This paper is a summary of "Human Rights and Trafficking in Persons: A Handbook" by the Global Alliance Against Trafficking in Women. The paper was prepared for the Technical Consultative Meeting on Anti-Trafficking Programs in South Asia, Kathmandu, Nepal, September 11-13, 2001. The international human rights encoded in UN Treaties and Conventions offer a framework for an analysis of trafficking in persons.

This is the USAID general notice issued by Administrator Randall L. Tobias in commemoration of International Women's Day, 2007. The notice highlights USAID's support for and accomplishments in improving the status of women and enhancing their opportunities.

The purpose of the Anti-Trafficking Task Order (ATTO) is to support USAID/Washington and USAID's field missions with technical assistance, support the USAID Office of Women in Development (EGAT/WID), and initiate pilot projects in selected missions. This report is the second annual update detailing the technical assistance provided from October 2005 - September 2006. The ATTO conducted several assessments for field missions during this year (Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, Albania, Nicaragua, Indonesia, and Ecuador).

This issue of the Investing in Women in Development Quarter Newsletter includes the following articles: 
Field Notes: Coordinating to Combat Trafficking in Russia
Field Notes: Gender and Disability
Program Notes: IWID Fellows' Realm of Impact

This report provides an analysis of the available literature and programmatic interventions in areas related to trafficking in post-conflict situations. Its purpose is to serve as a tool for future USAID planning. The report includes two attachments: (1) an annotated bibliography of available literature on the subject and (2) a list of organizations working on post-conflict trafficking issues.

This literature review assesses publications that address the issue of how countries identify victims of trafficking and provide them with shelter, recovery, and reintegration services. It provides an outline of the issues that should be taken into consideration when developing a comprehensive victim-centered approach to residential shelter facilities in foreign countries. By providing references to works that are beginning to identify good practices in this field, this review also seeks to provide a foundation for a comprehensive approach to understanding the processes of recovery and rehabilitation of victims of trafficking.

This literature review provides an analysis of the available literature in areas related to trafficking in humanitarian emergencies. Although many reports and studies cover women's increasing vulnerability in disasters, specifically to sexual exploitation, few studies focus on trafficking in persons, and even fewer studies address types of trafficking other than for commercial sexual exploitation. The literature reviewed here examines the increased vulnerabilities of women after disasters, specifically due to cultural norms that place women's needs last, the lack of social safety nets, and the lack of input from women into disaster response and management.

This literature review found a good deal of work on the subjects of conflict and its effects on women, children, and gender-based violence, the gender aspects of peacekeeping, and human trafficking in post-conflict countries. Very few of these works deal directly with the issues of conflict, human trafficking, and their interrelationships, however, and even fewer works contain in-depth descriptions and analyses of the conditions in conflict and post-conflict situations, which contribute to the emergence of human trafficking in post-conflict and neighboring countries. The exceptions are the growing body of work on child soldiers and women associated with fighting forces, recent works on trafficking in women and girls for sexual exploitation around peacekeeping missions, and the evolving links between post-conflict trafficking and organized crime.

This study of residential rehabilitative shelters for victims of trafficking is based on a review of the literature addressing residential shelters, protection, and rehabilitation for victims of human trafficking; a review of U.S. government-funded shelter activities from 2001–2005; and interviews with individuals engaged in anti-trafficking work, including government officials, scholars, and representatives of non-governmental and international organizations. The study addresses the major types of residential shelters, the constraints that affect shelter operations, and a series of issues and challenges to effective shelter care. It also includes examples of good practices and recommendations.

This report provides an overview of the global problem of trafficking in persons, the U.S. Government's position on trafficking, and USAID's anti-trafficking activities. It summarizes trafficking problems by region (Africa, Asia, Central and Southeastern Europe and Eurasia, and Latin America and the Caribbean) and describes the wide range of USAID's interventions in 2003 to combat trafficking in these regions.

This report provides an overview of the global problem of trafficking in persons and of USAID's response to the problem. It summarizes trafficking problems by region (Africa, Asia, Central and Southeastern Europe and Eurasia, and Latin America and the Caribbean) and describes the wide range of USAID's interventions in 2005 to combat trafficking in these regions.

This document provides an overview of the global problem of trafficking in persons and of USAID's response. It summarizes trafficking problems by region -- Africa, Asia, Central Europe and the former Soviet Union, and Latin America and the Caribbean -- and briefly describes USAID's efforts to combat trafficking in these regions.

This report provides an overview of the global problem of trafficking in persons and of USAID's response. It summarizes trafficking problems by region (Africa, Asia, Central and Southeastern Europe and Eurasia, and Latin America and the Caribbean) and describes the wide range of USAID's interventions in 2002 to combat trafficking in these regions.

This report provides an overview of the global problem of trafficking in persons, the U.S. Government's position on trafficking, and USAID's strategy for both preventing trafficking and protecting its victims. It also offers illustrative examples of USAID's anti-trafficking activities. The report appendix briefly describes the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000.

This document profiles USAID's efforts to address barriers to full access to opportunity for women and men throughout the developing world. The success stories are a testament to the progress women and men have made. The selected examples illustrate the many efforts made by the USAID field missions, the Office of Women in Development, and other USAID operating units to fully integrate women into development programs and policies throughout USAID.

Women in Development indefinite quantity contract (WID IQC)

This two-page case study describes USAID-supported work in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to assist and reintegrate boys and girls abducted during the 10 years of conflict in eastern DRC, along with children conceived by abducted girls during their time with the fighting forces. With USAID support, COOPI, an Italian NGO working in Ituri district, has helped reintegrate victims into their communities safely as well as prevent future abduction, trafficking, and sexual violence. Through an extensive communication campaign and a victim support center, COOPI has reached often-hidden girls by working to change the behavior of communities toward abductees, reducing the stigma and shame felt by victims, and helping victims improve their self-identification and skills.

This is the consolidated first, second, third and fourth quarterly report (November 1, 2002 – October 31, 2003) for "Advancing Women's Rights Globally". The report discusses the activities of the Georgetown University Law Center's International Women's Human Rights Clinic and its four partners -- LAWA-Ghana, Nigeria WRAPA, Tanzania WLAC, and LAW-Uganda -- under Grant Agreement #GEW-G-00-02-00001-00. Under this grant, the partners work on various projects to advance women's rights through legislation, litigation, strengthening civil society, and public education.

Report also covers the period Nov. 1, 2004-December 31, 2005, funded by an anonymous donor grant

The purpose of this assessment is to (1) review existing reintegration programs for women and child soldiers and women associated with the fighting forces (WAFF), (2) assess their current situation in Liberia, and (3) make recommendations to USAID on possible interventions for assistance, including a detailed program description for a proposed USAID/Liberia activity. The assessment and recommendations are done within the context of the Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) program being planned and implemented in Liberia by the international community and the United Nations peacekeeping forces (UNMIL). The assessment was conducted under the Short-Term Technical Assistance and Research Under EGAT/WID Management to Support USAID Washington and Field Mission Anti-Trafficking Activities Task Order, which is managed by Development Alternatives, Inc. (DAI).

This two-page case study describes USAID's work facilitating the passage of anti-trafficking legislation in Mozambique through the Women's Legal Rights Initiative. The project partnered with the Ministry of Justice and a local non-governmental organization (NGO) network to draft a bill while leading outreach and advocacy efforts in support of its passage. In April 2008, the Mozambique National Assembly unanimously passed legislation to punish traffickers and protect victims and witnesses of human trafficking.

Earlier ver. was erroneously distributed under title: Republic of Mozambique, Ministry of Justice : bill against trafficking in persons | Women's legal rights initiative (WLR) | Task order under the Women in Development IQC

This is the consolidated first, second, third and fourth quarterly report (November 1, 2002 – October 31, 2003) for "Advancing Women's Rights Globally". The report discusses the activities of the Georgetown University Law Center's International Women's Human Rights Clinic and its four partners -- LAWA-Ghana, Nigeria WRAPA, Tanzania WLAC, and LAW-Uganda -- under Grant Agreement #GEW-G-00-02-00001-00. Under this grant, the partners work on various projects to advance women's rights through legislation, litigation, strengthening civil society, and public education.

Report also covers the period Nov. 1, 2004-December 31, 2005, funded by an anonymous donor grant

This is the consolidated first, second, third and fourth quarterly report (November 1, 2002 – October 31, 2003) for "Advancing Women's Rights Globally". The report discusses the activities of the Georgetown University Law Center's International Women's Human Rights Clinic and its four partners -- LAWA-Ghana, Nigeria WRAPA, Tanzania WLAC, and LAW-Uganda -- under Grant Agreement #GEW-G-00-02-00001-00. Under this grant, the partners work on various projects to advance women's rights through legislation, litigation, strengthening civil society, and public education.

Report also covers the period Nov. 1, 2004-December 31, 2005, funded by an anonymous donor grant

This is the consolidated first, second, third and fourth quarterly report (November 1, 2002 – October 31, 2003) for "Advancing Women's Rights Globally". The report discusses the activities of the Georgetown University Law Center's International Women's Human Rights Clinic and its four partners -- LAWA-Ghana, Nigeria WRAPA, Tanzania WLAC, and LAW-Uganda -- under Grant Agreement #GEW-G-00-02-00001-00. Under this grant, the partners work on various projects to advance women's rights through legislation, litigation, strengthening civil society, and public education.

Report also covers the period Nov. 1, 2004-December 31, 2005, funded by an anonymous donor grant

Project title: Anti-trafficking technical assistance | Women in Development indefinite quantity contract (WID IQC)

The Gender Advocacy in Afghanistan newsletter is produced by UNIFEM Afghanistan through support provided by USAID's Office of Women in Development. The newsletter presents factual information, statistics, and references relevant to four different gender campaign issues in order to facilitate gender-based campaigns by Afghan journalists, government, and civil society organizations.

Volume 1 contents:

• Trafficking in Persons in Afghanistan
• First Afghan Delegation to Global Women's Conference
• Forced Marriage for Men
• Campaign for Afghan Women to Work in the Government

This two-page case study describes the work of the USAID-supported South Asia Regional Initiative/Equity Support Project (SARI/Equity). Between 2002 and 2006, the project worked to build and strengthen local capacity to address trafficking and violence against women in South Asian countries. SARI/Equity launched regional action forums, awarded small grants and fellowships for action-oriented research, provided technical support, set up a website for sharing best practices, and built partnerships with almost 600 organizations in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.

Anti-trafficking activities (ATTO) task order #1

This two-page case study describes the work of the USAID-supported South Asia Regional Initiative/Equity Support Project (SARI/Equity). Between 2002 and 2006, the project worked to build and strengthen local capacity to address trafficking and violence against women in South Asian countries. SARI/Equity launched regional action forums, awarded small grants and fellowships for action-oriented research, provided technical support, set up a website for sharing best practices, and built partnerships with almost 600 organizations in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.

Women's legal rights initiative (WLR) | Project title: Women in development IQC

This two-page case study describes the work of the USAID-supported South Asia Regional Initiative/Equity Support Project (SARI/Equity). Between 2002 and 2006, the project worked to build and strengthen local capacity to address trafficking and violence against women in South Asian countries. SARI/Equity launched regional action forums, awarded small grants and fellowships for action-oriented research, provided technical support, set up a website for sharing best practices, and built partnerships with almost 600 organizations in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.

Women's legal rights initiative (WLR) | Project title: Women in development IQC

This two-page case study describes the work of the USAID-supported South Asia Regional Initiative/Equity Support Project (SARI/Equity). Between 2002 and 2006, the project worked to build and strengthen local capacity to address trafficking and violence against women in South Asian countries. SARI/Equity launched regional action forums, awarded small grants and fellowships for action-oriented research, provided technical support, set up a website for sharing best practices, and built partnerships with almost 600 organizations in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.

This two-page case study describes the work of the USAID-supported South Asia Regional Initiative/Equity Support Project (SARI/Equity). Between 2002 and 2006, the project worked to build and strengthen local capacity to address trafficking and violence against women in South Asian countries. SARI/Equity launched regional action forums, awarded small grants and fellowships for action-oriented research, provided technical support, set up a website for sharing best practices, and built partnerships with almost 600 organizations in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.

This two-page case study describes USAID's work preventing the trafficking of Vietnamese girls and women, often to Cambodia, by improving their life options. The An Giang/Dong Thap (ADAPT) Alliance is a girls' education program that provides scholarships, vocational training, and job placement services to at-risk girls in three Vietnamese provinces along the Cambodian border. For women and girls who have escaped prostitution, ADAPT provides comprehensive reintegration services — including counseling, vocational training, income earning opportunities, and health care — to prevent them from being trafficked again.

The Women's Legal Rights Initiative produced and published this manual in furtherance of its mission to develop and conduct educational programs for members of the Albanian judiciary. The manual is designed to assist the Albanian judiciary in the implementation of new legislation on trafficking in persons. It includes commentaries on the law, community resources available to victims and witnesses, checklists and forms for case management, and a discussion of special issues related to trial proceedings, evidence admission, and testimony of experts.

This evaluation, requested by USAID/Albania to help it develop its multi-year country strategy on anti-trafficking, focuses on two anti-trafficking projects that commenced in 2003 and closed in 2006: (1) The Albanian Initiative - Coordinated Action Against Human Trafficking and (2) Transnational Action against Child Trafficking. The evaluation found that the programs' main impacts were (i) the infusion of funds and attention to anti-trafficking efforts, (ii) the focus on government involvement in anti-trafficking work at the national and local level, (iii) strengthened civil society on anti-trafficking and associated issues, and (iv) a highlighted importance of monitoring and evaluation on program work.

USAID commissioned an assessment of trafficking in persons prevention activities in the Europe and Eurasia region in order to develop a framework for trafficking prevention programs in the future. This report analyzes information gleaned from a review of existing documentation -- project reports, evaluations, research, and the like -- as well as information gathered during brief assessment missions to three countries of the region: Romania, Russia, and Ukraine. Although the study was limited by the information and time available, it found significant changes as a result of several years of counter-trafficking prevention programming in parts of Europe and Eurasia.

This report presents the results of a gender assessment carried out in Georgia in March 2003. The assessment tried to answer the following questions: (1) How are the problems of men and different? How might solutions be different? (2) How might contributions of men and women to activities be different? (3) How might activities differentially affect women and men? It found that USAID/Caucasus is aware of gender mainstreaming and the relationship between improving the unequal status of women and the economic, political, and social growth in Georgia.

Women's legal rights initiative (WLR) | Project title: Women in development IQC

USAID commissioned an assessment of trafficking in persons prevention activities in the Europe and Eurasia region in order to develop a framework for trafficking prevention programs in the future. This report analyzes information gleaned from a review of existing documentation -- project reports, evaluations, research, and the like -- as well as information gathered during brief assessment missions to three countries of the region: Romania, Russia, and Ukraine. Although the study was limited by the information and time available, it found significant changes as a result of several years of counter-trafficking prevention programming in parts of Europe and Eurasia.

This report presents the results of a gender assessment carried out in Georgia in March 2003. The assessment tried to answer the following questions: (1) How are the problems of men and different? How might solutions be different? (2) How might contributions of men and women to activities be different? (3) How might activities differentially affect women and men? It found that USAID/Caucasus is aware of gender mainstreaming and the relationship between improving the unequal status of women and the economic, political, and social growth in Georgia.

Project title: Women in development technical assistance (WIDTECH)

USAID commissioned an assessment of trafficking in persons prevention activities in the Europe and Eurasia region in order to develop a framework for trafficking prevention programs in the future. This report analyzes information gleaned from a review of existing documentation -- project reports, evaluations, research, and the like -- as well as information gathered during brief assessment missions to three countries of the region: Romania, Russia, and Ukraine. Although the study was limited by the information and time available, it found significant changes as a result of several years of counter-trafficking prevention programming in parts of Europe and Eurasia.

USAID commissioned an assessment of trafficking in persons prevention activities in the Europe and Eurasia region in order to develop a framework for trafficking prevention programs in the future. This report analyzes information gleaned from a review of existing documentation -- project reports, evaluations, research, and the like -- as well as information gathered during brief assessment missions to three countries of the region: Romania, Russia, and Ukraine. Although the study was limited by the information and time available, it found significant changes as a result of several years of counter-trafficking prevention programming in parts of Europe and Eurasia.

USAID commissioned an assessment of trafficking in persons prevention activities in the Europe and Eurasia region in order to develop a framework for trafficking prevention programs in the future. This report analyzes information gleaned from a review of existing documentation -- project reports, evaluations, research, and the like -- as well as information gathered during brief assessment missions to three countries of the region: Romania, Russia, and Ukraine. Although the study was limited by the information and time available, it found significant changes as a result of several years of counter-trafficking prevention programming in parts of Europe and Eurasia.

Project title: Women in development technical assistance (WIDTECH)

Task order no. 2

Task order no. 2

Project title: Women in development IQC

Task order no. 2

Prompted by the U.S. State Department’s classification of Jamaica as a country failing to meet minimum standards to combat human trafficking, USAID/Jamaica requested an anti-trafficking assessment. This assessment analyzes the current situation and recommends the programmatic support necessary to assist the country’s efforts to combat human trafficking. It concludes that Jamaica is a country of origin, transit and destination in the trafficking of persons, particularly trafficking in children, with both foreign and national victims.

Task order no. 2

This literature review of documents addressing trafficking in persons in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) found numerous works on the subject of sex trafficking of children; general overviews of sex trafficking within the region; descriptions of institutional, legal, and civil society responses to combat sex trafficking, and linkages between migration patterns and human trafficking. Most of the reviewed documents deal with issues surrounding trafficking in children for purposes of sexual exploitation; relatively few comprehensively address the nature and extent of trafficking in women or other forms of trafficking such as domestic servitude, forced labor, and military service.

Task order no. 2

Women in Development indefinite quantity contract (WID IQC)

Task order no. 2

Project title: Women in development indefinite quantity contract (WID IQC), task order no. 2: Anti-trafficking activities task order (ATTO)