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The History of America's Food Aid

People carrying sacks of grain in Africa - Photo: Glenn Edwards
America's food assistance programs began in 1812, when President James Madison sent emergency aid to earthquake victims in Venezuela. Herbert Hoover led a huge feeding program in Russia during the 1920's, in addition to famine relief programs during World War I and World War II in Europe. In 1949, the United States launched the Marshall Plan, which brought tons of food to the people of Western Europe, planted the seeds for a rejuvenated U.S. food aid program. Many European countries we helped at that time have long since become major food exporters and important international donors.

On July, 10, 1954, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Agricultural Trade Development Assistance Act, or Public Law 480, into law. The purpose of the legislation, the President said, was to "lay the basis for a permanent expansion of our exports of agricultural products with lasting benefits to ourselves and peoples and peoples of other lands."

Food is strength, and food is peace, and food is freedom, and food is a helping to people around the world whose good will and friendship we want
- President John F. Kennedy

Since that day, the lasting benefits President Eisenhower envisioned have come to pass. The 106 million metric tons of the U.S. has sent overseas over the past 50 years under Title II, the largest part of PL 480, have kept billions of people of people from hunger, malnutrition, and starvation while creating thousands of jobs in the U.S. and abroad.

Early in his administration, President John F. Kennedy underlined the importance of PL 480 to the U.S.- and the rest of the world- by renaming it "Food for Peace" and placing it in the newly created U.S. Agency for International Development. "Food is strength, and food is peace, and food is freedom, and food is a helping to people around the world whose good will and friendship we want," Kennedy said.

Since its inception, Food for Peace has adapted several times to accommodate changing needs around the world. Programs currently focus primarily on sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asian subcontinent. Despite these changes, the objectives have remained the same: fighting hunger and malnutrition and promoting sustained economic growth and development.

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