Target (2001) Number of assistive devices provided 2,077 (1996) 4,932 3,468 3,872 Number of patients who have received mental health treatment* 1,915 (1995) 2,835 not applicable not applicable Cumulative number of orphans and disabled enrolled in courses 235 (1995) 1,645 1,745 not available Number of coordinating mechanisms in-place 0 (1995) 15 10 10 * Mental health service provision activities ceased at the end of CY 1999. U.S. Finance Table (Microsoft Excel) ACTIVITY DATA SHEET PROGRAM: Cambodia TITLE AND NUMBER: Reduced Transmission of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) and HIV/AIDS in High-Risk Populations, 442-005 STATUS: Continuing PLANNED FY 2000 OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: $2,050,000 CSD PROPOSED FY 2001 OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: $2,500,000 ESF INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1998 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2002 Summary: Cambodia is the scene of one of the most rapidly progressing AIDS epidemics in Asia. The first HIV infections were detected only in 1991. Alarmingly, by the beginning of 1999, 200,000 Cambodians were estimated to be HIV positive. Latest-available seroprevalence data indicate that the epidemic is still concentrated in high-risk populations such as commercial sex workers (43% HIV positive in 1998) and their clients, but that it is beginning to spread to the general population (2.4% of married women were HIV positive in 1998). Estimates of HIV infection rates as high as 3.7% of the general adult population have been made. To head off an explosive spread of the epidemic in the general population, USAID's interventions focus on behavior change interventions in high-risk populations coupled with improved quality of and access to STD care for low- and high-risk populations. A particularly important target group is the individuals (mainly men such as police officers and military personnel) who form bridges between the high-risk groups and the general population. Key Results: The three key intermediate results for the special objective are: (1) policy makers are informed about the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Cambodia; (2) high-risk behaviors are reduced in the target areas; and (3) sexually transmitted disease (STD) and reproductive health service delivery programs for high-risk populations are piloted and replicated in the target areas. Performance and Prospects: Overall performance on this special objective has been good, given the relatively recent commencement of activities. Due to unexpectedly low capacity among local partner organizations, the selection of sub-grantee partners has required more effort than originally anticipated. Nevertheless, in the past year, a baseline assessment was conducted of Cambodia's efforts on the policy front to confront AIDS, with reassuringly positive results especially in terms of government commitment. In spite of the relatively low capacity of local organizations, sub-grant agreements have been finalized with seven local implementing agencies. The group of core trainers from local implementing agencies has just completed training outreach workers and peer educators who will work with the target high-risk populations. The first outreach and peer education sessions have begun. In STD care, an initial assessment of the quality of STD care is nearly completed. The results will feed directly into efforts to improve the quality of care offered in target facilities. Also, a major survey of STD prevalence and drug resistance in target areas is being implemented in collaboration with the national AIDS program. At the end of FY 1999 and with CSD funds, activities targeting children affected by and infected with HIV were initiated and results are expected by the end of FY 2000. In FY 2000 and FY 2001, USAID funding will support the analysis and dissemination of a household level microeconomic impact study of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Institutional strengthening of NGOs networks to deliver quality HIV/AIDS interventions and advocate for change will continue. In addition, the mission will work with local NGOs to increase the distribution of targeted IEC materials that address correct condom use, HIV/STD transmission mechanisms, symptom recognition, treatment, and safe-sex negotiation skills, especially to high-risk groups. FY 2001 resources will also be used to increase outreach activities in workplace projects and along major transportation routes, thereby fostering linkages to the private sector. Possible Adjustments to Plans: None. Other Donor Programs: The USAID program is currently the largest HIV/AIDS program in the country. WHO supports nationwide expansion of the 100% condom use policy in brothels, modeled after the successful program in Thailand. WHO, with some USAID/ANE technical assistance, provides support to the technical bureau of the National AIDS Authority for the behavioral and HIV sentinel surveillance systems. UNICEF supports interventions targeting adolescents and street children. The World Bank provides technical advisors to the technical bureau of the National AIDS Authority. UNAIDS works closely with the National AIDS Authority and its technical bureau to plan and coordinate activities with major international donors and implementing partners to maximize their benefits. A coordination committee of host government, donor, international and implementing agencies meets monthly for joint review, planning and monitoring of activities. Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: USAID implements its STI/HIV prevention activities through Family Health International and its partners in the IMPACT project, Population Services International and the Khmer HIV/AIDS NGO Alliance. Selected Performance Measures: Baseline Actual (1999) Target (2000) Target (2001) Target (2002) Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among commercial sex workers in target areas 41.9% (1996) Not yet available 40% 37% 35% Percentage of men reporting always using condoms with commercial sex workers during previous three months 63% (1998)* Not yet available 69% 75% 80% Percentage of men reporting always using condoms with sex partner (other than sex workers) during previous three months 9% (1998)* Not yet available 18% 25% 30% Percentage of female commercial sex workers reporting consistent condom use with clients over the previous 12 months 42% (1998) Not yet available 48% 52% 55% * The condom use indicators are derived from the behavioral surveillance system, which has recently undergone substantial review and revision. As a result, these indicators measuring performance of behavior change intervention have changed relative to those used last year. A re-analysis of baseline data is planned in early CY 2000 to reconfirm baselines and targets for these changed indicators. U.S. Finance Table (Microsoft Excel) ACTIVITY DATA SHEET PROGRAM: Cambodia TITLE AND NUMBER: Expanded Access to Sustainable Financial Services, 442-007 STATUS: Continuing PLANNED FY 2000 OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: $1,000,000 ESF PROPOSED FY 2001 OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: $1,000,000 ESF INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1999 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2005 Summary: USAID initiated this special objective to respond to the scarcity of formal savings and credit programs available to the poor, especially in rural areas. The number of microfinance programs directed to serving the needs of the poor has increased in the past five years, but more than three-quarters of the rural population still does not have access to basic financial services. The purpose of this special objective is to increase the access of the rural poor to sustainable financial services. The direct beneficiaries of achieving this purpose will be an estimated 150,000 to 200,000 women. Key Results: Three intermediate results are critical to achieving the purpose of this special objective: 1) an average annual growth rate of 20% in the number of clients receiving micro loans from programs funded under this special objective; 2) an average annual growth rate of 20% in outstanding loan balances disbursed to clients receiving micro loans; and 3) a steady enhancement of the quality of the enabling environment in which microfinance organizations operate. On the basis of experiences in the first year of implementing this program, a number of adjustments have been made to the intermediate results to reflect what are thought to be more realistic estimates of sustainable rates of expansion. The foremost of these adjustments include: 1) downward revisions of sustainable long-term rates of growth of the number of clients served, and outstanding loan balances, from 25% to 20%; and 2) elimination of the village banks indicator, which was considered to be redundant. The baseline data on the number of active clients, and outstanding loan balances, were also revised as a result of improved financial management practices and reporting and monitoring procedures. Performance and Prospects: The first year of this program was characterized by the initiation of activities designed to consolidate operations and strengthen organizational and administrative capacities of microfinance credit providers receiving funding from USAID. This support provides these organizations with the specialized technical assistance and training required for them to become financially sustainable licensed microfinance institutions. The largest of these providers completed the transformation process during the past year and has attracted a number of substantial stockholders. It will become the first microfinance organization in the country to be licensed by the National Bank of Cambodia. The recognized need for such consolidation and strengthening to occur before rapid expansion of outreach continues dictates that the number of active clients, and outstanding loan balances, will be considerably less during the first two years of the program. This is reflected in the performance indicator data for the past year. When the two other organizations currently receiving funding complete their transformations, expansion of outreach activities will begin once more to accelerate. It is expected that by the third year of the program, growth in the number of active clients and outstanding loan balances will exceed projected long-term rates. The continued strengthening of the environment in which these organizations operate, reflected in the past year by the passage of significant banking legislation, will be particularly conducive to such long-term growth. Possible Adjustments to Plans: The expansion of outreach activities of one of the organizations currently receiving funding has been temporarily delayed as the result of an internal dispute over a decision made by the Board of Directors to replace the managing director of credit operations. If this dispute cannot be resolved to the satisfaction of USAID in a reasonable period of time, funds supporting these activities may have to be reallocated. Other Donor Programs: The UNDP, the European Union, the French Development Bank, and GTZ have been significant providers of funds to microfinance organizations. In 2000, the Asian Development Bank will begin implementing a substantial loan program that will provide funding, as well as technical assistance and training, to the National Bank of Cambodia and the Rural Development Bank, in support of the development of the microfinance sector. Donor cooperation, which has been good, has continued to improve during the past year. Principal Contractors, Grantees or Agencies: Current partners receiving USAID/Cambodia funding include the Association of Cambodian Local Economic Development Agencies, Catholic Relief Services, and World Relief. Other selected microfinance organizations may also receive funding during the life of this program to support their organization's transformation into a licensed MFI. Selected Performance Measures: Baseline (1998) Actual (1999) Target (2000) Target (2001) Growth in the number of clients -- 87,787 3.2% 90,601 20% 25% Growth in outstanding loan balances ($ million) -- (4.76) 7.1% (5.10) 20% 25% Index of enabling environment 5 7 8 9 U.S. Finance Table (Microsoft Excel)

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